ANNEX 1

	MAP 1. COASTAL ZONES: OVERVIEW Scale (Approx): 1:3,700,000 [Source: Project UNCHS LIB/91/X01 and LIBFISH Field Missions. Locations approximate, see site lists for geo-coordinates.]

	MAP 2. COASTAL ZONES: ZUWARA - TRIPOLI Scale (Approx): 1: 1,000,000 [Sources:Project UNCHS LIB/91/X01 and LIBFISH Field Missions. Locations approximate, see site lists for geo-coordinates.]

	MAP 3. COASTAL ZONES: GULF Scale (Approx): 1: 1,400,000 [Sources:Project UNCHS LIB/91/X01 and LIBFISH Field Missions. Locations approximate, see site lists for geo-coordinates.]

	MAP 4. COASTAL ZONES: JABEL AKHDAR-TUBRUK Scale (Approx): 1: 1,500,000 [Sources:Project UNCHS LIB/91/X01 and LIBFISH Field Missions. Locations approximate, see site lists for geo-coordinates.]

Table A1/1. Libyan coastal zones: permanent fish landing sites and aquaculture development prospects

F/Survey Code No.	Site Name	Lat/Lon (Approx.)	Access/Description	Recommendations/ Remarks
ZONE1: ZUWARA (TUNISIA BORDER TO SABRATHA)			Mainly beaches backed by dunes, sabkha areas, and sandy plains.	Flat sites with sandy/sandy-clay soils suitable for small-scale pond or raceway culture, depending in individual site surveys.
10 100	FARWA	33°05' N 11°44' E	Lagoon 20 km east of Tunisia border line, ISO km west of Tripoli. She has been proposed for cage/pen culture activities in past. Trial mussel rearing failure in 1988; new trials reported underway. Waters extremely shallow, poor flushing times by currents. Pollution hazard potential from nearby chemical plant.	Permanent landing site. Not recommended for any pen /cage culture whatsoever. Further close study needed to determine advisability of hydraulic manipulations (re-establishment of original eastern pass, etc.). Immediate pollution control programme needed.
--	ABU KAMASH SABKHA	--	Extensive saltmarsh straddling Libyan-Tunisian border area. Natural Artemia population.	Not suitable for aquafarming projects. Possible source for wild brine shrimp stains for R & D purposes.
10 110	ZUWARA	32°56' N 12°05' E	Modern harbour 57 km east of Tunisia border line, 113 km west of Tripoli. Pollution hazards.	Facilities suitable for offshore cage operations, but problems posed by insufficient water depths within convenient service ranges, maritime traffic, and trawling activities.
--	ZUWARA SABKHA	--	Extension of Abu Kamash saltmarshes. Natural occurrence Artemia reported.	Little/no potential aquafarming development. Possible source for wild brine shrimp stains for R & D purposes.
10 120	MARSAZUWAGHAH	32°49' N 12°2T' E	100 km east of Tunisia border line, 70 km west of Tripoli	Permanent landing site. Two small piers sheltered behind reef barrier.
10 130	MARSA ABOUBAKAR	32°49' N 12°28' E	2 km west of Sabratha ruins	Permanent landing site. Small protected natural harbour in rocky area.
10 140	MARSA SABRATHA (El Ouadi)	32°49' N 12°28' E	1 km west of Sabratha ruins	Permanent landing site. Beach, small bay eastward after the tonnara; rusted trawler wreck.
ZONE 2: TRIPOLI (SABRATHA TO MISRATAH)			Stretch of coastline with relatively high rainfall and developed agriculture. Shore alternates between low rocky areas, cliffs, and sandy beaches. Extreme environmental degradation due to quarrying between Sabratha to Janzour, and to pollution and shoreline destruction from Janzour to Tajura - the Tripoli metropolitan area.	Little prospect for aquaculture development from Sabratha to Janzour due to quarrying. Clear need for major land restoration programme programme. Tripoli area coastline holds no prospects for aquafarming at present because of severe pollution and marine ecosystem degradation. Coastal master plan urgently needed to provide basis for controlled development, environmental restoration. In Tajura area pilot aquaculture facilities possible at MBRC for teaching, R & D activities. Proposal to rehabilitate Imeatiga salt works needs further investigation. Stretch of coastline east of Tajura may offer some sites appropriate to pond/raceway culture, depending outcome detailed location surveys.
10 150	RAS EL WASSIF	32°48' N 12°31' E	In Sabratha, 0.5 – 1 km before reaching roman ruins take right at the street crossing for 1 km then leave main road for dirt road going towards the sea, reach eastward towards the marsa through garbage dump and stone block quarry area for 0.5 km.	Permanent landing site. Dug out harbour beach protected by reef barrier.
