ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS
1. Selected illustrative examples of external partnerships are summarized in tabular form under each Strategic Objective, indicating the major groups as follows:
2. Since FAO maintains direct and privileged links with a broad range of governmental authorities and institutions at country level, such links are not highlighted to avoid repetition. It must be stressed that the areas of partnership mentioned in the left column do not correspond precisely to the strategy elements cited in the text, as full correlation would have led to excessive repetition and for reasons of brevity the tables have been kept as concise as possible.
3. The substantive area of cooperation is mentioned, often in telegraphic form, in the left-hand side column. The scope or nature of collaboration is on the right-hand side, where a capital letter also indicates the type of FAO's role (L: expected lead role; S: primarily supportive role; and M: "mixed" role). Often, FAO may need to act both as a "leader" and a "supporter", or needs to participate in broad-based consultations or international initiatives, where such distinction is not relevant or feasible. The word agriculture in the tables generally refers to agriculture lato sensu, i.e. including crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry.
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
policy formulation and studies with prime focus on the agricultural sector, including fisheries and forestry |
UN, UNDP, UNEP, Regional Commissions, IFAD, WB, IFIs, CGIAR, institutions networked with FAO on policy issues |
L - with consultation at formulation stage to elicit partners' involvement |
farmer-centred resource management |
CSOs (particularly farmers organizations), bilateral programmes |
S - to devise mechanisms to enhance resource management at farm level |
rural enterprise expansion and rural markets performance |
CSOs, private sector, IFIs, bilateral programmes |
S - to identify opportunities, and develop and disseminate techniques, information and improvements |
sustainable livelihoods of rural families and communities, access to resources |
UN (members of the ACC network on rural development and food security), CGIAR, CSOs, bilateral programmes |
M - to develop policy measures, technological solutions and institutional mechanisms |
implications on agriculture sector of macro-level policies |
IFIs, UN, UNDP, IFAD, Regional Commissions, CGIAR, CSOs |
S - by providing inputs from perspective of agricultural sector, and participating in round-tables and consultative meetings |
integrated coastal area and basin development, including mangroves |
S - through technical inputs to national strategies and programmes | |
utilization of the productive functions of trees and forests for sustainable livelihoods |
UN, UNDP, WFP, IFIs, CSOs, bilateral programmes |
M - to catalyse action and applied research and disseminate useful results |
gender-responsive development, including population concerns |
UN, UNFPA, UNIFEM, CSOs, (particularly women's groups) and mechanisms at country level |
M - through broad-based cooperation in the framework of the Beijing Plan of Action, to ensure due recognition of roles of rural women; participation in UNFPA-financed programmes; mobilization of action at country level in support of balanced policies |
assistance to food-insecure and disadvantaged communities, including fisherfolk and forest-dwellers |
UN, CGIAR, CSOs, bilateral programmes |
M - to design and assist input supply programmes (e.g. seed production multiplication and distribution) |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
incorporation of nutrition objectives in policies and programmes |
UN (e.g. members of ACC Sub-Committee on Nutrition), CSOs, CGIAR |
L & S- to sensitize partners both at policy level and more particularly in support of national initiatives and plans at country level |
mapping of food insecurity |
UN, NGOs involved in FIVIMS |
L & M - as mandated by the World Food Summit, to promote information exchange and joint work |
support to food assistance programmes |
UN (WFP, IFAD), bilateral assistance programmes, NGOs |
S - in making sure that programmes are consistent with nutritional and developmental policies and objectives of countries and reach target disadvantaged groups |
access by marginalized groups to productive capacities |
CGIAR, CSOs, private sector, bilateral programmes |
M - to identify, develop and disseminate information on mechanisms to ensure access |
efficient use of social capital though participation |
UN, IFIs, CSOs, private sector, bilateral programmes |
M - through policy analysis work and field-testing of methodologies, and seeking outreach through training, as well as generating interest of IFIs |
