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II. ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES OF THE ORGANIZATION (continued)
II. ACTIVITES ET
PROGRAMMES DE L'ORGANISATION (suite)
II.
ACTIVIDADES Y PROGRAMAS DE LA ORGANIZACION (continuación)

16. Review of Field Programmes (continued)
16. Examen des programmes de terrain (suite)
16. Examen de los programas de campo (continuación)

CHAIRMAN: The Secretary advises the Chair that we now have a quorum and can proceed on business. The Chair will observe that consistent with practice we are 25 minutes late and we will be going late this evening. We are towards the end and in order to make up time we may go very very late today and we may go very very late tomorrow. We would suggest that one way to avoid going too late tomorrow would be to be on time tomorrow morning.

Zbigniew KARNICKI (Poland): Like other delegations which have spoken so far during the discussion of the topic in hand, Poland attaches great importance to the FAO Field Programme since this Pro­gramme is closely linked to and receives feedback from the Regular Programme activities. We also see the Field Programme as an expression of international solidarity and commitment to work together and to solve acute global problems in an increasingly inter-dependent world. The document C 87/4 which we are discussing now is a comprehensive and a very good one. We wish to congratulate the Secretariat for its preparation and we also appreciate the excellent way Mr Lignon has introduced this document to this Commission.

The Polish delegation shares the pertinent and thoughtful remark on the importance and orientation of the Field Programme in the Director-General's statement to the Plenary session on 9th November. This delegation supports efforts of FAO to enhance further cooperation with countries and interna­tional organizations in increasing both resources for and the effectiveness of Field Programme activities. In our view the findings and conclusions of the document C 87/4 and statements made during this debate are of value not only to FAO but also to the Member Governments, United Nations agencies as well as countries and institutions concerned with aid and technical cooperation pro­grammes thus permitting better coordination of these activities. In this connection the Polish delegation notes with appreciation that a comprehensive and integrated field project information and monitoring system will become operational during the next biennium. It should help a lot in current management of FAO activities in the field projects. It is not possible to make comments on such a broad document in such a short time, and therefore I wish to limit myself to just a few remarks which I consider to be the most important.

We particularly appreciate very frank and sober comments and evaluation of project performance carried out by FAO country representatives. Their assessment comes from the front Line - if we can use this military term. These findings should, therefore, be studied thoroughly and conclusions drawn and appropriately applied.

The Polish delegation notes with appreciation the fact that project evaluations - made by independent evaluation missions have been strengthened and new improved procedures implemented. However, per­formances of evaluating missions have to be still improved and it is worrying the fact that 27 per­cent of the total evaluation reports have produced recommendations which were not supported by adequate analysis (see paragraph 2.47). It goes without saying that implementation of such recom­mendations may have a serious negative impact on future project performance.

We tend to agree, with the assertions made in the evaluation chapter with regard to the final ana­lysis that the motivation and dedication of the international and local staff involved in a project, and their understanding and cooperation is the major, if not the most important factor, together with planning, which determines what a project can or cannot achieved.

With reference to Chapter 4 - the Changing Nature of Field Activities - the Polish delegation would be satisfied if the future priorities of field activities were to be spelt out in a clear way. We


feel that to define the priorities clearly will help us utilize available resources in a better and more efficient manner.

I should like to highlight a few other brief comments on the Field Programme. First, in our opinion, the TCP is vital for the FAO Activities Programme. This is a programme which can respond quickly to requests for urgent assistance and we found it extremely important, knowing particularly that the approval procedure for trust fund projects is very often lengthy. Secondly, as regards training, we consider this clement as the best long-term investment. We urge FAO, therefore, to further expand this clement in its field programmes. For our part, we offer training opportunities which exist in Poland, particularly in the area of agriculture and fisheries.

The amount of expertise available in developing countries is growing continuously. My delegation is in full agreement with the comment made by the distinguished representative of Colombia regarding the increased use of national exports and insti tut ions in the implementaion of FAO field programmes as a means to link this programme more effectively with the recipient countries' needs, thus ensuring a quicker implementation. What is most important is the continuation of necessary activities after the termination of the FAO project.

Thirdly, we wish to encourage FAO in the continued expansion of TCDC and ECDC approaches. In our opinion TCDC is of particular importance in applied research programmes and the implementation of the results. Our delegation notes with satisfaction the expansion of TCDC initiatives in Africa, the Near East and recently in the Caribbean. In the area of ECDC (given the present financial con­straints in the developing countries) our delegation sees some achievements. The best example of success in this area (though not mentioned in this Review of Field Programmes) is the Regional Fish Marketing Information Service for Asia, an FAO project which recently became an inter-governmental organization funded by cash contributions from participating countries and from its own income. Its activites involve the use of experts from developing countries.

