Input-output and economic returns of the selected large pure fish polyculture, duck-fish and goose-fish farms, on a per-hectare basis, in HK$ (1978).
Polyculture | Duck-fish | Goose-fish | ||||
Fish operation | Fish operation | Duck rearing | Fish operation | Goose fattening | ||
A. | Production (kg) | 3,840 | 3,472 | 7,389 | 3,689 | 2,253 |
B. | Capital cost | |||||
1. Pond clearance | 1,016 | 806 | - | 313 | - | |
2. Construction | 139 | 348 | ||||
3. Store facilities | 247 | 300 | - | 242 | - | |
4. Equipment | 830 | 1,127 | 17 | 1,423 | 130 | |
Total | 2,093 | 2,233 | 156 | 1,978 | 478 | |
C. | Running cost | |||||
1. Rent | 1,547 | 4,725 | - | 1,739 | - | |
2. Fish fry/duckling/goose | 2,813 | 3,229 | 6,454 | 2,546 | 83,612 | |
3. Fertilizers & feeds | 11,250 | 4,167 | 43,030 | 8,696 | 29,189 | |
4. Pond/shed maintenance | 565 | 1,806 | 938 | 2,174 | 761 | |
5. Fuel & power | 475 | 1,000 | - | 652 | - | |
6. Disease control | 19 | - | 807 | 100 | 1,043 | |
7. Labor charge* | 4,219 | 1,000 | - | 1,096 | - | |
8. Road maintenance | 375 | 100 | - | 378 | - | |
9. Harvesting & transportation | 342 | 130 | - | 141 | 3,424 | |
10. Market services | 2,376 | 2,126 | - | 1,826 | - | |
Total | 23,981 | 18,283 | 51,229 | 19,348 | 118,029 | |
D. | Total costs = B + C | 26,074 | 20,516 | 51,385 | 21,326 | 118,507 |
E. | Gross earnings | 39,600 | 30,415 | 60,958 | 30,435 | 135,978 |
F. | Net earnings = E - D | 13,526 | 9,899 | 9,573 | 9,109 | 17,471 |
G. | Ratio of net earnings/total costs | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.15 |
H. | Ratio of net earnings/running costs | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.19 | 0.47 | 0.15 |
I. | Costs/earnings (HK$/kg) | |||||
1. Total costs | 6.79 | 5.91 | 6.95 | 5.78 | 52.60 | |
2. Gross earnings | 10.31 | 8.76 | 8.25 | 8.25 | 60.35 | |
3. Net earnings | 3.52 | 2.85 | 1.30 | 2.47 | 7.75 |
Annual inputs and returns for 3 integrated chicken-fish farms in Indonesia, excluding depreciation costs (unit of currency, Rupiah (Rp): US$ 1.00 = Rp 627).
Pond area (m2) | ||||
400 | 800 | 2,408 | ||
Fish | ||||
1. | Inputs | |||
pond construction | 880 | 22,000 | 44,000 | |
labor | 7,200 | 168,000 | 30,000 | |
fingerlings | 17,000 | 240,000 | 189,000 | |
feed | 21,900 | - | - | |
fertilizer | 10,600 | 1,800 | 8,100 | |
taxes | 400 | 800 | 2,400 | |
Total (A) | 57,980 | 432,600 | 273,500 | |
2. | Output (B) | 130,600 | 1,201,800 | 610,350 |
3. | Net return (B-A) | 72,620 | 769,200 | 336,850 |
4. | Rate of return as a | |||
% of A | 125 | 178 | 123 | |
Chickens | ||||
1. | Inputs | |||
chicken house | 38,280 | 110,000 | 11,000 | |
labor | 150,000 | 127,400 | 36,000 | |
stocking | 48,000 | 525,000 | 82,500 | |
feed | 985,500 | 1,521,450 | 40,590 | |
medication | - | 19,200 | - | |
Total (C) | 1,221,780 | 2,303,050 | 170,090 | |
2. | Output (D) | 1,773,000 | 3,585,000 | 247,500 |
3. | Net return (D - C) | 551,220 | 1,281,950 | 77,410 |
4. | Rate of return as a | |||
% of C | 45 | 56 | 46 | |
Fish + Chickens | ||||
1. | Total costs (A + C) | 1,279,760 | 2,735,650 | 443,590 |
2. | Total returns (B + D) | 1,903,600 | 4,786,800 | 857,850 |
3. | Total net returns | 623,840 | 2,051,150 | 414,260 |
4. | Total rate of return as a % of total costs | 49 | 75 | 93 |
Annual inputs and returns for 2 integrated duck-fish farms in Indonesia, excluding depreciation costs (unit of currency, Rupiah (Rp): US $1.00 = Rp 627).