non-wood forest products is contribution to food security |
CGIAR, IFIs, CSOs, NGOs |
M - to promote policies and technological exchanges |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
prevention and preparedness |
UN, WMO, UNDP, WFP, IFIs, CSOs |
L & S - by supporting international programmes/initiatives |
monitoring and early warning (food emergencies) |
established partners of the GIEWS (UN-OCHA, UNDP, WFP, donors, CSOs, etc.) |
L & M (i.e. in sharing of information and experiences; joint work with WFP on crops and food needs assessments) |
monitoring and early warning, as well as enhanced preparedness (plant pests and diseases) |
IGOs and NGOs (established partners of the EMPRES programme under its two components, i.e. animal health (principally rinderpest) and locusts, bilateral programmes |
L & S- in seeking multiple involvement of partners, i.e. in research and methodologies for control, implementation and funding of specific projects, policy coordination for concerted action and preparedness plans |
emergencies regarding fisheries and aquaculture |
UN-OCHA, UNDP, IGOs, CGIAR, bilateral programmes, CSOs |
S - in promoting exchange of information and joint monitoring, e.g. of fish stock habitats, epizootics of aquaculture, threats to fisheries genetic resources; assistance with mitigation measures |
early warning and mitigation of risks to forest eco-systems |
UN-OCHA, UNDP, UNEP, WMO, WHO, IFIs, IGOs, CSOs, CGIAR |
L & M- in fostering exchange of information and monitoring of specific risks (fire, pests, diseases) |
immediate relief and rehabilitation assistance to affected countries in areas of FAO's competence |
UN (Inter-Agency Standing Committee mechanism), UNDP, UNHCR, WFP, IFIs, CSOs |
L & M - overall strategic coordination and facilitation role in complex emergencies and post-natural disaster intervention; participation in joint appeals, implementation of agricultural relief and rehabilitation as well as resettlement and reintegration programmes on behalf of donors |
rebuilding member countries' capacities to take the lead for agriculture recovery |
UN-OCHA, UNDP, IFIs |
M - by supporting national institutions/programmes |
technologies and support services to mitigate impact of disasters and for quick rehabilitation |
UN-OCHA, UNDP, WFP, UNICEF, IFIs, CSOs, regional and national early warning systems |
S & M - through participation in the analysis of situations to prepare timely responses to countries needs; joint design of emergency measures, e.g. seed stocks |
medium term rehabilitation and reconstruction |
UN-OCHA, UNDP, IFAD, WB, WFP, IFIs, CSOs, bilateral programmes |
L & M - planning of agricultural rehabilitation and reconstruction; definition of investment priorities; implementation of investment projects |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
food standards |
UN, IGOs, CSOs (producers and consumers organizations) and private sector |
L & S - through Codex, co-sponsored by WHO, and with strong links with WTO in implementation of Uruguay Round agreements |
phytosanitary standards |
WTO, IGOs (regional plant protection organizations), CSOs |
L & S - implementation of phytosanitary standards in context of Uruguay Round Agreement |
standards for distribution and use of pesticides/ implementation of PIC procedure |
UN, UNEP, WHO, ILO, UNIDO, IGOs, OECD |
M - through joint programmes (PIC procedure with UNEP, Interim Secretariat for Rotterdam Convention) |
commodity consultations and actions, dissemination of commodity intelligence |
UN, IGOs (International Commodity Organizations), producers and industry organizations, IFIs |
L & M - through exchanges of information, cross-representation at meetings, dovetailing of activities |
quality and safety of fisheries products (within general work on food standards above) |
IGOs (regional fisheries organizations), CSOs (particularly producers and consumer groups) |
S - in seeking inputs from partners for advice to countries, including information on local constraints and potential solutions |
support to follow-up of international conferences and conventions |
UN (Convention Secretariats on Biological Diversity, Climate Change and Combatting Desertification), Inter-agency Task Force on Forests, and other international organizations |
S - to facilitate participation of countries in follow-up mechanisms, through direct advice, networks, etc.; technical inputs and studies |
regulatory frameworks for agricultural resource and input use |
IGOs, CSOs |
M - to assist countries to develop frameworks on pesticide legislation, PGR and seeds |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
strengthening national food control systems and programmes |
UN, CSOs (National CODEX Committees), private sector, bilateral programmes |
