FI:DP/MAL/77/008 Field Document 1 December 1982

MALAYSIA

A report prepared for the
Coastal Aquaculture Demonstration and Training Project

by

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
of Columbia University
Palisades, New York, USA

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1982

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3. FIELD GEOCHEMICAL DATA

4. AIR BUBBLING EXPERIMENTS

5. LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF POTENTIAL ACIDITY

6. COMPOSITION OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS

7. FIELD LEACHING EXPERIMENTS AND OTHER DATA

8. POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PYRITE OXIDATION AND WATER QUALITY DETERIORATION

8.1 Methods and Experimental Design
8.2 Water Without Sediment
8.3 Water over Pond Sediment
8.4 Microscopic Examinations

9. ACID BUDGET CALCULATIONS

10. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LIST OF TABLES

1. PRECIPITATION AT GELANG PATAH
2. GELANG PATAH - WATER ALKALINITIES AND TOTAL IRON
3. SUMMARY OF GELANG PATAH POND WATER NUTRIENT, SULFIDE AND MANGANESE MEASUREMENTS - NOVEMBER, DECEMBER 1981
4. SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATER COMPOSITION - POND 29 - CENTER
5. SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATER COMPOSITION - POND 29 - MARGIN
6. AIR BUBBLING EXPERIMENTS
7. CARBON DIOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURE CALCULATIONS
8. SOIL AND SEDIMENT POTENTIAL ACIDITY AFTER H₂O₂ OXIDATION VS. pH
9. PEROXIDE OXIDATION EXPERIMENTS
10. PYRITE ADDITION EXPERIMENTS
11. COMPUTED POTENTIAL ACIDITY AS A FUNCTION OF END POINT pH
12. GELANG PATAH - POND 29
13. OTHER AQUACULTURE SYSTEM DIKE SOILS
14. GELANG PATAH - MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES
15. EXCESS ACIDITY, SULPHUR AND IRON IN SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
16. LEACHING EXPERIMENTS
17. OTHER WATER SAMPLE ALKALINITIES
18. ALKALINITY (meq/^-1) AND pH OF INCUBATED POND WATER/SOIL LEACHATE MIXTURES
19. ESTIMATES OF TOTAL POTENTIAL ACIDITY IN DIKES OF GELANG PATAH AQUACULTURE SYSTEM
20. ESTIMATES OF RATES OF REMOVAL OF ACIDITY AT GELANG PATAH AQUACULTURE SYSTEM

LIST OF FIGURES

1. GELANG PATAH POND LAYOUT
2. GELANG PATAH WATER ALKALINITIES
3. GELANG PATAH WATER IRON CONCENTRATIONS (TOTAL)
4. SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATER POND 29 - CENTER
5. SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATER POND 29 - MARGIN
6. POTENTIAL ACIDITY VS. pH
7. GELANG PATAH WATER-SEDIMENT INCUBATION EXPERIMENTS