10 160	MARSA TOBBAH	32°48' N 12°31' E	Further east from Ras el Wassif going east through quarries for 0.5 km.	Permanent landing site. Marsa protected by reef islands, sandy beach.
10 170	MARSA SIDIZEID	32°48' N 12°34' E	In Surman, take asphalt road to Massif Surman passing by the hospital, turn east just before the beach for 0.5 km then north to the marsa	Permanent landing site. Small shelter with reefs, breakwater.
10 180	MOTRUD	32°48' N 12°37' E	In Surman, take asphalted road to Massif Surman passing by the hospital, turn east just before the beach for 5 km then go north to the marsa.	Permanent landing site. Open beach, public recreation.
10 190	MARSA DILA	32°48' N 12°45' E	From east Zawia town entrance, take street through houses ending in the stone blocks quarry area	Permanent landing site. Very good shelter in old quarry for small boats only, old tonnara.
10 200	SIDI BLAL	32°49' N 12°57' E	20 km west of Tripoli.	Permanent landing site. Modern harbour, former naval academy; good pier space. Reported problem silting at entrance.
10 210	JANZOUR	32°51' N 13°01' E	East of Nasserdin Gemmi Technical Institute turn north on road with pine-trees for 1 km.	Permanent landing site. Open beach with rock point.
10 220	GHARDAGAH	32°51' N 13°03' E	1 km west of Tripoli Highway Gargarish road junction, turn north for 0.5 km.	Permanent landing site. Small bay with cliff; garbage area.
10 230	REGATTA (Arab Maghreb Village)	32°52' N 13°04' E	Residential compound with recreation beach.	Permanent landing site. Open beach. Limited fishing activity.
10 240	MEDINA SIAHIAH (Shati al Andalus)	32°51' N 13°04' E	Hay el Andalous.	Permanent landing site. Private beach, recreation complex.
10 250	‘DT’	32°52' N 13°04' E	Hay el Andalous.	Permanent landing site. Shelter from east behind public works depot.
10 260	GASRIAH	32°53' N 13°07 E	Hay el Andalous.	Permanent landing site. Beach and small bay, shelter by reef barrier, near underwater club.
10 270	GHARNATAH	32°53' N 13°08' E	Hay el Andalous.	Permanent landing site. Private beach.
10 280	BAZRAH	32°53' N 13°09' E	Wadi El Mjinin mouth.	Permanent landing site. Pier covering main collector.
10 290	AINZARGA	32°53' N 13°10' E	Beach west of Dat el Aimad.	Permanent landing site. Open beach, recreation complex.
10 300	BAB EL BAHAR	32°54' N 13°11' E	Near Tripoli old city.	Permanent landing site. Fish harbour mainly used by medium size gillnetters and small size trawlers.
10 310	SIDI SHAAB	32°54' N 13°12' E	Opposite Tripoli Mehari Hotel.	Permanent landing site. Trawler harbour, deep waters.
10 320	ENADI EL BAHRI	32°55' N 13°14' E	El Hinshir.	Permanent landing site. Former naval installation; protected by jetties.
10 330	SIDI MAHJUB	32°55' N 13°14' E	El Hinshir.	Permanent landing site. Pier protected by breakwater.
10 340	SAGALIA	32°55' N 13°15' E	At crossing Tripoli-Tajura Air Base roads. Take road near the wall for 100/200 m.	Permanent landing site. Beach in garbage area: former major landing site abandoned after landfill project.
10 350	EL MAGTAH	32°54' N 13°22' E	20 km east of Tripoli.	Permanent landing site. Beach; poor shelter behind reefs.
10 360	EL SHEJERA	32°50' N 13°30' E	30 km east of Tripoli.	Permanent landing she. Cliff; poor shelter behind reefs; boats are pulled part way up cliff in bad weather.
10 370	RAS EL AMAN (Garabulli)	32°48' N 13°45' E	From Garabulli village on west entrance asphalt road to north for ca. 10 km.	Permanent landing site. Very good, long beach (2 km); tonnara.
10 380	WADI TURGHLAT	32°48' N 13°50' E	Leave main coastal road and take small road near east Garabulli bridge, turn north after 11 km on asphalted/dirt road for 3.5 km to the shore. Beach near wadi mouth. Permanent estaurine pond, shallow. Surrounded by forest area. Potential threat overuse.	Permanent landing site. Little/no prospect or reason for aquafarming project Best preserved as nature area.
10 390	WADI BSIS & WADI QIRIM (GEREEMA)	32°47' N 13°51' E	Parallel wadis running into sea ca. 1.5 km apart About 95 km east of Tripoli tarmac road to the north for 10 km. Popular weekend visitor spots. Wadi channels surrounded by date palms. Estuarine ponds host local, migrant waterfowl. Overuse, tourist development threats. Designated GADA site for aquaculturc project study.	Both wadis inherently valuable as natural settings, recreational sites. Little/no prospect or reason for aquafarming projects.
