PROJET REGIONAL MEDITERRANEEN DE DEVELOPPMENT DE L'AQUACULTURE
MEDITERRANEAN REGIONAL AQUACULTURE PROJECT
CONTENTS

TECHNICS USED FOR INTENSIVE REARING AND ALIMENTATION OF FISH AND SHELLFISH

Villanova di Motta di Livenza - ITALIA Vol. I

Session Secretary
Brigide LOIX
MEDRAP
May 1986

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CONTENTS

Vol.1: General introduction

Welcoming address given by Dr. ALESSANDRA (ESAV)

Annex I

Annex II

Annex III

Water, a rearing environment and its management in aquaculture. Mr. J. PETIT

1. THE WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR AQUACULTURE REARING

1.1. THE FUNCTIONS OF WATER IN REARING

1.2. WATER, REARING VOLUME

1.3. WATER, CONVEYOR OF OXYGEN

1.4. WATER, CONVEYOR OF RESIDUE MATTER

1.5. WATER, CONVEYOR OF CALORIES

2. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE WATER QUALITIES IN REARING

2.1. OXYGEN

2.2. TEMPERATURE

2.3. AMMONIA

2.4. NITRITES AND NITRATES

2.5. pH - CO2 - ALKALINITY

2.6. SUSPENDED MATTER AND ORGANIC MATTER

3. WATER CONTROL : INSTALLATION AND EQUIPMENT

3.1. AERATION AND OXYGENATION

3.2. WATER PURIFICATION

3.3. WATER DISINFECTION

3.4. RECYCLING

The control of environmental factors in intensive marine aquaculture. Mr. G. SAROGLIA

Technological and energetic aspects of water management for intensive aquaculture. Mr. P. BRONZI and Mr. F. PARRINI

