Field Document No. 14 MARINE SNAILS SEED PRODUCTION TOWARDS RESTOCKING ENHANCEMENT BASIC MANUAL Edited by K. Kitutani and H. Yamakawa

August 1999

Tonga Aquaculture Research & Development Project	South Pacific Aquaculture Development Project (II)
Japan International Cooperation Agency	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
	GCP/RAS/116/JPN
Nuku'alofa, Tonga	Suva, Fiji

CONTENTS

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CONTENTS

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS MANUAL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

1   INTRODUCTION

1.1   Green snail

1.2   Trochus

1.3   Abalone

2.   BIOLOGY OF MARINE SNAILS

2.1   Green Snail, Turbo marmoratus

2.2   Topshell, Trochus niloticus

2.3   Abalone

3.   SEED PRODUCTION PROCEDURES

3.1   Broodstock Rearing

3.2   Natural Food Production

3.3   Spawning Induction

3.4   Fertilization

3.5   Egg washing and Removal of Excess Sperm

3.6   Calculations and Measurements

3.7   Larval Incubation

3.8   Larval Settlement

3.9   Juvenile Rearing

4.   SUGGESTIONS FOR STOCK ENHANCEMENT

4.1   Tagging and Measuring Green Snail Seeds

4.2   Site Survey

4.3   Transplanting Procedures

4.4   Monitoring and Recovering Methods

4.5   Management Strategies

5.   REFERENCES

APPENDIX 1.     Diagrammatic Flow of Green Snail and Trochus Seed Production I, II & III

APPENDIX 2.     State-of-the-art larval settlement tank in Sopu Mariculture Center (SMC)

APPENDIX 3.     The Process of Trochus Seed Production in Okinawa (Isa et al.1997)

APPENDIX 4.     Embryonic Stages of Development of Trochus niloticus Observed Under a Microscope

APPENDIX 5.     Spawning Induction Table

APPENDIX 6.     Larval Development Table

APPENDIX 7.     Yearly working plan for Green Snail Seed Production at SMC

APPENDIX 8.     Monthly working plan for Green Snail Seed Production at SMC

APPENDIX 9.     Yearly routine work for Green Snail / Trochus at SMC

APPENDIX 10.   Weekly routine work for Green Snail / Trochus at SMC

APPENDIX 11.   Daily routine work for Green Snail / Trochus at SMC

APPENDIX 12.   Emergency Measures for Green Snail/Trochus at SMC