Dalia pectoralis BEAN: DMBRIDAE
Danio malabaricus (JERDON): CYPRINIDAE
Dorosoma petenense (GUNTHER): CLUPEIDAE
Eriocheir sinensis M.EDW.: CRUSTACEA; POTAMIDAE
Esox lucius (L.): ESOCIDAE
Etroplus suratensis (BLOCH): CICHLIDAE
Fundulus grandis BAIRD and GIRARD: CYPRINODONTIDAE
Fundulus zebrinus JORDAN and GILBERT: CYPRINODONTIDAE
Gambusia affinis BAIRD and GIRARD: POECILIIDAE
Gambusia dominicensis REGAN: POECILIIDAE
Geophagus brasiliensis (QUOY and GRIMARD): CICHLIDAE
Geophagus surinamensis BLOCK: CICHLIDAE
Gila bicolor (GIRARD): CYPRINIDAE
Gila orcutti (EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN): CYPRINIDAE
Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (BOULENGER): CHARACIDAE
Helostoma temmincki KUHL and VAN HASSELT: ANABANTIDAE
Hemibarbus maculatus BLEEKER: CYPRINIDAE
Hemichromis bimaculatus GILL: CICHLIDAE
Hemiculter eigenmanni (JORDAN and METZ): CYPRINIDAE
Hemiculter leucisculus (BASILEWSKI): CYPRINIDAE
Heterotis niloticus (EHRENBERG): OSTEOGLOSSIDAE
Hoplias malabaricus (BLOCH): ERYTHRINIDAE
Hucho hue ho L.: SALMONIDAR
Hypomesus transpacificus nipponensis MCALLISTER: OSMERIDAE
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (VALENCIENNES): CYPRINIDAE
Hypostomus spp. LORICARIIDAE
Hypseleotris swinhonis (GUNTHER): ELEOTRIDAE
Native range: Arctic and sub-arctic rivers of Alaska
The Alaska blackfish is an anomaly in chat it is the only freshwater species occurring in Alaska that does not also occur in Canada. In Alaska this arctic species served as a traditional source of food for local populations and their dogs. One attempt to introduce the species into Ontario was unsuccessful which was surprising due to its hardiness in its native range.
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North America |
|
|
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To: Canada |
From: Alaska |
Year: 1956 |
|
Reason: Angling in poorly oxygenated waters |
Reproducing: No | |
|
Comments: Disappeared during first winter. | ||
Native range: West Coast India, Sri Lanka
The largest of the Danio species the giant danio is part of contemporary tropical aquarium fish trade and as such has been widely transported around the world. Its appearance in Colombia was probably due to release from an aquarium and is unlikely to be unique. Further reports from other tropical countries can be anticipated.
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South and Central America | ||
|
To: Colombia |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Ornament |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
Native range: Atlantic coast of North America
The threadfin shad is a small clupeid with wide habitat tolerances within the warm temperate waters of Eastern North America. The species undergoes population explosions in reservoirs which have caused it to be branded a pest. However its small size makes it an ideal forage species and it has been introduced into reservoirs outside its native range in North America, as well as elsewhere, to serve that function.
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Oceania | ||
|
To: Hawaii |
From: California |
Year: 1958 |
|
Reason: Stocking reservoirs |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Established on Kauai and Oahu Islands (Maciolek, 1984). | ||
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South and Central America | ||
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To: Puerto Rico |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: 1963 |
|
Reason: Forage |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
Native range: Rivers and lakes of China
The Chinese or mitten crab was probably introduced into European inland waters in the ballast water of ships docking at Bremen. It first appeared in the Aller River, West Germany, diffused rapidly through the Rhine and Elbe watersheds and penetrated to other North European countries through canals and river connections. The species is considered a delicacy in its native range but is a pest in Europe where its habit of burrowing into river banks and attacking fish caught in fishing gear causes a nuisance.