Finally, in the time of economic constraints all over the world coordination of field project acti­vities between all donor countries and institutions involved, it is essential to avoid the duplication of activities and the waste of scarce resources. Therefore our delegation wishes to recommend strongly that this matter should obtain the attention it deserves in the implementation of FAO field programmes.

CHAIRMAN: The next speaker will be Denmark, but to ensure that the speakers this afternoon arc not speaking to a distinct minority, we are going to have a quorum roll call. I will ask the Secretariat to read the names of all the countries so we can establish if we have one third of member countries here. We arc not going to conduct business in which more than two thirds of the member countries do not participate. The rules state a quorum for discussion is one third. We will now have a roil call.

Roll Call
Appel Nominal
Apelación Nominal

CHAIRMAN: We have a quorum.

Ms Susan ULBAEK (Denmark): Trends in the world economy during the past years have not improved the outlook for developing countries. Add to this that the total net resource flow to developing coun­tries fell in 1986 in real terms. In such a situation it becomes even more important that the resources flowing to developing countries are optimally spent. Decisive action concerning prio­rities in and coordination of basic elements in agricultural development policies need to be taken into account when assessing the feasibilit' of projects in order to ensure an effective project implementation. During the past years FAO seems to have lost sight of this very important aspect of


its activity. increasingly, projects seem to be planned in a sort of vacuum. In most cases they are technically sound, but often they are identified, prepared and implemented without the necessary consideration to the overall political framework including the country programmes worked out by UNDP. Some projects appear over-ambitious, without due consideration to the conditions in the recipient country and the donor resources. A strengthening of FAO's activities towards policy issues is there­fore necessary, also in the context of field programmes, in order to enable FAO to place the con­crete project in a coherent agricultural policy and overall development framework in the individual developing countries. This does of course not imply that FAO should not continue formulating and implementing projects. But we would like to emphasize that these projects should be of an innovative nature based upon the eminent technical expertise in FAO encompassing the research and analysis which is undertaken by the Organization. This is important to DANIDA as we would like to continue to see FAO also as a widening of our own resource base which we can draw upon in our bilateral development efforts in the developing countries.

Allow me to turn to the financial situation in FAO over the past years. For some time the Trust Fund section in the Field Programme has been steadily growing whereas the UNDP-Funded Share has been decreasing. The report before the Conference on the field programmes shows however that the UNDP Share is now growing. Denmark welcomes this trend. It is a positive development reflecting the improved resource position of the UNDP which Denmark, together with other countries, considers the main funding agency of the UN systems development activities. This could eventually lead to a decrease in the need for future Trust Fund financing. We have noted with satisfaction that alloca­tions to field projects in Africa after a period of stagnation in the biennium 1984-85 increased to 40 percent of the total. My delegation welcomes an expected additional increase of 5 percent during the period 1986-87. This trend should be further strengthened considering the growth in activities due to increased UNDP funds. It seems to be possible without cutting the nominal aid to other geo­graphical parts of the world. We do not want to see a fixed low limit for Africa. We would however like to underline that recently in a World Bank context the donors agreed to a percentage for Africa of 40 to 50 percent. Let me also mention that the Danish Aid to Africa equals 60 percent of the total bilateral development assistance.

According to the report the main project component is still personnel although declining as it should be. At the same time a shift from long-term to short-term consultants is on the way. More and more developing countries wish to increase the use of national experts. This is a healthy development which must be encouraged, although at the same time an effective project implementation based on thorough local knowledge and professional competence must be ensured.

Once again FAO has appraised the quality of project activities. This assessment is based on reports from the FAO Country Representatives and evaluation reports with the aim of improving the field programme. My Delegation appreciates this effort, including the reporting on negative tendencies. , We would however have liked to see a more analytical approach to the.development impact as stressed by Finland. The Report does not show drastic changes in the overall project performance although we would have preferred to note an upward trend instead of a recorded slight decrease. The FAO Representatives' judgements on the prospects for project follow-up is worrying. Adjustments are more pessimistic than earlier and are linked to budgetary problems in the developing countries over the recent years. The Danish Delegation feel once again obliged to stress that the reported low output of the least developed countries should not lead to cuts in FAO's activities in these countries.

The Danish Delegation welcomes the strengthening of FAO's Project Formulation and Evaluation Division which should enhance FAO's ability to learn from past experience. We would like to see this trend continue and at the same time stress that we find independent evaluations very important, as we said, in connection with the discussion on the Regular Programme.