Pumping water for marine aquaculture. Mr. J. SELTZ

1 - Introduction

2 - Generalities concerning pumping structures

3 - Pumps

3.1 - Different kinds of pump used for aquaculture

3.2 - Basis elements for the calculation and the choice of pumps

3.2.1. Pressure losses

3.2.1.1. Definition

3.2.1.2. Calculation or pressure losses

3.2.2. Total head of water

3.2.3. Maximum height of suction (centrifugal pump)

3.2.4. Characteristic curves for a pump

3.2.5 operating point of a pump

3.3. Choice of a pump type

4. Motors and power feed

4.1. The power of the motor

4.2. Electric Motors

4.2.1. Public network system for the distribution of electric power

4.2.2. Supply with a generator set

4.2.3. Electricity transport

4.3. Thermic motors

5. Pumping station

5.1. Generalities

5.2. Pumping station for a surface centrifugal unit

5.3. An underground station for an immersed pump

6. water intake at sea

6.1. Water intake by suction

6.2. water intake by gravity

7. Discharge or evacuation pipe

8. Specificity of pumping in marine seas

9. Protection of the pumping structure against pressure variations

10. Calculation example of a pumping structure

References

Annexes

Annex 1 - Centrifugal Surface pump

Annex 2 - Centrifugal pump with a vertical axe

Annex 3 - Centrifugal submersible pump

Annex 4 - Surface propeller pump

Annex 5 - Submersible propeller pump

Annex 6 - Archimede screw pump

Annex 7 - Submersible mixers

Annex 8 - Linear Pressure losses

Annex 9 - Singular Pressure losses

Annex 10 - singular pressure losses

Annex 11 - Characteristic curves

Annex 12 - Generator powers

Annex 13 - Pumping station for a surface centrifugal unit

Annex 14 - Implantation of surface centrifugal pumps

Annex 15 - Underground station for a submersible pump

Annex 16 - Underground station for a propeller pump

Annex 17 - Implantation of propeller pumps

Annex 18 - Water intake systems

Annex 19 - Calculation example for a pumping structure

Rearing structures for aquaculture. Mr. J. SELTZ

1. INTRODUCTION

2. INTENSIVE REARING STRUCTURES

2.1. The shapes of the tanks

2.1.1. Raceway or corridor tank

2.1.1.1. Description

2.1.1.2. Hydraulic efficiency of a raceway

2.1.1.3. Design

2.1.1.4. Efficiency in rearing

2.1.1.5. Remarks

2.1.2. Rectangular tanks with rapid current

2.1.2.1. Description

2.1.2.2. Hydraulic efficiency

2.1.2.3. Efficiency in rearing

2.1.2.4. Remark

2.1.3 Circular tanks

2.1.3.1. Description

2.1.3.2. Hydraulic efficiency

2.1.3.3. Efficiency in rearing

2.2. The materials used

2.2.1. Earth

2.2.2. Plastic films or sheets

2.2.3. Concrete or masonary

2.2.4. polyester resin

2.3. Choice criterium and brief rules for the construction of tanks

2.3.1. Pull distribution

2.3.2. Occupation of the soil

2.3.3. Conclusion

2.4. Dimensioning of the facilities

2.4.1. Notion of the maximum stock present

2.4.2. Total volume of the facilities

2.4.3. Quantity of water required

3. EXTENSIVE AND SEMI-INTENSIVE REARING POND

3.1. Generalities

3.2. Different shapes

3.3. The dyke

3.4. Inlet and outlet structures

3.5. Fishery

3.5.1. Counter-current fisheries

3.5.2. Fisheries located at the outlet of the pond

4. REARING STRUCTURES AT SEA

4.1. Floating cages

4.1.1. Pontoon

4.1.2. Net pocket

4.1.3. Anchorage

4.1.4. Discussion

4.2. Immersed cages

4.2.1. “Biconical” net type of cage

4.2.2. Metallic grilled cage

4.2.3. Discussion

4.3. Conclusion

References

Annexes

Annex 1 - Rearing methods

Annex 2 - Raceway

Annex 3 - Inlet chenal

Annex 4 - Monks and evacuation chenal

Annex 5 - Monks for raceway

Annex 6 - BURROWS tank

Annex 7 - Hydraulic efficiency of a BURROWS tank

Annex 8 - Circular tank

Annex 9 - Raceway walls

Annex 10 - Polyester tanks

Annex 11 - Distribution of the fish stock in place (uniform sale)

Annex 12 - Distribution of the fish stock in place (seasonal sale)

Annex 13 - Oxygen saturation rates

Annex 14 - Oxygen consumption by trouts

Annex 15 - Admissible loads for trouts

Annex 16 - pond plans

Annex 17 - Dyke plans

Annex 18 - Marks for ponds

Annex 19 - Fishery

Annex 20 - Floating cage

Annex 21 - Immersed cage

Vol.2: Coastal fishculture in the Upper Adriatic. Mr. G. RAVAGNAN

Intensive rearing of sea-bass (Dicentrarchus) and gilthead sea-bream (Sparus auratus) in raceways. Biological, technological aspects of fattening. Mr. H. HELEN

Intensive fishculture. ITTICA UGENTO SPA. TORRE MOZZA DI UGENTO. LECCE Mr. L. CORBARI

Intensive rearing of eel. Mr. G. ARLATI

Intensive rearing of mullet. Mr. F. GHION

Trophic community correlations in fertilized ponds for the commercial culture of the Kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus in the North Adriatic sea (North East Coast of Italy). Mr. F. LUMARE and al.

New rearing techniques and larvae quality improvements in sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) hatcheries. Mr. D. COVES

Post larvae production of P. japonicus. Increase in productivity by modifying the feed sequence. Mr. G. LE MOULLAC

Industrial manufacture of compound food for marine species. Mr. J. J. SABAUT

Feeding principles for marine fish under intensive culture. Mr. A. TACON

Marine fish feed. Mr. J. GUILLAUME

Quality control of feed in pisciculture. Ms. M. AMERIO

Pathological aspects of intensive rearing. Mr. G. GIORGETTI