Appendix B: Questionnaires

No. 1: Species data questionnaire
No. 2: Village level questionnaire
No. 3: Market survey
No. 4: Seasonal calendar

No. 1: Species data questionnaire

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One questionnaire should be filled out for each species that meets one of the following criteria:

· indigenous species currently used by local people,
· species which have a minimum of three currently used products (end uses),
· indigenous species which are highly valued by local people or are threatened,
· species for which the end uses have no substitute,
· local species that have the potential for more intense cultivation.

Town/Village: ______________________________ Region: __________________
LATIN NAME: ______________________________________________________
Common name(s): ____________________________________________________
Local name(s): _______________________________________________________

1. SPECIES STATUS Indigenous Yes/No Introduced Yes/No Date: ____________

2. DISTRIBUTION Locally Distributed/Widespread/Endangered/Threatened

3. DENDROLOGY Striking Characteristics: _______________________________
____________________________________________________________________

4. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Site Requirements:
Rainfall: ________________ mm/year over ___________ months _______________
Temperature: from ____________________ to ______________________________
Soils: _______________________________________________________________
Light: Demanding/Tolerant/Shade
Influential Factors: ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
(slope, aspect...)
Currently Planted: Yes/No If Yes: _______________________________________
Type of Planting:

Block Planting/Agroforestry/Homestead Planting/Strip Plantations/Production Forestry/
Community Forestry/Others (__________________________________________)
Indicate Spacing if Applicable: ________________________________________

Has Management System Been Developed? Yes/No Describe:
____________________________________________________________________

Establishment/Growth Success indicators: (give range) ________________________
Growth (MAI): ____________________ m³/ha/yr ___________________________
Survival Rate: _______________________ % ______________________________
Resistance to Pest/Disease (specify): ______________________________________
Resistance to Drought: Yes/No Consecutive Months: _________________________
Resistance to Fire: Yes/No
Influential Growth Factors: ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Limitations to Planting (identify constraints): ________________________________

Propagation
Means of Propagation: Seeds/Cuttings/Stumps/Grafting/Other __________________
Seeds Available: Yes/No
Origin:

Imported: ________________________________________________________
Local Collection: __________________________________________________
Local Sources: ____________________________________________________

Varieties: (HVY) ____________________ Seeds/kg: ________________________
Others _____________________________________________________________
Germination Rate: ______________ % Germination Period: __________________
Seed Treatment: _____________________________________________________
Seedling Raising Constraints: ___________________________________________

5. ECONOMIC USES OF SPECIES

Range of Uses for Species:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

For the Principal Uses Indicate:

USE #1: ___________________________________________________________

Product is: self-consumed/traded locally/traded nationally/traded internationally
Market prices (values) are defined: well/partially/not at all/locally/nationally
Marketing/distribution systems are: non-existent/partially developed/well-developed
If well-developed, describe:
___________________________________________________________________

Is value added to products? yes/no
Processing type: family/artisan/industry
Explain:
___________________________________________________________________

Preservation/conservation: raw/processed - Indicate techniques used:
___________________________________________________________________

Substitutes for product: do not exist/exist (specify):
___________________________________________________________________

Importance of product in day-to-day life (frequency of use, dependency on product):
___________________________________________________________________

Constraints to expanding uses of species (if species has multiple uses, which uses are not developed and why?):
___________________________________________________________________

USE #2: ____________________________________________________________

Product is: self-consumed/traded locally/traded nationally/traded internationally
Market prices (values) are defined: well/partially/not at all/locally/nationally
Marketing/distribution systems are: non-existent/partially developed/well developed
If well-developed, describe:
___________________________________________________________________

Is value added to products? yes/no
Processing type: family/artisan/industry
Explain:
___________________________________________________________________

Preservation/conservation: raw/processed - Indicate techniques used:
___________________________________________________________________

Substitutes for product: do not exist/exist (specify):
___________________________________________________________________