Denmark attaches great importance to two aspects of development - that of environment and that of women. Denmark supports FAO's efforts in these areas. One must insistently point to the importance of environmental considerations when dealing with development issues. When assessing new projects the inclusion of the concept of sustainable development as defined.by the World Commission on Environment and Development, in its report published early this year, is supported fully by my Delegation.


Concerning the "women in development" issue we want to stress the necessity of increased emphasis on the impact of women on project activities at all steps in the project cycle. So far specific wonen's activities have dominated FAO's approach to women and development. Denmark hopes that FAO will feel encouraged to pursue and increase the Organization's efforts to integrate women in develop­ment aspects in the projects and programmes, in the light of this discussion in Commission I on the progress report on WCARRD and the Nordic resolution on the FAO activities related to the integration of women in development which was adopted last Thursday.

Saiim SARRAF (Liban) (langue originale arabe): Je voudrais tout d'abord remercier le Secrétariat qui nous a présenté un document très intéressant sur l'Examen du programme de terrain 1986-87. Tout cela nous a donné des informations et une analyse des programmes de terrain et de l'Organisation.

Je voudrais remercier tout particulièrement M. Lignon qui nous a présenté une introduction fort claire.

Ma délégation voudrait dire combien elle est satisfaite de ces programmes de terrain dans leur ensemble. Nous nous sommes attachés particulièrement au Chapitre III de cet examen qui porte sur l'assistance fournie par la FAO aux pays et gouvernements dans la planification des politiques. Les projets dans ce domaine sont d'une importance capitale pour mon pays qui a récemment ,bénéficié d'un projet concernant la relance ou la remise en état des structures du Ministère de l'agriculture, compte tenu des circonstances difficiles dans lesquelles le Liban se trouve placé en ce moment.

Je voudrais souligner tout particulièrement le rôle du Programme de coopération technique qui nous a permis d'avoir des activités d'investissement. Le PCT a été particulièrement utile et actif.

Je n'ai pas l'intention de faire une longue intervention. Nous avons fort peu de temps à not re disposition et nous sommes bien en retard par rapport à notre calendrier. Je voudrais toutefois insister sur la nécessité d'accroître la capacité des pays en développement pour qu'ils puissent eux-mêmes résoudre leurs problèmes. ll faut également de plus en plus faire appel aux experts locaux pour qu'ils participent aux projets et aux programmes. Cela va dans le sens objectif des pays en développement pour accroître leurs possibilités de résoudre leurs propres problèmes.

Vaclav DOBES (Czechoslovakia): First I would like to congratulate the Assistant Director-General on a comprehensive introduction. My Delegation appreciates how well prepared and easy to survey document. C 87/4 and C 87/LIM/20 are, and attaches the highest value to the suggestion of the trend and the expected future development of the FAO Field Programmes. We believe that the projects and other operating activities in the field are among the major links of the Organization's work, as for the development of agriculture production, forestry and fisheries in the developing countries. What we also appreciate is that the document analyses the causes and implications of the economic development of the countries of the developing world in the past period, and the influence of this development on agriculture. It must be stated that under the present conditions FAO activities in the developing countries have a growing importance in overcoming the internal and external obstacles to the development of agriculture and the foodstuff industry.

It is generally known that the sums of UNDP money provided for the development of the agriculture sector have decreased considerably and that this has of course also affected the joint FAO UNDP projects. According to information contained in the document of the Fourth UNDP Programme Cycle 1987 - 1991, some increase of UNDP's contribution to the projects implemented through FAO can now be expected.

In our view it is essential that this should be exercised effectively and therefore we propose that the effectiveness of the evaluation service be enhanced in all stages of field projects. We consider it necessary that the UNDP contribution to the agriculture sector should be increased. Although good results have been achieved, extraordinary attention has to be paid to developing agriculture and food production, especially in Africa and some other developing countries outside the African continent where the situation is particularly complicated. It is Czechoslovakia's interest that the proportions of the developing countries should be improved in regard to participation of their


experts, consultants and institutions in the implementation of FAO's field programmes. Czechoslovakia's proportion is too low and does not correspond to the high quality and long traditions of its technical institutions. The possibilities of training and education at universities, research institutes and other such institutions are also used insufficiently: hence there are considerable resources remaining in the cooperation between Czechoslovakia and the FAO. We believe strongly that they will be utilized in the implementation of the first programme cycle of the UNDP. ln this context, we are ready also to discuss the use of our country's accumulated contribution to the UNDP international currency in order that FAO could use it for strengthening new programmes, implemented in favour of the developing countries. Although Czechoslovakia will not receive UNDP technical assistance from 1988 onwards, we are still interested in being involved in the regional programmes of the UNDP.