10 410	MINA AL KHUMS	32°41' N 14°14' E	Newly constructed harbor with jetties 5 km west of city; deep water port. Localised pollution risks.	Permanent landing site. Offshore cage culture a possibility, for waters beyond the 35 m isobath, using new harbour as shore service base.
10 420	MARSA AL KHUMS	32°34' N 14°16' E	Old harbour in town.	Permanent landing site. Shallow water harbour, sheltered by breakwater. Congested anchorage.
10 430	TUEBIA	32°31' N 14°28' E	From Wadi Kham police check, bike small (old) road going west for 4.3 km, then take asphalted road to north for another 4.5 km, site is towards the east end of the beach behind dunes.	Permanent landing site. Open beach protected by reef barrier.
10 430	AIN KAAM	32°31' N 14°28' E	GADA/ADC farm established 1990, about 130 km east of Tripoli, and 10 east of Khums. Brackish water lagoon at mouth of Wadi Kaam. Pilot/trial floating cage culture for mullet, red tilapia. Hatchery for shrimp on farm compound eastern bank. Sea bass, bream, and amberjack brood stock also recently acquired. In general well equipped for intended purpose, though rehabilitation/upgrading of some plant and equipment needed especially with regard to seawater supply (proper intake; borehole installation), electrical work. Management programme could be strengthened in a number of significant respects.	Major points deserving close and immediate attention include: securing adequate seawater supply, routine water circulation system filter maintenance; audit of all farm hygiene standards and emphasis on disease prevention; electric wiring; feed storage and rotation; fresh feed quality control. Cage culture work should not be expanded in the lagoon pending more information on nutrient overload risks.
20 100	ZLITEN	32°30' N 14°43' E	Modern harbour facility 156 km east of Tripoli; entrance shallow, difficult in heavy seas.	Permanent landing site. Offshore cage fanning an option to study using harbour as shore base.
20 110	ZREG	32°26' N 14°55' E	29.7 km west of Mina Qasr Ahmad fish harbour gate.	Permanent landing site. Tonnara pier, small marsa, poorly sheltered by reef barrier.
20 120	ABOU FATMA	32°25' N 14°58' E	24.7 km west of Mina Qasr Ahmad fish harbour gate, 5 km east of Zreg.	Permanent landing site. Beach sheltered from northwest by rock point (roman traces).
20 130	DZAIRAH	32°25' N 15°01' E	19 km west of Mina Qasr Ahmad fish harbour gate, 10.7 km east of Zreg.	Permanent landing site. Tonnara; small marsa poor shelter by reefs.
20 140	TOUBBA	32°25' N 15°03' E	16.7 km west of Mina Qasr Ahmad fish harbour gate, 13 km east of Zreg.	Permanent landing site. Open beach, recreation installations.
20 150	JANNAT	32°25' N 15°07' E	11.8 km west of Mina Qasr Ahmad fish harbour gate, 17.9 km east of Zreg, take asphalted road through garbage opposite other asphalted road leading into Missurata.	Permanent landing site. Open beach.
ZONE 3: GULF (MISRATAH TO BENGHAZI)			Flat and generally arid coastline with sandy beaches backed by extensive saltmarsh and scrubland. Numerous marine turtle nesting sites. Pollution hazards from oil spills, terminals, solid waste and chemical waste dumping in some sabkha areas.	Offshore cage operations generally not feasible as waters of sufficient depth beyond convenient range of shore bases (possible exception Misratah). Pond/raceway projects in principle possible any location with proper drainage, soil conditions, but detailed individual site studies required. Little/no possibilities for inshore cage culture.
20 170	MINA QASR AHMED	32°23' N 15°13' E	Deep water harbor for medium size boats, 210 km east of Tripoli. Localised pollution hazards.	Permanent landing site. Offshore cage farming an option to study using harbour as shore base.
20 180	RUMIA	32°13' N 15°19' E	19 km south of Mina Qasr Ahmed fish harbour gate. Take asphalted road passing in front of commercial harbour, go round the steel complex staying close to the sea, at the end of the asphalted road continue on a dirt road due south leaving an old Korean camp on the left	Permanent landing site. Beach sheltered by rocky point.
