Field Document 2
April 1986
| FI:DP/MAL/79/018 Field Document 2 April 1986 |
A report prepared for the
Institutional Support for MAJUIKAN Aquaculture
Development Project
by
Michael New
Feeds Consultant
This report was prepared during the course of the project identified on the title page. The conclusions and recommendations given in the report are those considered appropriate at the time of its preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the project.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.
During a 2-month feeds consultancy by Michael New for LKIM1, Malaysia in November-December 1985, tutorials in fish/shrimp nutrition, demonstration of feed manufacture, and two short-term feeding trials were carried out. Form3ulations for an improved vitamin mix, for shrimp diets (maturation, early post-larval and grow-out) for seabass/grouper (broodstock, juvenile and grow-out), and for tilapia were provided.
The artificial diet for juvenile seabass was tested and proved to give good growth rate (three-fourfold weight increase in 20 days), survival rate (76–85%) and AFCR (1.9–1.1:1) and was cheaper to use than the filleted trash fish normally used for young fingerlings. Overall performance, though much better than that of animals fed another artificial diet tested in 1984, was not quite so good as on filleted trash fish. Two improved versions of the diet were formulated for further trials with seabass juveniles. The diet tested, which is expected to be satisfactory as a seabass grow-out feed, was immediately accepted by juveniles without any weaning period.
A trial using the new post-larval diet for shrimp formulated during this consultancy for P9-P24 Penaeus monodon was conducted. The new feed gave nearly twice the survival rate and a better growth rate than the micro-encapsulated egg based diet previously used. The new feed, which will in future be used for large-scale post-larval production, has a feeding cost only 13% of that of the micro-encapsulated diet. Its use, at the targeted hatchery production of 10 million post-larvae annually at the Sg. Merbok LKIM site, will increase revenue by over M$ 153 000 (US$ 68 000) per year, through increased survival rate and reduced feeding costs.
The following report contains a series of recommendations on future feed development, feed manufacture, experimental protocol and training. A bibliography has been provided, together with detailed accounts of the formulations, experimental trials and other work conducted during the consultancy.
1 Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia, formerly MAJUIKAN
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1986
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4. WORK SUMMARY AND OBSERVATIONS
4.2 Feed Ingredient Availability
4.4 Grow-out Feeds for Marine Prawns (P. monodon)
4.5 Grow-out and Juvenile Feeds for Marine Finfish
4.6 Broodstock/Maturation Diets
4.8 Feed Manufacturing Equipment
4.9 Other Work During the Consultancy
4.9.2 Feeding in Commercial Cage Culture
5.5 Feeds for Young Fingerling Seabass
5.6 Grow-out Feeds for Seabass/Groupers
5.10 Dietary and Feed Ingredient Information
5.12 Larger-scale Feed Manufacturing Equipment
Appendix 1: LIST OF INSTITUTIONS WITH FEED TRAINING FACILITIES
Appendix 3: IMPROVED VITAMIN CONCENTRATE FOR SHRIMP AND SEABASS
Appendix 4: INGREDIENT SOURCES AND COST IN PENANG AND KEDAH
Appendix 5: INGREDIENT SOURCES AND COST IN BESUT AND JOHOR
Appendix 6: ADDRESSES OF FEED INGREDIENT AND EQUIPMENT SUPPLIES
Appendix 7: LOCALLY AVAILABLE COMMERCIAL SHRIMP FEEDS
Appendix 8: TEST DIET FOR P5-P20 PENAEUS MONODON
Appendix 9: 1985 FEEDING TRIAL WITH EARLY POST-LARVAE OF P. MONODON
Appendix 10: POND GROW—OUT FEEDS FOR SHRIMP (P. MONODON)
Appendix 11: ASSESSMENT OF 1984 FEEDING TRIAL WITH SEABASS JUVENILES
Appendix 12: TEST DIET FOR SEABASS FINGERLINGS
Appendix 13: 1985 FEEDING TRIAL WITH FINGERLING SEABASS
Appendix 14: NEW TEST DIETS FOR SEABASS FINGERLINGS
Appendix 15: EXPERIMENTAL SEMI-MOIST MARINE FINFISH BROODSTOCK AND SHRIMP MATURATION FEEDS
Appendix 16: SUGGESTED FORMULATION FOR DRY FINGERLING AND GROW-OUT FEEDS FOR TILAPIA REARED IN CAGES
Appendix 18: A FEW SIMPLE DO'S AND DO NOT'S FOR EXPERIMENTAL WORK