1. Abu-Zaid, Mahmoud. 1993. Water, a Source of Tension in the 21st Century. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt. (In Arabic)
2. Arab-Engineers Union and Jordanian Engineers Association. 2003. Water and Energy Forum. Amman, Jordan. September. (Proceedings in Arabic)
3. Arab-Agricultural Engineers Union. 2002. Cooperation of the Arab World: Towards Efficient Management of Environmental Resources. Proceedings of the 14th Periodic Technical Conference, Amman, Jordan. January. (In Arabic)
4. FAO. 2002. Regional Workshop on Irrigation Advisory and Training Services in the Near East. Regional Office for the Near East. Cairo, Egypt.
5. FAO. 2002. The FAO irrigated area forecast for 2030. Rome, Italy.
5. FAO. 2002. The State of Food and Agriculture- Agriculture and Global Public Goods- Ten Year after the Earth Summit. Rome, Italy.
6. FAO. 2001. Regional Consultation on Investment in Land and Water in the Near East. Regional Office for the Near East. Cairo, Egypt
7. FAO. 2000. Users Manual for Irrigation with Treated Wastewater. Regional Office for the Near East.
8. FAO. 1996. National Water Policy Reforms in the Near East. Regional Office for the Near East, Cairo, Egypt.
9. FAO. 1993. The State of Food and Agriculture - Water Policies and Agriculture. Rome, Italy.
10. ESCWA. 1995. Expert Group Meeting on the Implications of Agenda 21 for Integrated Water Management in the ESCWA Region. Amman, Jordan. October.
11. ESCWA. 1993. Regional Symposium on Water Use and Conservation. Amman, Jordan. November.
12. International Water Resources Association. 1994. International Waters of the Middle East, From Euphrates - Tigris to Nile.
13. International Water Resources Association. 1993. Middle East Water Forum. Cairo, Egypt. February.
14. Peter Rogers and Peter Lydon (eds.) 1994. Water in the Arab World: Perspectives and Prognosis. Harvard University Press.
15. The World Bank. 1994. A Strategy for Managing Water in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, D.C.
16. The World Bank. 1994. From Scarcity to Security, Averting a Water Crisis in MENA. Washington, D.C.
17. The Word Bank. 1995. The MENA Issues in Development. Washington, D.C.
18. The World Bank. 1994. Management of Water Resources Affairs. Washington, D.C. (In Arabic)
19. Green Cross International Publications on Water Conflicts, Switzerland 2002.
Websites:
http://www.fao.org (AQUASTAT database)
| Country | Area (1999) | Total Population (FAOSTAT) 2000 | Average Precipitation 1961-1990 (IPCC) | Internal Resources surface | Internal Resources groundwater | Internal Res. Overlap | Internal Res. Total | Ext. Res. Natural | Ext. Res.
actual |
Total Res. natural | Total Res. actual | Dep. ratio | IRWR per capita | TRWR actual per capita |
| Km2 | 1 000 inhab. | km3/yr | km3/yr | km3/yr | km3/yr | km3/yr | km3/yr | km3/yr | km3/yr | km3/yr | % | m3/c/yr | m3/c/yr | |
| Afghanistan | 652 090 | 21 765 | 213.4 | - | - | - | 55.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 65.0 | 65.0 | 15.4 | 2 527 | 2 986 |
| Algeria | 2 381 740 | 30 291 | 211.5 | 13.2 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 13.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 2.9 | 459 | 473 |
| Azerbaijan | 86 600 | 8 041 | 38.7 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 8.1 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 73.2 | 1 009 | 3 765 |
| Bahrain | 690 | 640 | 0.1 | 0.004 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.004 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 96.6 | 6 | 181 |
| Cyprus | 9 250 | 784 | 4.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 995 | 995 |
| Djibouti | 23 200 | 632 | 5.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 475 | 475 |
| Egypt | 1 001 450 | 67 884 | 51.4 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 85.0 | 56.5 | 86.8 | 58.3 | 96.9 | 27 | 859 |
| Iran | 1 633 190 | 70 330 | 372.4 | 97.3 | 49.3 | 18.1 | 128.5 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 137.5 | 137.5 | 6.6 | 1 827 | 1 955 |
| Iraq | 438 320 | 22 946 | 94.7 | 34.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 35.2 | 61.2 | 40.2 | 96.4 | 75.4 | 53.3 | 1 534 | 3 287 |
| Jordan | 89 210 | 4 913 | 9.9 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 22.7 | 138 | 179 |
| Kuwait | 17 820 | 1 914 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 100.0 | 0 | 10 |
| Kazakhstan | 2 724 900 | 16 172 | 680.4 | 69.3 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 75.4 | 34.2 | 34.2 | 109.6 | 109.6 | 31.2 | 4 664 | 6 778 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 199 900 | 4 921 | 106.5 | 44.1 | 13.6 | 11.2 | 46.5 | 0.0 | -25.9 | 46.5 | 20.6 | 0.0 | 9 439 | 4 182 |
| Lebanon | 10 400 | 3 496 | 6.9 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 4.8 | 0.04 | -0.4 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 1 373 | 1 261 |
| Libya | 1 759 540 | 5 290 | 98.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 113 | 113 |
| Malta | 320 | 390 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 129 | 129 |
| Mauritania | 1 025 520 | 2 665 | 94.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 96.5 | 150 | 4 278 |
| Morocco | 446 550 | 29 878 | 154.7 | 22.0 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 29.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 29.0 | 29.0 | 0.0 | 971 | 971 |
| Oman | 212 460 | 2 538 | 26.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 388 | 388 |
| Pakistan | 796 100 | 141 256 | 393.3 | 47.4 | 55.0 | 50.0 | 52.4 | 181.4 | 170.3 | 233.8 | 222.7 | 76.5 | 371 | 1 576 |
| Qatar | 11 000 | 565 | 0.8 | 0.001 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.051 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3.8 | 90 | 94 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2 149 690 | 20 346 | 126.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 118 | 118 |
| Somalia | 637 660 | 8 778 | 180.1 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 55.6 | 684 | 1 538 |
| Sudan | 2 505 810 | 31 095 | 1 043.7 | 28.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 30.0 | 119.0 | 34.5 | 149.0 | 64.5 | 76.9 | 965 | 2 074 |
| Syria | 185 180 | 16 189 | 46.7 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 39.1 | 19.3 | 46.1 | 26.3 | 80.3 | 432 | 1 622 |
| Tajikistan | 143 100 | 6 087 | 98.9 | 63.3 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 66.3 | 33.4 | -50.3 | 99.7 | 16.0 | 16.7 | 10892 | 2 625 |
| Tunisia | 163 610 | 9 459 | 33.9 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 9.0 | 439 | 482 |
| Turkey | 774 820 | 66 668 | 459.5 | 186.0 | 69.0 | 28.0 | 227.0 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 231.7 | 229.3 | 1.0 | 3 405 | 3 439 |
| Turkmenistan | 488 100 | 4 737 | 78.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 59.5 | 23.4 | 60.9 | 24.7 | 97.1 | 287 | 5 218 |
| U.A.Emirates | 83 600 | 2 606 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 58 | 58 |
| Yemen | 527 970 | 18 349 | 88.3 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 223 | 223 |
Aggregation of data can only be done for internal renewable water resources and not the total renewable water resources, as that would result in double counting of shared water resources.
For some countries large discrepancies exists between national and IPCC data on rainfall average. In these cases, IPCC data were modified to ensure consistency with water resources data.