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Europe | ||
|
To: Austria |
From: Germany F.R. |
Year: 1927 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: Belgium |
From: Netherlands |
Year: 1932 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: Denmark |
From: Germany F.R. |
Year: 1934 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: France |
From: Belgium |
Year: 1943 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: Germany |
From: Germany F.R. |
Year: 1927 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: Netherlands |
From: Germany F.R. |
Year: 1927 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: Poland |
From: Germany D.R. |
Year: 1927 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: Switzerland |
From: Austria |
Year: 1930 |
|
Reason: Diffusion through natural waterways |
Reproducing: Yes | |
Native range: North America, North Asia and Europe excluding Ireland, Italy and Spain
The common pike is a popular sporting fish in much of temperate Europe and North America where it is appreciated for its fighting qualities. The pike is stocked into waters within its native range to maintain sport fisheries, although the usefulness of this practice has been questioned (Grimm, 1982). The species has been introduced to a number of countries but with indifferent success.
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Africa | ||
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To: Madagascar |
From: France |
Year: 1951, 1958 |
|
Reason: Fisheries |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
Comments: Disappeared. | ||
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To: Morocco |
From: France |
Year: 1934 |
|
Reason: Sport |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
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To: Tunisia |
From: France |
Year: 1966 |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Uganda |
From: Israel |
Year: 1960's |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Not known |
|
|
Europe | ||
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To: Ireland |
From: U.K. |
Year: 13-14 Century |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Regarded as detrimental to trout and salmon but good angling. | ||
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To: Spain |
From: France |
Year: 1949 |
|
Reason: To fill a vacant niche |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Regarded as an important gain as no native predator exists. | ||
Native range: Sri Lanka - brackish waters
Originally an inhabitant of brackish waters this tropical cichlid adapted readily to the freshwater tanks of Sri Lanka where it formed the basis for capture fisheries. It has been transported to other countries in Asia and Africa but the success of the introductions is generally unknown.
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Africa | ||
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To: Mauritius |
From: Sri Lanka |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Unknown |
|
|
Asia | ||
|
To: India |
From: Sri Lanka |
Year: 1950 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture and stocking lakes |
|
Reproducing: Yes |
|
Comments: Successfully introduced to fresh waters where it has proved useful for stocking lakes. | ||
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To: Indonesia |
From: Malaysia |
Year: 1979 |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Malaysia |
From: Sri Lanka |
Year: 1975 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Not known |
|
Native range: Texas, North America
A large cyprinodont the Texas killie requires relatively cool brackish waters for survival. Its failure to reappear after its introduction to Hawaii is possibly indicative of inappropriate conditions in the host water body.
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Oceania | ||
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To: Hawaii |
From: Texas |
Year: 1905 |
|
Reason: Ornament |
Reproducing: Unknown |
|
|
Comments: The fate of this introduction is uncertain although no breeding populations have been recorded. | ||
Native range: Central U.S.A. from N.E. Montana to Texas
A small cyprinodont which can withstand considerable variations in temperature with season. Although not native to Mexico the natural range of this fish extends very close to the border with the U.S. Thus the only recorded introduction of this species represents an extension southwards of its natural range.
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North America | ||
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To: Mexico |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Probably by release of excess bait |
Reproducing: Yes | |
Native range: Southern U.S.A. and Northern Mexico
The aptly named mosquito fish is one of the species with the widest range of introductions. The species has been transported to every continent to. control mosquitos and has thus acquired a near pan-global distribution. Its extreme tolerance of low as well as high temperatures and of low dissolved oxygen conditions has favoured its establishment over. wide range of climatic conditions. The success of this species in controlling mosquitos has been the subject of mud debate (see for example Gerberich and Laird, 1968). The use of biological vector controls waned with the introduction of pesticides, but recent ecological concern as to the effect! of such bio-toxins has led to a renewed interest in biological control.
