NOTES
(i) General Observations
The present Appendix, which complements Appendix 6 and which includes the species and provenances listed in that Annex, represents an up-dated and revised version of the earlier tables which appeared as Appendix 5 in the Report on the 7th Session of FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources (FAO 1990).
FAO's mandate, and that of the present Expert Panel, relates to genetic resources of species of socio-economic value for agricultural and forestry development, with special reference to intra-specific genetic variation found in these species. Endangered and vulnerable species, and species under threat of depletion listed i.a. in documentation published by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), are included only if they meet these basic development criteria. Similarly, although sometimes referring to genera, the list does not refer to ecosystems or biota.
The present Appendix does not present an exhaustive list of woody perennial species in need of attention at national, regional, ecoregional and global levels. The list is aimed at providing information on those species and provenances which the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources, during its 8th Session in June 1993, considered should be given highest, relative priority in the forest genetic resources programme of FAO's Forestry Department; and in programmes of other international, regional, bilateral and national institutions or agencies, including those of national and international non-governmental Organizations and the Private Sector. The list, arranged by regions and sub-regions indicates, whenever possible, priority on a scale from 1 to 3 (see below), for the various operational steps identified: exploration, evaluation, conservation and utilization of germplasm (including selection and breeding).
The Panel recognized that many of the priority ratings must be considered tentative. At times basic information necessary for precise rating was lacking and in this case the list may include only a mention of the genus in question (implying an urgent need for exploration).
While not under-rating the fundamental importance of locally occurring species and the need to gain more information and to ensure the conservation and wise use of this category of woody perennials, the present list focusses on species which, in addition to their local importance, are of actual or potential value also in other countries or areas; or which may be of immediate importance in improvement and breeding programmes of related species in their country of origin and other countries.
There is a need to supplement the present list with more detailed, national lists of priorities for action at local and national levels.
(ii) “End Use of Species” (columns 1–4)
Only species of high actual or potential priority in one (or at times, several) of the four, general end use categories identified, are included.
Column 1, “Industrial Wood”, includes those species whose main use is logs, sawn timber, heavy construction wood, plywood, chip and particle board, wood pulp etc.
Column 2, “Industrial Non-Wood Products”, includes those species which are mainly used for the production of gums, resins, oils, tannins or other products used in small, medium and large-scale local and non-local industries.
Column 3, “Fuelwood, Posts, Poles”, includes those species producing mainly fuelwood and wood used for the production of charcoal and energy; and those used for the production of non-industrial roundwood used on-farm (such as building poles, posts).
Column 4, “Other Uses (goods, services)”, is a category which includes species grown mainly for the production of food, fodder, and for land stabilization, soil amelioration, for shade, shelter and other environmental values.
Complementary information is, at times, given in the “Remarks”-column.
(iii) Operations/Activities
Three priority ratings are used. These ratings provide priority ratings over time, as follows:
Highest priority.
Action should start (or be continued) with immediate effect.
Prompt action recommended.
Action should start within the next two biennia (1994/95; 1996/97).
Need for attention.
Action foreseen to start within the quinquennium 1994–1999.
Complementary information is, at times, given in the “Remarks” -column.
(E) in the “Remarks” -column, signifies endangered with extinction or severe depletion of the gene pool (see also paragraph 2 of “General Observations” above).