--	AL HISHA RESERVE: TAWARGHAH SABKHA; SMEDA SABKHA; A1 HISHA SABKHA.	From: 32°13" N 15°19" E To: 31°28" N 15°44" E	Reserve area for New Hisha Project Tawarghah Sabkha reached 19 km south of Mina Qasr Ahmed. Follow tarmac road south around steel factory complex, staying close to sea, then continue on dirt road due south. Main sabkha plain lies to south and west. Smeda lies along coast same route, 47 km south Mina Qasr Ahmed. Al Hisha Sabkha lies in the southern part of the reserve. Tawarghah Springs are a major source of freshwater and are exploited for an irrigation scheme. Smeda is being developed as a GADA/APC project site. Low-lying sabkha lands are generally not suitable for commercial fish production because of the extreme conditions.	The feasibility of developing Smeda according to the present scheme may warrant re-examination. Enhanced brine shrimp production is a possibility to explore through experimental work. Construction of drainable ponds on higher ground above the sabkha floodplains could be also investigated.
--	BUERAT EL HASSUN TO BENGHAZI		Major sabkhat areas include those of Sultan, Besher, Kweim, Shwerab, and Karkora. Refuge areas for migratory waterfowl. Salt extraction at Karkora. Extensive waste dumping at Besher. Artemia recorded only at Kweim. Most floodplains dry out in summer months.	Systematic investigations are needed for all the sabkhat along this part of the Gulf of Sirt to determine occurrence of natural Artemia strains and productivity. An environmental monitoring and pollution control programme is urgently required.
20 210	CHESH	31°14' N 16°20' E	7.8 km east of Sirt bypass branching, 24/25 km from Sirt centre, across from butcher and coffee shop.	Permanent landing site. Open beach.
20 220	SIRT	31°13' N 16°35' E	449 km east of Tripoli, 570 km west of Benghazi	Permanent landing site. Jetties sheltered by reef barrier, anchorage for gulf trawlers.
20 230	SULTAN	31°08' N 17°08' E	About 55 km east of Sirt, before the antiquity site take north along the fence. Go right at the end of the fence near the sea (all = 3 km)	Permanent landing site. Beach sheltered by reef barrier.
20 230	SULTAN SABKHA	31°08' N 17°08' E	About 55 km east of Sirt, before the antiquity site take north along the fence. Go right at the end of the fence near the sea (all = 3 km). Beach sheltered by reef barrier	Systematic investigations are needed for all the sabkhat along this part of the Gulf of Sirt to determine occurrence of natural Artemia strains and productivity. An environmental monitoring and pollution control programme is urgently required.
20 240	HARAWA	31°05' N 17°24' E	25/27 km east of Sultan take north at the eastern end of Harawa village, follow wide dirt road at a major crossing turn left following the main tracks and shortly after take right following a fence, reach the site after 2/3 km passed the desalinization plant.	Permanent landing site. Very good beach. Sheltered by reef barrier deep for medium size boats; not good in very bad weather.
20 250	WADI EL AHMAR (Tissain)	31°01' N 17°29' E	10 km east of Harawa, 70 km west of Ben Jawad, turn north between the wadi and the village entrance on a dirt road leading to a sand quarry and the marsa.	Permanent landing site. Sandy/rocky beach protected from northwest.
20 280	BEN JAWAD	30°49' N 18°05' E	228 km west of Ajdabiya, 181 km east of Sirt.	Permanent landing site. Beach with reef shelter.
20 310	RAS LANUF COMPOUND	30°32' "N 18°30' E	7 km west of Mina Ras Lanuf entrance, drive in the compound towards the hotel (1.5 km) then turn west (0.5 km).	Permanent landing site. Shelter from north and west by artificial breakwater (broken in places).
20 320	MINA RAS LANUF	30°31' N 18°34' E	Mina entry is just west past the chemical complex (NOT) the entrance with a big tanker painted on the wall).	Permanent landing site. Deep water harbour suitable for trawlers.
20 330	EL JERIAH	30°26' N 18°39' E	19 km east of Mina Ras Lanuf, turn off on dirt road 200 m west of two wrecked burned cars, drive 4.1 km.	Permanent landing site. Open beach with rock point on the northwest.
20 340	UM GHARANIQ	30°17 N 18°57 E	26.5 km west of Al Aqaylah village 41.5 km east of Mina Ras Lanuf, near Jabal El Kheish, dirt road going up towards radar station, leave the fence on the left and reach down to the beach (all = 1 km).	Permanent landing site. Open beach
20 350	AL AQAYLAH (Bu Shu Ayfah) see al Haj Abou Amoud	30°16' N 19°03' E	14 km west of Al Aqaylah village, 54 km east of Mina Ras Lanuf, dirt road starts with (tire + steel rod + plastic bottle mark), go north across hills then down to sebkha along the beach.	Permanent landing site. Open beach in sight of Bu Shu Ayfah island.
20 360	BESHER	30°24' N 19°32' E	About 16717 km east of Besher village, palm trees and old industrial camp and houses, dirt road towards north, go down and cross the sebkha between garbage dump and chemical complex fence, then go west on the dunes for 0.7 km	Two permanent landing sites very close to each other, hardly any shelter.
