Tables 1-4 were compiled mainly from information solicited by facsimiled inquiry of the relevant authorities in various countries. Information included in the tables regarding existing micronutrient deficiencies and dietary patterns were obtained from country papers prepared for the ICN conference held in 1992. In cases where other sources were used for legislation information, this has been noted.
Table 1: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Salt lodisation
COUNTRY |
LEVEL OF IODINE (ppm) |
STATUS |
COMPOUNDS USED |
*Argentina |
30 |
|
KIO3 |
Bolivia |
50 |
Mandatory |
KIO3/KI |
*Brazil |
40-60 |
Mandatory |
KIO3/KI |
Colombia |
50 - 100 |
Mandatory |
KI |
Costa Rica |
33-50 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Ecuador |
50 - 100 |
Mandatory |
KI |
El Salvador |
30 - 100 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
*Guatemala |
60 - 100 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Haiti |
|
No Legislation |
|
Honduras |
>67 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
*Mexico |
20 |
|
KI |
*Nicaragua |
30-50 |
|
KIO3 |
*Panama |
30-50 |
|
KIO3 |
*Paraguay |
60- 80 |
|
KIO3 |
Peru |
30-40 |
|
KIO3/KI |
Uruguay |
30 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
*Venezuela |
20-30 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Canada |
76 |
Mandatory |
KI |
USA |
100 |
Voluntary |
KI |
**Austria |
7.5 - 10.7 |
Mandatory (for complete salt) |
KI |
**Finland |
25 |
Voluntary |
KI |
**France |
10-15 |
Voluntary |
Nal |
Germany |
15 -25 |
Voluntary |
NaIO3/KIO3 |
**Greece |
31 - 46 |
Voluntary |
KI |
Hungary |
10 |
Voluntary |
KI |
Italy |
15 |
|
KI |
**Netherlands |
18 - 22 |
|
KIO3/KI |
Norway |
5 |
Voluntary |
|
**Poland |
25 |
Voluntary |
KI |
**Spain |
60±9 |
Voluntary |
|
Sweden |
40-70 |
Voluntary |
NaI/KI |
**Switzerland |
15 |
Mandatory |
KI |
UK |
25-30 |
Voluntary |
|
Angola |
60 - 100 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Bhutan |
160, 25, 15 |
Mandatory |
|
Central African Republic |
85 - 135 |
|
KIO3, CaIO3, KI |
Cote D'lvoire |
30 - 50 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Ethiopia |
100 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Gambia |
100 |
Mandatory |
|
Kenya |
168 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Lesotho |
40-50 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Malawi |
50 |
Mandatory |
|
Maurtania |
10- 15 |
|
|
Morocco |
80 ±10 |
|
KIO3 |
Nigeria |
250, 30 |
Mandatory |
KI |
South Africa |
40-60 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Tanzania |
|
Mandatory |
|
Zambia |
180-100, 50-80, 30-50 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Iran |
40 |
Mandat. by 12/95 |
|
Lebanon |
10 - 200 |
Mandatory |
KIO3/KI |
Myanmar |
40, 20 |
10% of production must be iodised |
|
Pakistan |
60-70 |
Leg. in process to make mandatory |
KIO3 |
Sri Lanka |
25-50 |
Voluntary |
|
Thailand |
>30 |
Mandatory |
KIO3 |
Turkey |
|
Voluntary |
|
Vietnam |
|
Mandatory |
|
Australia |
25-40 |
Voluntary |
|
1
Values represent required levels at production, retail, consumer;
2 Values represent required levels at production and retail
*Source-Dunn et al., 1985; **Source-du Bois, 1991.