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Africa | ||
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To: Central African Republic |
From: Unknown | |
|
Year: 1958 |
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
To: Egypt |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1929 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: No evident effect on mosquitos. | ||
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To: Ghana |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Unknown |
|
|
To: Ivory Coast |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Unknown |
|
|
To: Madagascar |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: 1929 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
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To: South Africa |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Not known | |
|
To: Sudan |
From: Italy |
Year: 1929 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Zimbabwe |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: 1925 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
To: Hungary |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1939 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Not known |
|
|
Comments: Populations have persisted in two thermally heated ponds. | ||
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To: Italy |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: 1919-21 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Widespread and successful. | ||
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To: Yugoslavia |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1927 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Widespread and useful. | ||
|
Middle East | ||
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To: Israel |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1920's |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Has spread throughout the country and is common; possibly competes with native Aphanius mento. | ||
|
North America | ||
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To: Canada |
From: California |
Year: 1924 |
|
Reason: Accidental release from aquaria |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: A population was established in a hot spring in Banff National Park, Alberta and survives to date. Introductions into other parts of the country have been winter killed. | ||
|
Oceania | ||
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To: American Samoa |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Australia |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Established in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland (MacKinnon, 1987). | ||
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To: Cook Islands |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Federated States of Micronesia |
From: Unknown | |
|
Year: Unknown |
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
To: Fiji |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1930s |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
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To: Guam |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Hawaii |
From: Texas |
Year: 1905 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Widely diffused in all islands. | ||
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To: Kiribati |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Established on Line Islands and Marshall Islands | ||
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To: New Zealand |
From: Australia, Hawaii Year: 1930 | |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Intermittent but locally abundant* | ||
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To: Northern Mariana Islands |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Papua New Guinea |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1930 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Possibly harmful to local species: Of little value for malaria control. | ||
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To: Tahiti |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Western Samoa |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
South and Central America | ||
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To: Argentina |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1943 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
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To: Bolivia |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: eats fry of other fishes. | ||
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To: Chile |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1937 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
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To: Peru |
From: Central America |
Year: 1940 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
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To: Puerto Rico |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: 1914 |
|
Reason: Mosquito control |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
Native Range: Haiti and Dominica Republic
A small ornamental species the Domingo gambusia is more warmth loving than G. affinis and thus unlikely to achieve the widespread distribution of that species. It has been diffused around the world by the aquarium fish trade, but has so far been recorded only from Australia.
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Oceania | ||
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To: Australia |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Established only in Northern Territory | ||
Native range: Eastern Brazil
The pearl cichlid is a large (28cn) tropical species moderately popular with aquarists.
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North America | ||
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To: U.S.A. |
From: Brazil |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Accidental release from aquaria |
Reproducing: Unknown | |
Native range: Amazon, basin and Guianas
A large (24 cm) tropical ornamental species that is sometimes transported to other countries through the aquarium trade and in this manner entered the United States. As with many other Geophagus species the fish is also caught by artisanal fisheries.
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North America | ||
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To: U.S.A. |
From: Brazil |
Year: Before 1982 |
|
Reason: Accidental release from aquaria |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: One reproducing population of this species was found in a canal in Dade County, Florida. | ||
Native range: South Eastern U.S.A.
The tui chub is a large cyprinid inhabiting the Klamath, Lahontan and Columbia river systems where its habitats have been threatened by hydrological management schemes. In an attempt to preserve the species population have been transplanted within California and as far South as Mexico.
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South and Central America | ||
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To: Mexico |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: 1955 |
|
Reason: Species protection |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
Native range: Southeastern U.S.A.
The aroyo chub has a very restricted distribution in parts of Southern California. It is a threatened species because of habitat modifications around the Los Angeles area. The range of the fish has been artificially increased in California and Northern Mexico in an attempt to conserve the species.
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South and Central America | ||
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To: Mexico |
From: U.S.A. |
Year: 1955 |
|
Reason: Species protection |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
Native range: Mato Grosso
A small (5.5 cm) tropical aquarium fish, the black tetra is very popular with aquarists around the world. Although hardy its preference for acidic, soft waters and its relatively high temperature requirements make it unlikely that the species can be successfully introduced into areas whose natural conditions are overly different.
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South and Central America | ||
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To: Colombia |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Ornament |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
Native range: Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Greater Sunda Islands
The kissing gourami is a popular fish for aquaculture in the Southeast Asian region, where its resistance to low dissolved oxygen makes it ideal for rearing in waters of marginal value to most other species. The species has been introduced into islands of the Indo-Pacific outside its original range for this purpose. The kissing gourami is also a popular fish with aquarists and has been widely transported throughout the world as part of the trade in tropical ornamental species. As a result of escapes from aquaria the species has been reported from U.S.A. and Colombia but its successful establishment in other tropical waters is likely.