20 360	BESHER SABKHA	30°24' N 19°32' E	About 16/17 km east of Bishr village, palm trees and old industrial camp and houses, dirt road towards north, go down and cross the sabkha between garbage dump and chemical complex fence.	Systematic investigations are needed for all the sabkhat along this part of the Gulf of Sirt to determine occurrence of natural Artemia strains and productivity. An environmental monitoring and pollution control programme is urgently required.
20 370	MINA AL BRAYGAH	30°25' N 19°35' E	148 km east of Ben Jawad, 80 km west of Ajdabiya.	Permanent landing site. Oil tanker deep water harbour with pier.
--	KWEIM SABKHA	30°25' N 19°35' E	Adjacent to Brega, 148 km east of Ben Jawad, 80 km west of Ajdabiya.	Systematic investigations are needed for all the sabkhat along this part of the Gulf of Sirt to determine occurrence of natural Artemia strains and productivity. An environmental monitoring and pollution control programme is urgently required.
30 100	SHWERAB SABKHA (AZZUAYTINA)	30°57' N 20°02' E	18 km north of Ajdabiya, go west on tarmac road through town.	See above.
30 100	SHWERAB (AZZUAYTINA)	30°57' N 20°02' E	18 km north of Ajdabiya, west on tarmac road for 8 km cross the town. Site is in the direction of refinery. Sheltered by reef barrier.	Permanent landing site.
30 110	SHAT EL BADIN (Regta) (Shawan) (Sultan)	31°17' N 20°07' E	35/40 km north of Azzuitina branching road, 20 km north of Sultan, sign on main road Shat el Badin, go east to the village then turn north at the end of village, continue north 4 km to a sign (man silhouette cut in metal plate), turn west on dirt road leading to sand quarry before entering the quarry turn south in the dunes for 0.5 km to reach the sea.	Permanent landing site. Open beach. Winch to pull up boats.
--	KARKORA SABKHA	31°28' N 20°00' E	About 11 km north of Al Maqrun, 14 km south of Gminis, take west tarmac road signed El Mteiflah, continue 11 km first tarmac road to wind mill, then dirt road through sabkha. Local saltworks.	Systematic investigations are needed for all the sabkhat along this part of the Gulf of Sirt to determine occurrence of natural Artemia strains and productivity. An environmental monitoring and pollution control programme is urgently required.
30 130	MURRAH	31°29' N 20°00' E	About 11 km north of Al Maqrun, 14 km south of Gminis take west asphalted road signed El Mteiflah, continue 11 km first asphalted to wind mill then dirt road through sabkha.	Permanent landing site. Small bay with sandy/rocky beach. Large meeting shed covered by palm tree leaves on the dune.
30 140	HABIB	31°36' N 19°58' E	From Gminis fishing site take dirt road leading south, after 0.75 km turn west at old store house leading in WW II surplus dumping field and continue 0.7 km south.	Permanent landing site. Open beach, no shelter.
30 160	BATA	31°42' N 19°57' E	6 km north of Gminis crossing, 45 km south of Benghazi, wide paved road leading to the beach.	Permanent landing site. Open beach, no shelter.
30 170	ABOU DOUARA	31°45' N 19°55' E	11 km north of Gminis crossing 40 km south of Benghazi, conspicuous small white marabou (Sidi Nail) on top of a hill. Dirt road starts on the southern side of the village between farms, at the marabou turn south for 0.5 km	Permanent landing site. Open beach, no shelter.
30 180	NAYLA	31°46' N 19°55' E	11 km north of Gminis crossing 40 km south of Benghazi, conspicuous small white marabou (Sidi Nail) on top of a hill. Dirt road starts on the southern side of the village between farms. Leave marabou on the south and continue to the beach.	Permanent landing site. Open beach, no shelter.
30 200	MREISSAH	31°57 N 19°57 E	At marabou Sidi Bu Fakhirah take west for 4 km towards the beach.	Permanent landing site. Sandy beach sheltered from north by sandy point.
ZONE 4: JABAL AKHDAR ( BENGHAZI TO BUMBA)			A generally narrow coastal plain broadening to the west and east, narrowing in between around the base of the Jabal Akhdar (Green Mountains) escarpments. Farmland/pastures on flatter terrain. Coast rugged and seabed shelves steeply around El Kouf - Susah and east. Numerous wadi cuts, inlets, marsas also.	Flat sites with sandy/sandy-clay soils suitable for small-scale pond or raceway culture, depending in individual site surveys. Zone contains number of sites of special significance as natural/scenic areas and priority attention should be given to need to protect them from pressures of misuse and overuse.