Pond area (m2) | |||
4,200 (ducks kept on 900 m2 only) | 1,050 | ||
Fish | |||
1. | Inputs | ||
pond construction | 180,000 | 5,500 | |
labor | 61,000 | 36,500 | |
fingerlings | 162,000 | - | |
broodstock | - | 40,000 | |
feed | 20,000 | 8,100 | |
fertilizer | 10,950 | 8,640 | |
taxes | 4,200 | 1,050 | |
extra labor | 60,000 | - | |
Total (A) | 498,150 | 99,790 | |
2. | Output (B) | 940,950 | 248,640 |
3. | Net return (B - A) | 442,800 | 148,850 |
4. | Rate of return as a % of A | 89 | 149 |
Ducks | |||
1. | Inputs | ||
duck house | 4,400 | 1,000 | |
labor | 182,500 | 182,500 | |
ducklings | 50,000 | 6,000 | |
feed | 116,800 | 43,200 | |
Total (C) | 353,700 | 232,800 | |
2. | Output (D) | 447,500 | 610,000 |
3. | Net return (D - C) | 93,800 | 377,200 |
4. | Rate of return as a % of C | 27 | 162 |
Fish + Ducks | |||
1. | Total costs (A + C) | 851,850 | 332,590 |
2. | Total returns (B + D) | 1,388,450 | 858,640 |
3. | Total net returns | 536,600 | 526,050 |
4. | Total rate of return as a % of total costs | 63 | 158 |
Expenditure and Income for fish produced from a duck-fish integrated farming operation which commenced during Year-II of a 2-yr study of a single farm holding in Nepal (US$1 = Rs 12.25; 1 Doko = 15 kg).
Items | Unit | Year II | |||
Total land: 0.250 ha | |||||
Water surface: 0.175 ha | |||||
Total used or harvested | Unit price in Rs | Total cost or value in Rs | |||
Expenses | |||||
1. | Labor | man-days | 71 | 8 | 568.00 |
2. | Inputs | ||||
Fingerlings | No. | 400+400 | 8/20 | 112.00 | |
Manure | Doko | 100 | 2 | 200.00 | |
Fertilizer | kg | 50 | 2 | 100.00 | |
Feed for brood fish and fingerlings | kg | 500 | 2 | 1,000.00 | |
Other costs | Rs | - | - | 95.00 | |
Land rent | Rs | - | - | 345.00 | |
Land revenue | Rs | - | - | 40.00 | |
5Depreciation (10% on Rs 5000; % on Rs 3000) | Rs | - | - | 650.00 | |
Interest (16% on Rs 1000) | Rs | - | - | 1,280.00 | |
A. | Total cost | Rs | - | - | 4,470.00 |
Cost/ha | Rs | 17,880.00 | |||
Income | |||||
1. | Table fish | kg | 180 | 12 | 2,160.00 |
2. | Fingerlings | No. | 650 | 8 | 5,200.00 |
B. | Gross income | Rs | 7,360.00 | ||
Net profit* (B-A) | Rs | 2,890.00 | |||
Profit/ha | Rs | 11,560.00 |
* No valuation has been put on brood fish
Expenditure and income for ducks produced from a duck-fish integrated farming operation which commenced during Year-II of a 2-yr study of a single farm holding in Nepal (US$1 = Rs 12.25; 1 Doko = 15 kg).
Items | Unit | Year II | |||
Total water: 0.175 ha | |||||
Variety: Pekin | |||||
Total used or harvested | Unit price in Rs | Total cost or value in Rs | |||
Expenses | |||||
1. | Labor | man-days | 42 | 8 | 336.00 |
2. | Inputs | ||||
Ducklings | No. | 100 | 4 | 400.00 | |
Feed | kg | 280 | 2 | 560.00 | |
Other costs | |||||
Depreciation (5% on Rs 300) | 150.00 | ||||
Interest (16% on Rs 3000) | 480.00 | ||||
A. | Total cost | Rs | 1,926.00 | ||
Cost/ha | Rs | 11,006.00 | |||
Income | |||||
Table ducks | No. | 100 | 25 | 2,500.00 | |
B. | Gross income | Rs | 2,500.00 | ||
Net profit (B-A) | Rs | 574.00 | |||
Profit/ha | Rs | 3,280.00 |