M - to carry out joint promotional efforts of food control systems, including import/export certification |
policy and legal framework for sustainable agricultural, fishery and forestry management |
UN, UNEP, UNDP, UNESCO, IFIs, CGIAR |
M - by ensuring exchange of information and experience, sensitization of IFIs and donors to support implementation of sound policies |
policy framework for responsible fisheries (cf. also D1) |
UN, IGOs (regional fisheries organizations), CSOs |
M - to discuss technological solutions and trade practices compatible with responsible fisheries objectives |
policy and institutional mechanisms to regulate agricultural resource and input use |
UN and ACC partners, private sector, CSOs and environmental NGOs, IPU |
M - to promote appropriate national regulatory frameworks |
support to adjustments of trade regimes |
IGOs (WTO) |
S - to assist countries from the perspective of agriculture (studies, analyses, training) |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
priority needs for sustainable agriculture |
UN, IFIs, CGIAR, CSOs, bilateral programmes |
L - in drawing lessons from experience, testing of hypotheses |
establishing more efficient land markets |
UN, CGIAR, CSOs |
S - in promoting exchanges of information and experiences, joint studies |
support to fisheries management systems |
IFIs, CGIAR, IGOs (regional fisheries organizations), CSOs |
S - in the exchange of information, provision of advice |
competitiveness of agricultural commodities |
UN, CFC and other IGOs, CSOs, private sector |
S - in the formulation of projects (CFC financing) |
complementarity of forest policies with other sectors |
IFIs, CGIAR, regional organizations |
S - to assist countries in dovetailing forest policy with more general policies |
adequate agricultural support services, diversification and specialization of production, farm and agro-business efficiency |
UN, UNDP, CGIAR, CSOs and private |
M - to work on problem identification and resolution, and with national/local institutions on implementation |
approaches to improved marketing of farm produce in response to changing consumption patterns; peri-urban agriculture |
CGIAR, CSOs, private sector |
M - to assist on developing approaches and measures |
diagnostic tools for rural development and decentralization |
UN (Members of ACC network), IFIs, CGIAR, NGOs |
M - for problem identification, testing of tools, dissemination of experiences |
institutional mechanisms for the rural sector |
UN, IFAD, IFIs, CSOs |
M - for joint production of materials, exchange of experiences |
improving efficiency of fisheries and aquaculture activity |
IGOs (regional fisheries organizations), CSOs, private sector |
M - for joint assessment of more appropriate technologies |
technologies and methodologies for knowledge management related to sustainable forestry |
UN, IGOs, CGIAR, IFIs, bilateral programmes, CSOs |
L & S - to promote exchange of experience, harmonization of approaches and definitions, and support by IFIs and donors |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
intensification of production through choice of economically viable and sustainable technologies |
UN, CGIAR, IFIs, CSOs, private sector, bilateral programmes |
L & S- in synthetizing, testing and disseminating technologies, approaches and decision support tools |
enhanced technologies for sustainable fisheries |
IGOs (Regional fisheries organizations), CGIAR, CSOs |
M - to carry out joint assessments |
seeking greater efficiency of the agribusiness production and commercialisation chain |
UN, private sector |
M - for feasibility assessments for agribusiness establishment |
improving the research-production link |
UN, UNESCO, CGIAR, IFIs, CSOs |
M - through various means (host of NARS Secretariat, networks, joint evaluation studies, etc..) |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
farmer-identified land and water management practices |
CGIAR, WMO, CSOs (farmers groups) |
M - to facilitate interdisciplinary work to synthesize, test and disseminate practices for adoption |
balancing conflicting demands on forests through participatory forest resource management |
CSOs and partners of the Forest, Trees and People programme, IFIs, bilateral programmes, NGOs |
M - to catalyse action and disseminate lessons from successful experiences |
implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries |
IFIs, IGOs (regional fisheries organizations and agreements), NGOs |
L & S - to ensure human and financial resources flows to responsible fisheries and aquaculture management |
genetic resources management and threats to biodiversity |
UN, CGIAR, IFIs, CSOs, donors |
M - in providing guidance on multidisciplinary policies and activities that impinge on food production and food security, monitoring implementation of GPA on PGRFA |