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Asia | ||
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To: Celebes |
From: Borneo |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Not known |
|
|
To: Indonesia, (Ball) |
From: Java |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Not known |
|
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To: Philippines |
From: Thailand |
Year: 1948 |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
To: Sri Lanka |
From: Thailand |
Year: 1951 |
|
Reason: To fill a vacant niche |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Once abundant but in decline. | ||
|
North America | ||
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To: U.S.A. |
From: Java |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Accidental release from aquaria |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Recorded only from Florida (Courtenay and Robins, 1973). | ||
|
South and Central America | ||
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To: Colombia |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Ornament |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
Native range: China, Korea, Japan and Amur River basin
The spotted steed (terminology of Berg, 1964) is a moderate sized (30 cm) cyprinid which prefers lakes and slow flowing potamonic river reaches. It is basically temperate but its wide north-south range indicates a considerable degree of thermal tolerance.
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Asia/Europe | |
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To: U.S.S.R. |
From: Yangtze R., China Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Accidentally introduced along with Chinese carps | |
|
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Partially displaced local species. Show more rapid growth and higher fecundity than under native conditions (ROSENTHAL, 1976). | |
Native range: Niger, Nile, Zaire and West African coastal rivers
The jewelfish is a small tropical cichlid moderately popular with aquarists.
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North America | ||
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To: Canada |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Release of aquarium fish |
Reproducing: No | |
|
Comments: Population reported from hot springs in Banff National Park, Alberta in 1976; has now disappeared. | ||
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To: U.S.A. |
From: West Africa |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Accidental release from aquaria |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Confined to Florida (Courtenay and Robins, 1973). | ||
Native range: China, Korea, Japan and Amur River basin
The Korean sharpbelly (terminology of Berg, 1964) is a small (14 cm) temperate cyprinid whose preferred habitats are lakes and the lower reaches of slow flowing rivers.
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Asia/Europe | |
|
To: U.S.S.R. |
From: Yangtze R., China Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Accidentally introduced along with Chinese carps | |
|
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Partially displaced local species. Show more rapid growth and higher fecundity than under native conditions (Rosenthal, 1976). | |
Native range: China, Korea, Japan and Amur River basin
The sharpbelly (terminology of Berg, 1964) is a medium sized (25 cm) cyprinid whose preferred habitats are lakes and the lower reaches of slow flowing rivers. Although basically temperate its wide north-south range indicates a considerable degree of thermal tolerance.
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Asia/Europe | |
|
To: U.S.S.R. |
From: Yangtze R., China Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Accidentally introduced along with Chinese carps | |
|
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Partially displaced local species. Show more rapid growth and higher fecundity than under native conditions (Rosenthal, 1976). | |
Native range: Senegal, Niger, Chart and Nile basins
Heterotis is a tropical species inhabiting lower reaches of rivers and their floodplains. Its auxiliary branchial air breathing organs enable it to survive in deoxygenated waters. The hardiness of this fish together with its great growth rate make it a candidate for aquaculture in Africa and it has been transported to a number of countries for this purpose. On the whole the species has given satisfactory results under culture. Escapees from ponds into the wild have also established populations which form the basis for fisheries.
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Africa | ||
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To: Central African Republic |
From: Cameroon | |
|
Year: 1956 |
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
Comments: Highly appreciated (Moreau, 1979). | ||
|
To: Congo |
From: Cameroon |
Year: 1950's |
|
Reason: Escape from aquaculture installations |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
To: Gabon |
From: Cameroon |
Year: 1950's |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Established in Ogooue R. | ||
|
To: Ivory Coast |
From: Cameroon |
Year: 1956 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Introduced into Ayami (1962) and Kossou (1971) reservoirs. | ||
|
To: Madagascar |
From: Cameroon |
Year: 1963 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture, escape |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Aquaculture and open water fisheries at low altitudes. | ||
|
To: Zaire |
From: Congo |
Year: 1966, 1969 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture, escape |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Found in Zaire R. and L. Tumba. | ||
Native range: Widespread in South America
This predatory species grows to a length of about 50 cm. Its capacity to resist high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen enables it to inhabit quiet pools and lakes especially on river floodplains.