| SPECIES | Operations/Activities | REMARKS | ||||||||||
| End use of species | Exploration | Evaluation | Conservation | Germplasm use | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
1. WESTERN USA/CANADA | ||||||||||||
| Abies amabilis |  | | Int. PVT | |||||||||
| A. bracteata | | 2 | ||||||||||
| A. concolor | | 3 | ||||||||||
| A. grandis | | | 3 | Int. PVT | ||||||||
| A. lasiocarpa | | | 2 | Int. PVT | ||||||||
| A. magnifica var. shastaensis | | 3 | ||||||||||
| A. procera | | | Int. PVT, breeding programs | |||||||||
| Acer macrophyllum | | | In situ cons. stands | |||||||||
| Alnus rhombifolia | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| A. rubra | | | | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | PVT. Seed in storage for int. PVT | ||||
| A. sinuata | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| A. tenuifolia | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| Arbutus menziesii | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| Betula fontinalis | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| B. papyrifera | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| Castanopsis chrysophylla | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| Celtis douglasii | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| Chamaecyparis lawsoniana | | Root rot affecting species:Phytophera lateralis | ||||||||||
| Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | | | | 3 | 3 | 3 | Tests and collections | |||||
| C. macrocarpa | | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
| Cornus nuttalli | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Crataegus douglasii | | 3 | ||||||||||
| C. columbiana | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Cupressus arizonica (complex) | | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| C. bakeri | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Fraxinus latifolia | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Juniperus occidentalis | | 3 | ||||||||||
| J. scopulorum | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Larix laricina | | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
| L. lyallii | | | 2 | |||||||||
| L. occidentalis | | | 3 | 2 | Breeding trials. | |||||||
| Libocedus decurrens | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Lithocarpus densiflorus | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Malus fusca | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Picea breweriana | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Picea engelmannii | | 2 | Int. PVT. Tests and collections | |||||||||
| P. glauca | | Int. PVT. Breeding. | ||||||||||
| P. sitchensis | | Int. PVT. Tests. | ||||||||||
| Pinus albicaulis | | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| P. arizonica | | | 2 | |||||||||
| P. attenuata | | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
| P. chihuahuana | | | 2 | |||||||||
| P. contorta | | | Int. PVT. Recent bulk collections above 5 2 N. Tests | |||||||||
| P. engelmanii | | | 2 | |||||||||
| P. flexilis | | 3 | ||||||||||
| P. jeffreyi | | 2 | ||||||||||
| P. lambertiana | | Int. PVT | ||||||||||
| P. monticola | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. ponderosa | | 2 | Breeding progr. | |||||||||
| P. radiata | | Int. PVT. Gene pool stands | ||||||||||
| P. washoensis | | | 2 | |||||||||
| Populus tremuloides | | Collections | ||||||||||
| P. trichocarpa | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Pseudotsuga menziesii | | Int. PVT. Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. macrocarpa | | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Quercus chrysolepis | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Q. garryana | | | 2 | 1 | British Columbia, USA | |||||||
| Q. kelloggii | | 3 | ||||||||||
| Rhamnus purshiana | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| Salix amygdaloides | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| S. hindsiana | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| S. hookenana | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| S. lasiandra | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| S. lasiolepis | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| S. scouleriana | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
| Sequoia sempervirens | | Collections | ||||||||||
| Taxus brevifolia | | | | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Use for taxol | ||||
| Thuja plicata | | | 3 | 3 | Collection and testing | |||||||
| Tsuga heterophylla | | 2 | Collection and testing | |||||||||
| T. mertensiana | | Collection | ||||||||||
| Umbellularia california | | In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
2. EASTERN USA/CANADA | ||||||||||||
| Abies balsamea | | | 3 | 3 | Breeding progr. | |||||||
| A. fraseri | | | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | Breeding progr. | |||||
| Acer saccharum | | | | | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| Betula alleghaniensis | | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| Carya cordiformis | | 3 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||
| C. illinoensis | | 3 | 3 | Of recent interest to China | ||||||||
| C. ovata | | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
| Castanea dentata | | | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Celtis tenuifolia | | | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
| Fraxinus americana | | 3 | ||||||||||
| F. quadrangulata | | | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| Gymnocladus dioieus | | | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Juglans cinerea | | 2 | 2 | 2 | Ex situ cons. required in Canada | |||||||
| J. nigra | | | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Larix laricina | | 3 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||
| Liquidambar styraciflua | | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Liriodendron tulipifera | | 3 | 3 | 2 | Collection and testing in Eastern U.S. | |||||||
| Magnolia acuminata | | | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Picea glauca | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. mariana | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. rubens | | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
| Platenus occidentalis | | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Pinus banksiana | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. clausa | | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
| P. rigida | | | 3 | |||||||||
| P. echinata | | 2 | 2 | Breeding progr. in Eastern U.S. | ||||||||
| P. elliottii | | Breeding progr. in Eastern U.S. | ||||||||||
| P. palustris | | Breeding progr. in Eastern U.S. | ||||||||||
| P. resinosa | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. serotina | | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| P. strobus | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. taeda | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. virginiana | | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Populus balsamifera | | 2 | 3 | 2 | High potential for biomass on medium fertility soils | |||||||
| P. deltoides | | Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
| P. tremuloides | | 3 | 3 | Breeding progr. in U.S. | ||||||||
| Prunus serotina | | 3 | 3 | 3 | Canadian populations at extremes of range | |||||||
| Ptelea trifoliata | | | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| Quercus alba | | | 2 | 3 | 3 | Canadian populations at extremes of range | ||||||
| Q. borealis | | | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| Q. macrocarpa | | | 1 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| Robinia pseudoacacia | | | 3 | |||||||||
| Taxodium ascendens | | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| T. distichum | | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| Torreya taxifolia | | 2 | ||||||||||
| Ulmus americana | | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | Resistance breeding progr. | ||||