Table 2: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Rice Fortification
COUNTRY |
WIDELY USED |
STATUS OF FORT. |
LEG. ON RICE FORT. |
m -NUT DEF. | |
Angola |
Y |
|
No legislation |
I, Fe, vit A | |
Burkina Faso |
Non-trad. |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
vit A, Fe, I | |
Cote d'lvoire |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
| |
Ethiopia |
N |
|
No legislation |
vit A, Fe, I | |
Gambia |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, folate, I, Ca B2, Vit A | |
Lesotho |
N |
Voluntary |
No Legislation |
I, Fe, niacin, vit A | |
Malawi |
|
Voluntary |
Must meet nutr. lab. Req. |
Fe, vit A, I, niacin | |
Maurtania |
Y |
|
No Legislation |
Fe, folate, Fe | |
Morroco |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, I, vits A, D | |
Mozambique |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, vit A | |
Nigeria |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
| |
South Africa |
|
|
No legislation |
| |
Tanzania |
Y |
|
No Legislation |
Fe, folate, I, Vit. A | |
Canada |
|
Prohibited |
|
| |
Colombia |
Y |
Voluntary |
1 serving of enriched food must contain 60-150% RDA |
Fe, I, Ca, Vits A, B1, B2, C, niacin | |
Costa Rica |
Y |
Voluntary |
No Legislation |
Fe, I | |
Cuba |
Y |
Voluntary |
No Legislation |
Vits A, C, B1, Fe | |
El Salvador |
Y |
|
No legislation - Is not fortified |
Fe, Vit A, I | |
Haiti |
|
|
No legislation |
| |
Peru |
|
Voluntary |
No legislation |
| |
Uruguay |
|
|
No legislation |
Vit D, Fe, I | |
Philippines |
Y |
Voluntary |
>4.4 mg B1, >35.2 mg niacin, >28.6 mg Fe (per kg enriched rice) |
Fe, I, Vits A, B1. B2 | |
Singapore |
|
Voluntary |
one serving must contain at least 50% of RDA |
| |
Sri Lanka |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A | |
Thailand |
Y |
Voluntary |
>4.0 mg B1, 3.0 mg B2, 37 mg niacin. Others may be permitted |
| |
Turkey |
Y |
Voluntary |
in accordance with Codex |
Fe, I, Ca, Vits C, D, B2, B6 | |
Vietnam |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A | |
Australia |
|
Prohibited |
|
| |
New Zealand |
|
Prohibited |
(Review of legislation pertaining to m -nutrient addition to foods is under way) |
| |
Finland |
|
Prohibited |
Only restoration allowed |
| |
Hungary |
|
Voluntary |
1 serving must contain > 1/3 RDA |
| |
Norway |
|
Prohibited |
|
| |
Sweden |
|
May be allowed with special permission |
|
| |
UK |
|
Voluntary |
Only covered by food safety act - must be safe |
|
Table 3: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Wheat Flour Fortification
COUNTRY |
WIDELY CONSUMED |
STATUS |
LEG. ON WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION |
m -NUT DEF. |
Angola |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Vit A, I, Fe |
Burkina Faso |
Non-trad |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Vit A, I, Fe |
Cote D'lvoire |
N |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Vits A, C, I |
Ethiopia |
N |
|
Draft standard proposal exists |
vit A, Fe, I |
Gambia |
N |
|
No legislation |
Fe, folate, I, Ca, B2 |
Lesotho |
Y |
Voluntary |
No spec. legislation |
I, Fe, niacin, Vit A |
Malawi |
|
Voluntary |
Must meet nutr. Labelling requirement |
Fe, I, Vit A, niacin |
Maurtania |
N |
|
No legislation |
Fe, folate, I |
Morocco |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vits A |
Mozambique |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A |
South Africa |
|
|
No legislation |
|
Tanzania |
N |
|
No legislation |
Fe, folate, I, Vit A |
Canada |
Y |
Mandatory |
(mg/kg) B1 4.4-7.7; B2 2.7-4.8; Niacin 35-64; Fe 29-43. The following are voluntary; pantothenic acid 10-13; B6 2.5-3.1; folate 0.4-0.5; Ca 1100-1400; Mg 1500-1900 |
|
Bolivia |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A |
Costa Rica |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I |
Cuba |
|
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, Ca, Vits B,. C, A |
Ecuador |
|
Voluntary |
(mg/kg)B1- >2.0,B2-> 2.6, niacin - > 35.3, Fe- >24..0, Ca->1,100. |
|
El Salvador |
N |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A |
Haiti |
|
|
No legislation |
|
Honduras |
N |
Voluntary |
(mg/kg) B1 - 4.4, B2 -2.6, niacin - 35.2, Fe -28.7, Ca- 1100. |
Fe, I, Vit A |
Peru |
|
|
No legislation |
|