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North America | ||
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To: U.S.A. |
From: South America |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Populations present until 1977 when may have been eliminated by cold spell. | ||
Native range: Rivers of the Danube basin
The huchen or Danube salmon is a highly prized sports fish whose numbers have declined so seriously in recent years as a result of ecological changes in the Danube that the species is listed as seriously endangered by Lelek (1980). Most introductions have been made into other river European basins in an attempt to conserve the species but with little success.
|
Africa | ||
|
To: Morocco |
From: Danube R. |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Successfully introduced into one locality in the Atlas mountains near Mekness. | ||
|
Europe | ||
|
To: Belgium |
From: Yugoslavia |
Year: 1954, 1960 |
|
Reason: Sport and control of Chondrostoma nasus |
Reproducing: No | |
|
Comments: Has disappeared. | ||
|
To: Sweden |
From: Yugoslavia |
Year: 1963 |
|
Reason: To fill a vacant niche |
Reproducing: No | |
|
Comments: Not successful. | ||
|
To: U.K. |
From: Danube |
Year: 1900s |
|
Reason: Sport |
Reproducing: No |
|
|
Comments: Unsuccessful (Wheeler and Maitland, 1973). | ||
|
North America | ||
|
To: Canada |
From: Czechoslovakia |
Year: 1968 |
|
Reason: Sport |
Reproducing: No |
|
|
Comments: Now thought to be extinct (Crossman, 1984). | ||
|
To: U.S.A. |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: No |
|
|
Comments: Unsuccessful. |
|
|
Native range: Hokkaido and Honshu islands and Korean peninsula
A small (15 cm) fresh and brackish water lacustrine species the Japanese smelt is famous as a delicacy in its native range.
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North America | ||
|
To: U.S.A. |
From: Japan |
Year: 1959 |
|
Reason: As forage fish for trout in lakes and reservoirs | ||
|
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Native range: China and Eastern Siberia
The silver carp is one of the Chinese group of carps which has been distributed throughout the world for aquaculture. The species is primarily planktonophage and is used widely in polyculture and also alone for the control of algal blooms. Like other Chinese carps silver carp do not normally breed outside their native rivers and stocks are maintained by artificial reproduction or by continual import of fry. Naturally breeding stocks have appeared in the Danube and, although breeding is not confirmed, wild fish have been collected from the Mississippi indicating that self-breeding communities become established outside the native range if conditions are right.
|
Africa | ||
|
To: Egypt |
From: Japan |
Year: 1962 |
|
Reason: Experiment |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Ethiopia |
From: Japan |
Year: 1975 |
|
Reason: Stocking |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Madagascar |
From: North Korea |
Year: 1982 |
|
Reason: Rearing trials in rice fields Reproducing: Artificially |
| |
|
To: Mauritius |
From: India |
Year: 1976 |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Rwanda |
From: Korea |
Year: 1979 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: South Africa |
From: Israel |
Year: 1975 |
|
Reason: To fill a vacant niche |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
Comments: (Schoonbee et al., 1978). |
| |
|
Asia | ||
|
To: Bangladesh |
From: Japan |
Year: 1969 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: India |
From: Hong Kong, Japan |
Year: 1959 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Indonesia |
From: Japan, Taiwan |
Year: 1964, 1969 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
Comments: Not established |
|
|
|
To: Korea |
From: Japan |
Year: 1963 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Malaysia |
From: China |
Year: 1800s |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
Comments: Widely cultured throughout Malaysia. | ||
|
To: Philippines |
From: China, Taiwan |
Year: 1964, 1968 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Sri Lanka |
From: China |
Year: 1948 |
|
Reason: To fill a vacant niche Reproducing: Artificially |
| |
|
To: Thailand |
From: China, Hong Kong |
Year: 1913 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Vietnam |
From: China |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
Comments: Widely used for stocking ponds. | ||
|
Europe | ||||
|
To: Belgium |
From: Yugoslavia |
Year: 1975 | ||
|
Reason: Control of aquatic blooms |