--	BENGHAZI	32°36' N 20°03' E	Libya's second largest city, major deep sea harbour and industrial centre. Pollution hazards.	Little/no prospect for aquaculture. Operating ranges too great for offshore cage service base.
30 230	MINA BINGHAZI JADID	32°36' N 20°03' E	South of old harbour left after passing the police check point leading in the commercial harbour.	Permanent landing site. Deep sea harbour with jetties and pier space.
30 240	MINA BINGHAZI KADIM	32°36' N 20°03' E	In town near the bridge over the lake.	Permanent landing site. Traditional harbour in town near the fish market
--	ABOU DZIRA LAKE COMPLEX	--	Complex of freshwater small lakes located southeast of Benghazi. Largest, Abou Dzira, about 10 km along main highway to Al Bayda. Family recreation area. Planted with carp in 1984; GADA trial cage culture with tilapia since early 1994. Pollution problems from sewage, rubbish, Disease outbreaks in cultured fish. Area an important refuge for birds, as are other smaller lakes in region. Overuse, pollution threats.	Strict controls need to be put in place as soon as possible to check pollution hazards. Consider implementation of programme to protect Abou Dzira and other parts of lake complex as bird and wildlife preserve. Hold off on any further expansion trial cage culture operations until full assessment of results and environmental impact of current operations carried out.
30 250	AIN ZIANA	32°13' N 20°10' E	Spring-fed lagoon of about SO ha located 15 km northeast of Benghazi. Recreation area, small fishery. Unique wetland environment, bird refuge in urgent need protection as now under threat from urban expansion, pollution, rubbish dumping. Site of ambitious hatchery and large-scale pond production scheme now under construction by firm in contract with GADA/ADC.	Permanent landing site. Urgent action needed to protect lagoon and adjoining wetland area as wildlife sanctuary. Considering very ambitious scope new hatchery-farm complex, defer decisions regarding further investments in other such facilities until situation better appreciated.
30 270	AL AGURIYA (Tokra)	32°32' N 20°33' E	0.5 km south before reaching the town.	Permanent landing site. Open beach, fishers installed in an old recreation beach facility
30 280	ADDIRSIYAH (Tolmeita)	32°43' N 20°57' E	At the end of the road into town.	Permanent landing site. Good shelter. Pier built in 1975 from a sandy beach was never usable.
30 310	EL KOUF NATIONAL PARK (JARJARUM)	32°47' N 21°24' E	At Qasr Libya follow tarmac road to north and down for 20 km. El Kouf Park includes about 20 km of shoreline around the mouth of Wadi Jarjarumah. Park established through legislation of General People's Committee in 1978. Marsh and pond areas. Turtle nesting sites on beaches.	Consultations with Secretariat of Agriculture to investigate and implement more effective measures for parkland and marine zone and fisheries protection. Respect national park status and need to limit environmental impacts by avoiding aquafarming projects for El Kouf area.
30 340	BEST	32°54' N 21°34' E	6 km east of Al Haniyah, 6.3 km west of Al Hamammah, turnoff is 50 m west of new mosque, rough track on top of ridge then turn west (1km).	Permanent landing site. Protected marsa.
30 360	SUSAH	31°54' N 21°58' E	About 25 km north of Al Bayda. Harbour with poor shelter by old jetty, protection by reef barrier. Moorage for small artisanal fishing craft, medium gillnetters. Deep waters >35 m close offshore.	Permanent landing site. Offshore cage farming an option to study using harbour as shore base.
30 410	DARNAH	32°16' N 22°39' E	164 km west of Tubruk; 91 km east of Al Bayda. Modern harbour with jetties and piers. Shared between commercial, navy, and fishing craft. Deep waters >35 m close offshore.	Permanent landing site. Offshore cage farming an option to study using harbour as shore base.
30 420	WADI KHALIJ	32°40' N 22°56' E	At pumping station 5 km east on Derna-Tubruk main road, turn on tarmac road leading to Sidi Awn for 27km. Scenic wadi mouth opening between high cliffs, deep gorge with brackish water lagoon running back from sandbar barrier at beach. Popular picnic/recreation spot for Darnah residents. Seasonal landing site for artisanal fishers. Important wetland habitat and bird/ waterfowl refuge for both resident and migrant populations. Under threat from use pressures, sand quarrying.	Permanent landing site. Remarks as for Wadi El Hamassah below.