Uruguay |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit D |
Lebanon |
Y |
Prohibited |
|
|
Pakistan |
Y |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, B-vits. |
Philippines |
N |
Voluntary |
Rec. addition of Fe and B vits to 1/3 of RDA |
Fe, I, vits A, B1, B2, Ca Vit C |
Singapore |
Y |
Voluntary |
If fortified, 1 serving must contain 50% of RDA of added nutrients |
|
Sri Lanka |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A |
Turkey |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation (ref Codex) |
Fe, I, Ca, Vits B2, B6, C, D |
Vietnam |
Y |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A |
Australia |
Y |
Voluntary1 |
(mg/kg) Thiamine ->6.4; (mg/kg)2 B1-<15; B2-11.; niacin-70; B6-11; E-72; folate-2.9; Fe-86; Mg-2300; Zn-52 |
|
New Zealand |
\ |
Prohibited |
Review of leg. on nut. addition to foods is being undertaken. |
|
Finland |
|
Prohibited |
(restoration allowed) |
|
Hungary |
|
Voluntary |
1 serving must contain 1/3 of RDA |
|
Malta |
Y |
Voluntary |
Mandatory for brown or whole meal flour. (mg/kg) B1, B2 - 2.4; niacin - 16.0; Fe - 16.5 |
|
Norway |
|
Prohibited |
|
|
Sweden |
|
Voluntary |
(mg/kg) 4-8 thiamine HCl 1.5-3 B2, 40-80 nicotinic acid, 3.5-7 pyridoxine HCl, 65-90 Fe. |
|
Switzerland |
|
Voluntary |
(mg/kg) 4.4 - B1, 2.0 -B2, 50 - niacin, 29 - Fe. |
|
UK |
|
Voluntary |
(mg/Kg)>2.4-B1, 16-niacin, 16.5 - Fe, 940 to 1560 - Ca. |
|
1
Mandatory for thiamine
2 Maximum claim allowed
Table 4: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Margarine Fortification
COUNTRY |
STATUS |
LEG. ON MARGARINE FORTIF. |
m -NUT DEF. | ||
Angola |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A | ||
Burkina Faso |
|
No legislation |
Vit A, Fe, I | ||
Cote D'Ivoire |
Voluntary |
No legislation - ref. Codex |
| ||
Ethiopia |
Voluntary |
There exists a draft std. proposal |
Vit A, Fe, I | ||
Gambia |
|
No legislation |
Fe, folate, I, Vits A. B2. C | ||
Lesotho |
Voluntary |
No specific legislation - ref. Codex |
Fe, I, Vit A, niacin | ||
Malawi |
Voluntary |
(m g/l00g) 810-990 Vit A, 5.2-8.8 Vit D |
Fe, I, Vit A, niacin | ||
Maurtania |
|
|
Fe, folate, I | ||
Morocco |
Voluntary |
(m g/100g) 600-900 Vit A; 6.25-7.5 Vit D; 1-2 IU Vit E |
Fe, I, Vit A, D | ||
Mozambique |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A | ||
Nigeria |
Voluntary |
No specific legislation - ref. Codex |
Fe, I, Vit A D | ||
South Africa |
|
No legislation |
| ||
Tanzania |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, folate, I, Vit A | ||
Canada |
Mandatory |
(m g/l00g)> 1000 Vit A; 13.3 Vit D; Voluntary addn of 0.6 IU Vit E/g linoleic acid |
| ||
Colombia |
Mandatory |
(m g/l00g) 600-900 Vit A; 5-10 Vit D |
Ca, Fe, I, Vits A, B1, B2, C, niacin | ||
Cuba |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, Vits A, B1, C | ||
Ecuador |
Mandatory |
(m g/100g) 600-900 Vit A; 5-10 Vit D |
| ||
El Salvador |
Voluntary |
Vit A - according to ??? |
Fe, I, Vit A | ||
Haiti |
|
No legislation |
| ||
Honduras |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A | ||
Peru |
|
No legislation |
| ||
Uruguay |
|
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit D | ||
Myanmar |
|
No legislation |
| ||
Pakistan |
Mandatory |
(m g/100g) - Vit. A; Vit. D may be added |
Fe, I, B-vits. | ||
Philippines |
Voluntary |
585 m g/100g Vit A. Other vits may be added with permission. |
Fe, I, vit A, B1, B2 | ||
Sri Lanka |
Voluntary |
(m g/100) 1000 - Vit A; 7.5 - Vit D |
Fe, I, Vit A | ||
Thailand |
|
No legislation |
| ||
Turkey |
Voluntary |
No legislation - ref. Codex |
Fe, I, Ca, Vits B3, B6, C, D. | ||
Vietnam |
Voluntary |
No legislation |
Fe, I, Vit A | ||
Australia |
Mandatory |
(m g/100g) >850 - vit A; >5.5 -vit D. |
| ||
New Zealand |
Voluntary |
Vits A and D permitted |
| ||
Finland |
Voluntary |
(m g/100g) 500-1000 Vit A; 5-10 Vit D |
| ||
Hungary |
Voluntary |
1 serving must contain > 1/3 RDA |
| ||
Malta |
Voluntary |
natural and synthetic tocopherols -not limited; Ascorbyl palmitate/stearate < 500 ppm |
| ||
Norway |
Voluntary (may become mandatory) |
(m g/100g) 900 - Vit A; 8 - Vit D |
| ||
Sweden |
Mandatory |
(m g/100g) 900 - 1500 Vit A; 7.5 -10 Vit D |
| ||
UK |
Mandatory |
(m g/100g) 800 - 1000 Vit A; 7.05 -8.82 Vit D |
|