Importance of product in day-to-day life (frequency of use, dependency on product):
___________________________________________________________________

Constraints to expanding uses of species (if species has multiple uses, which uses are not developed and why?):
___________________________________________________________________

USE #3: ____________________________________________________________

Is value added to products? Yes/No
Processing type: family/artisan/industry
Explain:
___________________________________________________________________

Preservation/conservation: raw/processed - Indicate techniques used:
___________________________________________________________________

Substitutes for product: do not exist/exist (specify):
___________________________________________________________________

Importance of product in day-to-day life (frequency of use, dependency on product):
___________________________________________________________________

Constraints to expanding uses of species (if species has multiple uses, which uses are not developed and why?):
___________________________________________________________________

NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

No. 2: Village level questionnaire

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING VILLAGE QUESTIONNAIRE

Please begin each interview by asking the person if you may discuss tree species of local importance and of importance to their family. Explain that the information is for a study and that their responses will only be used for research purposes and that they should feel free to speak openly. Inform the respondents that you have approximately 20 specific questions you would like to ask, but that they should feel free to elaborate on any point that they would like. Explain what the purpose of the study is and how their responses will be used. Thank them for their willingness to help and for their time.

1. Try to get a general understanding of the village dynamics before beginning each interview. This can be achieved by speaking with a small (or large if it seems appropriate) group to determine how certain activities, words, and concepts are defined by a particular village.
A minimum of 5 individuals should be interviewed in each village. This sample should be half women, and of the ten at least half should be older people in the village who have a memory of village activities over the years.
2. When interviewing women try to ensure that they can talk freely and do not feel inhibited by the situation. In many cases it will be better to talk with women outside the presence of men.
3. When recording any numbers make sure you include the appropriate units. For example: TSH per kilogram; m³ per hectare per year, kilograms per month.
4. When recording names of tree species in the local language, verify the spelling, try to get any other names it might be called, and try to get a sample of the leaves if possible. Keep in mind that the local name must be matched with the Latin name.
5. Before leaving the village verify the responses of individuals in a group discussion that includes village elders, women, men and any local experts.
6. Try to stick to the topic of tree species and their uses, the value of certain products and species to families and specifically, which members of the family, which season these products are harvested in, the relative importance of these products compared to other products that are either produced or collected, and any information on quantities of products harvested. Please record any local stories, beliefs, etc. about the species mentioned.
7. Record precisely what part of the tree is used for a specific purpose.
For example: with species X, leaves are used for fodder for goats, roots are ground into a powder and used as medicine for stomach problems, branches are used for fuelwood, and main stems for poles.
8. Try to develop a seasonal calendar with each village to determine what products are harvested at what time of year and for how many weeks or months the product is available. Record how many kilograms (or the appropriate units) are produced or collected during this time and whether the products are used to meet family needs or are sold.

No. 2: Village Level Questionnaire

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# ___________

TRIBE ___________________

1. Town/Village: _____________________ Region: _______________________

2. Number of respondents: _______ 3. Gender of respondents: ________________

4. Where do trees and shrubs occur in the landscape?

home compound/pastures/woodlots/forests/property boundaries/roads/water
holes/fallowland/cropland/riverbanks/other ________________________________

5 . What are the predominant species in the areas mentioned above?

SPECIES WHERE

SPECIES WHERE

indigenous _____________________

fast growing ____________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

6. Has anyone in your household ever planted trees? Yes/No

Where did you get the seedlings? _______________________________________

7. Tree planting was done by: women/men/children/men and women/family

8. When were trees first planted? year ___________________________________

9. Where were trees planted? around house/around shamba boundary/in shamba/private plot/school tree project/church project/forest division project/other __________________________

10. What type of trees did you plant?

11. Why did you plant these species?

12. Did your parents or grandparents plant trees when they were children? Yes/No

What type of trees did they plant?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

SPECIES PREFERENCES AND USES
(For the next questions differentiate for men and women if mixed interview)