30 430	WADI EL HAMASSAH	32°39' N 23°00' E	30km east of Derna pumping station on Derna-Tubruk road, take tarmac road towards north for 13km (straight goes to view point above wadi), turn east and proceed to next tarmac road going north for 1–2km and winding down to wadi bottom. Very impressive wadi mouth opening between high cliffs, good shelter from north and east, deep gorge with estuarine lagoon continues inland. As with Khalij, lagoon and fringing vegetation provide rare wetland habitat for bird populations. Less use pressure than Khalij, but some recreational, sheep herding, and seasonal landing site activities.	No aquafarming projects should be undertaken at either Wadi El Khalij and Wadi El Hamassah, as both sites warrant protection as nature/wetland reserves. An interministerial task force should be set up to facilitate this step. The protected area ideally should include a marine reserve zone as well.
30 450	WADI ABOU EL AGIG	32°38' N 23°06' E	3.5 km west of Ras Ettin. Wadi mouth between cliffs, exposed to north. Seasonal landing site.	Not suitable for aquafarming projects.
30 460	RAS ETTIN	32°37' N 23°07' E	At Um ar Rzam take tarmac road north for 15 km. Sandy beach sheltered by reef barrier. Landing site for artisanal fishers. Marshy area lies back from beach. Shallow water and seasonal fluctuation, drying.	Permanent landing site. Little/no prospects for aquafarming projects.
ZONE 5: TUBRUK (BUMBA TO EGYPTIAN BORDER)			Mainly rocky shoreline with coastal plain broadening out after skirting Jabal Akdhar. Flatter expanses of wetland and sabkha around Gulf of Bumba. Cliffs, headlands, wadi bays and gorges to east.	Flat sites with sandy/sandy-clay soils suitable for small-scale pond or raceway culture, depending in individual site surveys.
--	KHALIJ BUMBA	32°25' N 23°06' E	Bumba village is 16.6 km east of Umm ar Rzam and 14km north of At Timimi. At 3.6 km southeast of petrol station, go east on dirt road for 4.5km. Very shallow lagoon not suitable for any cage/pen aquafarming development though useful as fry collection point. Marsh areas around shoreline important wetland habitat for birdlife. Waters in gulf outside of lagoon relatively well sheltered for nursery cages, and offshore waters of sufficient depth exist within convenient operating ranges, so site offers one of most suitable locations for open sea cage projects anywhere along coast	Lagoon proper offers no prospects for aquafarming projects, except as fry collection site (present use). Lagoon and adjoining marsh areas stretching around shoreline towards At Timimi are of inherent value as nature spots, bird refuges, and warrant consideration for official status as such. Offshore farming systems are a strong possibility and should be given serious study for this portion of the Gulf of Bumba.
30 470	BUMBA EAST	32°26' N 23°07' E	Bumba village is 16.6km east of Um ar Rzam and 14km north of At Timimi. 4.1km on main road south of Bumba village mosque, go 3.2km on dirt road past old military air base on the left.	Permanent landing site. Open beach on eastern bank of Khalij Bumba.
30 480	BUMBA WEST	32°25' N 23°06' E	Bumba village is 16.6km east of Umm ar Rzam and 14km north of At Timimi. 3.6km south-east of petrol station, go east on dirt road for 4.5km.	Permanent landing site. Open beach on western bank of Khalij Bumba.
30 490	AT TIMIMI	32°19' N 23°06' E	5km south-east of At Timimi village turn north on dirt road just before police check point.	Permanent landing site. Wadi mouth opening in flat swamp area.
30 510	AIN EL GHAZALA	32°12' N 23°18' E	At 30 km southeast of At Tamimi village, concrete road leads to GADA/APC project buildings. Deep inland lagoon; fishing boats stay at the entrance. Existing cage culture operations for sea bass, sea bream, mullet, and eel. Mussel culture attempted in past, with apparent good results. Need to strengthen project operational and maintenance routines, data recording systems. Capacity of lagoon to sustain further expansion cage culture not determined, though likely very limited. Onshore installations more promising area for emphasis, as well as possible tie-in with offshore trial operations out of Khalij Bumba.	Permanent landing site. Data collection and information management activities should be upgraded and more closely attended. Trial work should include closer monitoring of true production costs and study of potential market outlets and price levels. More attention should be paid to basic maintenance of equipment, adherence to feeding schedules, work routines, etc. Substantial further hydraulic and related studies should be carried out before any expansion of present cage culture activities within the lagoon is contemplated. Explore option of focussing more on onshore trial ponds, and possible integration of activities with larger project involving open sea cage farming operations in waters off Khalij Bumba.
30 540	QARDABAH - EL KUZ - EL MHETAH - MRASSAS AREA	32°11' N 23°39' E (Mrassas)	25km west of Tubruk, tarmac road to north for 9km to sandy track. Open sandy beaches backed with dunes and sabkhat marshlands. Marine turtle nesting sites.	Little/no prospects for aquafarming development. Inherent value as nature reserves and should be designated as such.