capacity-building for impact assessments (for sustainability) |
UN, UNDP, ACC-Water Resources, IFIs, bilateral programmes, CSOs |
M - to organize technical exchanges and seek donor support |
integrated fisheries resource management |
CGIAR, IFIs and donors, CSOs |
M - for building awareness, supporting exchanges, seeking donor support |
integrated management of natural resources for agriculture |
UN, CGIAR, CSOs, bilateral programmes |
M - in joint development of strategies and their implementation |
knowledge management related to sustainable land management |
WB, IFAD, IGOs, CSOs, CGIAR, bilateral programmes |
M - to promote exchange of experience, harmonization of approaches and donor support |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
reflection of pertinent social, economic and environmental issues in agricultural policy |
UN, UNEP, WB, UNDP, IFIs |
L & M - to sensitize partners about the need to incorporate the appropriate factors in policy analysis and formulation as they affect agriculture, fisheries and forestry |
holistic and balanced land and water use policies and strategies |
UN, UNDP, ACC-Water Resources, IFAD, WB, UNEP, CGIAR, CSOs |
M & S - in evaluating, developing and promoting land and water use policies and strategies |
integration of sustainability concerns into work of NARS and allied institutions |
UN, IFIs, CSOs (involved with education and extension systems) |
M - to promote conceptual and practical application efforts at country level, information exchange, and seek external financial support |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
further development of WAICENT |
UN, CGIAR, donor community (besides national sources) |
L - in the development and dissemination of access tools, support to enhanced Internet connectivity, exchanges of data and information, capacity-building for data collection and validation and financial assistance with donor support |
expansion of FAO specialized data systems feeding into WAICENT (agriculture, fisheries, forestry, food and nutrition, gender, pertinent aspects of sustainable development, etc...) |
UN, UNEP, UNESCO, WMO, IFIs, IGOs, CGIAR, organizations partners of FIVIMS, etc.. |
L & S- to ensure continued information sharing |
enhancement of standards, norms and statistical methodology |
UN, IGOs, NGOs and CSOs, bilateral programmes |
S - on matters relating to food and nutrition, and agriculture (including forestry, fisheries and natural resources) |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
periodic assessments of the state of agriculture and nutrition, commodity developments, state of fisheries and forestry resources |
UN, UNEP, UNESCO, WMO, WB, IFAD, IFIs, bilateral programmes, CGIAR, IGOs (e.g. international commodity bodies or regional fisheries organizations), CSOs |
L - in terms of consultations, exchange of information, validation of hypotheses, experience with modelling, etc... |
medium-term outlook and longer-term perspectives studies |
UN, CGIAR, IGOs, donor research centres |
L & M - in ensuring exchange of data, methods and models, collaboration on selected issues and assessments |
forest sector outlook studies |
UN/ECE, WB, Regional Banks, European Commission, CGIAR, IGOs |
L & M - with funding contribution from partners |
assessment of the implications of technical and scientific developments on agricultural trade |
UN, IGOs, CSOs |
S - by dovetailing of analytical work, consultations |
trend analysis of key factors in agricultural resource management |
CGIAR, IFIs, CSOs, donor research centres |
M - to apply its global perspective to analysis and interpretation of key factors and call attention of partners to areas needing further attention |
trend analysis of key factors in sustainable development |
UN, IFIs, IGOs, members of ACC network on rural development and food security at local level |
M - for exchange of information and experiences, joint studies |
Area |
Potential Partners |
Nature of collaboration |
monitoring of implementation of the World Food Summit Plan of Action, promoting exchange of experience |
all organizations involved in the various reporting streams to the Committee on World Food Security (see also FIVIMS under A-2 and E-1) |
L - in maintaining continuing contacts;
|
servicing of the ACC network on Rural Development and Food Security (in close cooperation with IFAD and WFP) |
UN (members of the network and, at country level, thematic group members) CSOs and donor representatives |
L - to animate thematic groups at country level under the aegis of UN Resident Coordinator |
strengthened partnerships in implementing various provisions of the WFS Plan of Action |
in addition to those mentioned above, the UNHCHR, IPU and others |
M & S - in promoting contribution by all actors to WFS Follow-up |