13. What are the highest priority uses (products/services) of local trees?

use ____________________________ species ____________________________
use ____________________________ species ____________________________
use ____________________________ species ____________________________
use ____________________________ species ____________________________
use ____________________________ species ____________________________

14. What species do you prefer for:

SEASON AND QUANTITY

WHO USES/CONTROLS PRODUCT

IS IT SELF CONSUMED/SOLD

fuelwood _______________________________________________________
charcoal _______________________________________________________
poles __________________________________________________________
construction ____________________________________________________
timber _________________________________________________________
domestic uses/tools ______________________________________________
furniture ________________________________________________________
medicines ______________________________________________________
food ___________________________________________________________
drink fruit _______________________________________________________
resins/gums ____________________________________________________
fodder _________________________________________________________
oils/dyes _______________________________________________________
land improvement ________________________________________________
fencing ________________________________________________________
crafts __________________________________________________________
roots/thorns _____________________________________________________
honey _________________________________________________________
other __________________________________________________________

15. Which species are most important for meeting the family's daily needs. Are there readily available substitutes for these species?

SPECIES

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE

USES AND BY WHOM

LENGTH OF SEASON

AVAILABLE SUBSTITUTES

16. Which products are now purchased that used to be self-produced?

SPECIES

PRODUCT

17. Which species (indicate uses) are, or were important to your family but are now very difficult to find or have disappeared?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

18. Marketing of Tree Products

For all tree products that are sold for cash indicate who sells the product, major marketing channels (barter, direct sale in village, regional market, sale to local or outside traders, cooperatives, marketing boards, processing enterprises), form of marketed product and constraints to marketing.

PRODUCT/ SPECIES

SELLER

MARKETING CHANNEL/ PERSON WHO CONTROLS INCOME

PRICE(TSH/UNIT)/
FORM

QUANTITY/ SEASON

CONSTRAINTS

19. Which local species are actively managed, preserved, planted or regenerated? How is it organized?

SPECIES

ACTIVITY

20. Are seeds collected?

SPECIES

FROM WHERE

END USE

COMMENTS:

No. 3: Market survey

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# _____________

TRIBE ________________________

1. Town/Village: _________________ Region: ___________________________

2. Population: ______________________________________________________

3. Profession of respondent: ___________________________________________

4. Gender of respondent: ______________________________________________

5. What tree products are sold for cash in the market?

PRODUCT

SPECIES

PRICE (TSH/UNIT)

SOLD

SEASON

1 _________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
3 _________________________________________________________________
4 _________________________________________________________________
5 _________________________________________________________________
6 _________________________________________________________________
7 _________________________________________________________________
8 _________________________________________________________________
9 _________________________________________________________________
10 ________________________________________________________________
11 ________________________________________________________________
12 ________________________________________________________________

6. For all tree products mentioned above indicate who sells product to market retailer and their gender, major marketing channels, form of marketed product and constraints to marketing.

PRODUCT/ SPECIES

SELLER/ GENDER

MARKETING CHANNEL

FORM

CONSTRAINTS

7. What is the major mode of transportation for bringing goods to the market?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

8. Are there any legal or policy constraints which limit the supply of any of the above products?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

9. Are there any factors which affect the demand for any of the above mentioned products?

No. 4: Seasonal calendar

Village Level Questionnaire
Seasonal Calendar for Harvesting/Collecting Forest Products

Indicate what products are harvested per season, the length of season, quantity harvested per season, and market price for product.

PRODUCT/SPECIES
QUANTITY/PRICE

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

DEC

1 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
3 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
4 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
5 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
6 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
7 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
8 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
9 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
10 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
11 _____________________________________________________________________________________________

ALBIZIA PETERSIANA

SPECIES WHERE	SPECIES WHERE
indigenous _____________________	fast growing ____________________
______________________________	______________________________
______________________________	______________________________
______________________________	______________________________