30 570	ABOU DOUAISSAH	32°07' N 23°51' E	3km east of Wadi Sahal (32°08' N, 23°50' E as distinct from the Wadi Sahal east of Tubruk) rough road branches right just before diving down to Wadi Sahal. Wadi mouth with sandy beach between cliffs.	Wadi mouth subject to flash flooding. Little/no prospects/reason for aquafarming project.
30 580	TOUBBEIRG	32°07' N 23°55' E	5km west of Tubruk on Darnah road turn north asphalted road for 6km. Wadi mouth with dyke separating cultivation area from sandy beach. Freighter wreck on eastern side.	Permanent landing site. Wadi mouth; with little/no prospects for projects.
30 600	WADI ABDOUL RASUL	32°11' N 23°59' E	Due north across from Tubruk city after 1km turn left along industrial area.	Permanent landing site. Beach and sandy wadi mouth.
30 620	TUBRUK	32°05' N 23°55' E	Excellent natural harbour. Commercial port, fishing craft, oil terminal. Severe pollution problems in harbour and around whole of Tubruk peninsula. Deep waters >35m close inshore.	Permanent landing site. Offshore cage farming an option to study using harbour as shore base. Major campaign coordinated between relevant official agencies needed to deal with pollution, coastal zone degradation problems. Coastal master plan urgently needed to provide basis for controlled environmental restoration.
30 630	MARSA OUM ESHAOUCH	32°05' N 23°55' E	1–2 km east of Tubruk police gate. Go north on tarmac road to Nadi Bayad, turn west just before reaching onto dirt road. Follow old pipeline and turn north to marsa by black & white oil terminal line beacons. Very good sheltered anchorage with several beaches and wadi mouths. Potential pollution hazards from oil terminal.	One of few sites along coast where inshore cage farming operations could conceivably be mounted. Warrants investigation.
30 640	EL AGHEILA	32°00' N 24°15' E	5 km east of AL Qarah, go north on asphalted road starting near watch tower, becomes a dirt road in towards the end. Sheltered anchorage by rocky point	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 650	MARSA ABOU EL AFARTT	32°00' N 24°25' E	19 km east of Al Qarah and 8–9 km west of Kambut, see coffee shop standing middle nowhere with Italian milestone in front Go north on asphalted/dirt road for 500m, then west after the little hill for 1 km, men north before reaching the farm, heading towards a watch tower near sea. Very well protected deep wadi bay.	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 660	WADI SAHAL	31°58' N 24°32' E	22 km west of Marsa Lucch at the end of the asphalted road, turn north towards the end to reach the wadi mouth, then turn west and cross two wadi mouths. Isolated big house on the hill (fishers). The marsa further down west Wadi mouth with sand beach.	Permanent landing site. Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 670	MARSA GABES	31°59' N 24°35' E	17 km west of Marsa Lucch, dirt road going north on west side of village. Open beach with dunes.	Little/no prospects for aquafarming projects.
30 680	MARSA LUCCH	32°01' N 24°26' E	38 km west of Bardiyah, turn north of 16 km asphalted road. Breakwater, pier and boat ramp reportedly built 1979, but inadequate protection from northern & eastern winds, seas. Pierside depth ca. 3 m.	Permanent landing site. Landing facilities and possible offshore service base, but unprotected. Not particularly suitable for aquafarming projects.
30 690	MARSA EL AWRAH	31°58' N 24°54' E	10–12km east of Marsa Lucch after passing Wadi Shuwaymarah, turn north on dirt road then cross sand dunes (4x4 must). Beach on wadi mouth and sand dunes.	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 710	MARSA AL MARAIYSSAH	31°54' N 25°02' E	3.7km W of Bardiyah police check point (El Jefen), turn north on 16 km asphalted road, last km rough track. Small open bay to the east.	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 720	MARSA HAREGAH	31°48' N 25°04' E	100m east of Bardiyah/Egypt road junction, turn north on 5km of rough track.	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 730	WADI ABOU KHALIFA	31°46' N 25°05' E	Among the first houses of Bardiyah, turn north-east on 1km of dirt road. Wadi mouth with small little island in the middle of the entrance.	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 740	MARSA BARDIYAH	31°45' N 25°05' E	End of El Bardiyah tarmac road going down the cliff. Natural sheltered harbor, pier space. Exposed east and northeast. Bay subject to silting and flooding from feeder wadis. Deep waters >35m close inshore.	Permanent landing site. No strong prospects for aquafarming within bay. Possible offshore cage farming service base, but security and poaching risks to consider.
30 750	WADI EL KWEFIA	31°44' N 25°06' E	2 km straight line from Bardiyah. Border area.	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.
30 760	WADI EL MREGAH	31°45' N 25°07' E	6 km straight line from Bardiyah. Border area.	Wadi mouth; little/no suitability for aquafarming projects.