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Appendix. Useful conversion factors

Length:

1 centimetre

=

0.3937 inches

1 inch

=

2.54 centimetres

1 metre

=

1.0936 yards

=

3.2808 feet

=

39.370 inches

1 kilometre

=

0.6214 miles

1 mile

=

1.6093 kilometres

Area:

1 hectare

=

10 000 square metres

=

0.1 square kilometres

=

2.471 acres

=

11 960 square yards

1 acre

=

0.4047 hectares

=

4 047 square metres

=

4 840 square yards

=

43 450 square feet

1 square kilometre

=

0.3861 square miles

=

100 hectares

=

247.1 acres

1 square mile

=

2.5898 square kilometres

=

254.98 hectares

=

640 acres

Volume:

1 litre

=

1 000 millilitres

=

61.026 cubic inches

=

0.21998 imperial gallons

=

0.26418 U.S. gallons

1 imperial gallon

=

4.5460 litres

=

1.20096 U.S. gallons

1 U.S. gallon

=

0.83267 imperial gallons

=

3.78528 litres

1 U.S. barrel

=

42 U.S. gallons

=

34.972 imperial gallons

=

0.15899 cubic metres

Energy:

1 kilowatt

=

1.3405 horsepower

1 horsepower

=

0.746 kilowatts

1 kilojoule

=

0.2389 kilogram calories

=

0.948 British thermal units (BTU)

=

0.001 megajoules

=

0.00027778 kilowatt hours

1 kilowatt hour

=

3 412 British thermal units

=

1.34 horsepower hours

=

3 600 kilojoules

=

3.6 megajoules

Prefix table:

1012

tera

T

109

giga

G

106

mega

M

103

kilo

k

102

hecto

h

101

deca

da

Heating Value: (See conversion factors to calculate values in other units)

Fuel

High Heating Value KJ/Kg

Green wood*

15 000

Dry wood*

19 000

Charcoal

31 000

Coke

30 000

Bituminous coal

27 000

Fuel oil

44 000

Kerosene

46 000

wood tar

20 000

Natural gas

45 000

Producer gas

5 000

Wood retort gas

6 000

* Influence of moisture on heating value of wood:
Net heating value (MJ/kg) = 19 000 - 220 M where M is moisture content in percentage of total weight.

1 cubic metre

1 000 litres

=

35.3148 cubic feet

=

1.30795 cubic yards

=

219.97 imperial gallons

=

264.18 U.S. gallons

=

6.290 U.S. barrels

1 m³ solid

=

750 kg. fuelwood with 40% moisture

Mass:

1 kilogram

=

2.2046-pounds

=

1 000 grams

1 pound

=

453.592 grams

=

0.4536 kilograms

1 ton, English

=

2 240 pounds

=

1 016.05 kilograms

=

1.01605 tonnes (metric tons)

=

1.12 U.S. tons

=

20 hundred weight (cwt)

1 tonne

=

1 000 kilograms

=

0.98421 tons (English)

=

1.10231 U.S. tons

=

2 204.62 pounds

1 U.S. ton

=

2 000 pounds

=

17.8572 hundred weight (cwt)

=

907.184 kilograms

=

0.907184 tonnes

=

0.89286 tons (English)

Density:

Bulk density of commercial charcoal

= 250 to 300 kilograms per cubic metre

Approx. weight of a stacked metre (stere) of:


- Plantation grown radiata pine (partly seasoned)

= 550 to 650 kilograms

- Plantation grown Eucalypt wood (partly seasoned)

= 600 to 700 kilograms

- Medium density tropical hardwood (partly seasoned)

= 700 to 800 kilograms

- Dense tropical hardwood

= 900 kilograms


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