Reproducing: Artificially | |||
|
To: Cyprus |
From: Israel |
Year: 1976 | ||
|
Reason: Sport |
Reproducing: Artificially | |||
|
Comments: Useful for controlling planktonic blooms in irrigation ditches. | ||||
|
To: Czechoslovakia |
From: By diffusion of acclimatized fish | |||
|
Year: Unknown |
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes | ||
|
Comments: Breeds in the Danube R. and forms basis for a sport fishery. | ||||
|
To: France |
From: Hungary |
Year: 1975 | ||
|
Reason: Control of aquatic blooms |
Reproducing: Artificially | |||
|
To: Germany F.R. |
From: Hungary, China |
Year: 1964, 1970 | ||
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |||
|
To: Greece |
From: Poland |
Year: 1980 | ||
|
Reason: Establishment of wild population |
Reproducing: Artificially | |||
|
To: Hungary |
From: China |
Year: 1963, 1964 | ||
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Yes |
| ||
|
Comments: First spawned in natural waters 1973 in Tisza R. Since when stocks established in Danube R. and many lowland waters. | ||||
|
To: Netherlands |
From: Hungary |
Year: 1966 | ||
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Artificially | |||
|
To: Poland |
From: U.S.S.R. |
Year: 1965 | ||
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |||
|
To: Rumania |
From: By diffusion of acclimatized fish |
| ||
|
Year: Unknown |
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Yes | ||
|
Comments: Presumably present In Danube R. | ||||
|
To: Yugoslavia |
From: Rumania, Hungary, |
U.S.S.R. | ||
|
Year: 1963 |
Reproducing: Yes in Danube |
| ||
|
Reason: Aquaculture and control of phytoplankton blooms | ||||
|
Comments: Wild stocks presumably exist in the Danube R. | ||||
|
Middle East | ||
|
To: Israel |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1966 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
Comments: used extensively for polyculture with carp and stocked into natural waters. | ||
|
North America | ||
|
To: U.S.A. |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Candidate for release to the wild |
Reproducing: Unknown | |
|
Comments: Has escaped into open waters in Arkansas where it may compete with Ictiobus bubalus. Natural reproduction not confirmed. | ||
|
Oceania | ||
|
To: Fiji |
From: Malaysia |
Year: 1968 |
|
Reason: Pituitary donor |
Reproducing: Artificially |
|
|
Comments: Some escapes. | ||
|
To: New Zealand |
From: Unknown |
Year: 1969 |
|
Reason: Unknown |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
South and Central America | ||
|
To: Brazil |
From: Japan/China |
Year: 1968, 1979, 1982 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Costa Rica |
From: Taiwan P. China |
Year: 1976 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Cuba |
From: U.S.S.R. |
Year: 1967, 1978 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture and cultivation for commercial fisheries | ||
|
Reproducing: Artificially |
|
|
|
To: Dominican Republic |
From: Taiwan P. China |
Year: 1981 |
|
Reason: Fisheries and aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Honduras |
From: Taiwan P. China |
Year: 1976 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
To: Mexico |
From: China |
Year: 1965 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture and control of aquatic blooms | ||
|
Reproducing: Artificially | ||
|
To: Panama |
From: Taiwan P. China |
Year: 1978 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
|
Comments: Very useful fast growth. | ||
|
To: Peru |
From: Panama |
Year: 1979 |
|
Reason: Aquaculture |
Reproducing: Artificially | |
Native range: South and Central America
Hypostomus species belong to a group of armoured catfishes known as 'viudas' (Spanish) or 'cascudos' (Portuguese). They resist desiccation and low oxygen concentrations but are also well adapted to torrents and thus are widely distributed throughout the waters of Latin America.
|
North America | ||
|
To: U.S.A. |
From: Unknown |
Year: Unknown |
|
Reason: Accidental release from aquaria |
Reproducing: Yes | |
|
Comments: Breeding populations of three unidentified species reported from Florida, Nevada and Texas (Courtenay and Hensley, 1980). | ||
Native range: China, Korea and Japan
A small freshwater eleotrid that was introduced accidentally with fry of Chinese carps collected from the wild.
|
Asia/Europe | |
|
To: U.S.S.R. |
From: Yangtze R., China Year: 1961 |
|
Reason: Accidentally introduced with Chinese carp fry | |
|
Reproducing: Yes |
|
|
Comments: Partially displaced local species in Tashkent where the species shows higher growth and fecundity than in its native habitat. | |