Usama AL-BIBEISI (Jordan) (original language Arabic): At the outset, my delegation would like to thank the Secretariat for the commendable effort exerted in the preparation of document C 87/4, which indicates clearly the field programmes of the Organization. However, it is worthy of note, regarding these programmes and especially the present budget expenditures on field programmes, especially in Table 4.1, that research is given only 1 percent of the total reserve allocations and these allocations were stagnant for the two years 1984-85 and 1986-87. This is a cause of concern. It indicates that the efforts are modost in order to increase the research capabilities of beneficiary countries. In this respect I should like to support what was said by the representative of France as regards research and extension work. Secondly, my delegation believes there is some vagueness in relation to Table 1.4 as regards crops. Did it include also research on these commodities, and what is the difference between this item which has got the lion's share and the one relating to research? We should like to have clarification about that from the Secretariat.

Thirdly, it is also noted while analysing the expenditure for field programme 1.5 that a high proportion of expenditures are related to consultants. This has reached 35 percent of the total expenditures. Noting that this percentage in the programmes implemented by the Secretariat was not better, training was given in only 9 percent, and that shows this is not given due care in spite of its paramount importance in building the self-capability of beneficiary countries. This has been a criticism in respect of bilateral contacts but if this is also the approach to be followed in the field programmes of the Organization, this is really strange. We hope the Organization will review the approach not only to cut down the expenditures but also to support training and to avail itself of domestic capabilities in order to cut down expenditures and support the Organization and to make it really competitive vis à vis the bilateral contracting.

Poonsup PIYA-ANANT (Thailand): Our delegation would like to express our admiration for the work spent in preparing the document and its outstanding presentation concerning the Review of Field Programmes. We further notice that the various points contained in the document C 87,/4 spell out useful information, conceptual framework and systematic approach to monitoring and evaluation. We are especially happy and impressed by the intended arrangement of the very important aspect of the food programmes, as stated in Chapter 3 of the document. This is of the utmost help in building up the capacity of the organizations which provide assistance and those of the recipient countries in the preparation of a sound policy, food programming and budgeting for fruitful field programmes. This endeavour should be given high priority and genuine application so that it can be realized and to make certain that such planning.and budgeting preparation will not appear only on paper, as have some other efforts we have seen. We must see to it that they are actually put into operation.

In the documents, sectoral and sub-sectoral policy and planning support for field programmes are given high priority. In this connection we would like to add some new dimension in order to activate the real achievements of the field projects and programmes. It is our view that multi-sectoral perspectives and policy, planning, programming and budgeting as an integrated approach should be added to the originally stated conceptual framework of sectoral and sub-sectoral planning. This is because in the actual implementation of field programmes we usually have found that if not enough attention is given to multi-sectoral aspects some projects or programmes are vulnerable and do not give satisfactory outputs and inputs, as intended.


Various sectors usually come into important close linkages and integration and they mostly engulf agriculture, education, health, agro-industry, public utilities employment and social sector aspects. Therefore, in designing and preparing the poverty area programmes for identifying poverty-stricken areas, we have embodied such multi-sectoral approaches with satisfactory results in co-attainment after we found out that certain sub-sectoral methods had not sufficiently facilitated sound implementation of field programmes. We would therefore recommend that a multi-sectoral approach be part of the policy planning and budgeting endeavour for field programmes.

ZHU PEIRONG (China) (original language Chinese): First allow me to express my gratitude to the Secretariat for the preparation of such a well covered document, C 87/4. I should like to take this opportunity to make a few remarks on the contents of the document. First, the field programme is a very important means for realizing the objective of FAO in promoting the development oí tho world economy and ensuring freedom from hunger. The steady growth of field programmes is very significant for FAO in assisting member countries to develop their food production and for world food security through increased production. We are pleased to note that the resources used for field programmes have been growing in the past few years. With US$ 315 million in 1986, expenditures in 1986 were up by 8 percent over 1985. Though that did not reach the record level set in 1981 that was a considerable increase after continuous decline for several years. It is gratifying that in 1986 the UNDP's share in FAO's field programme expenditure increased for the first time since 1981. As the United Nations system is a major supporting agency, and UNDP is the channel for a cycle with an improved financial status, the total delivery for FAO/UNDP projects is expected to go up in the coming biennium. All this is significant in favour of the developing countries facing serious food shortages and agricultural problems, particularly those whose economies and technical developments rely'on external assistance to a certain extent.

I should like to refer to the FAO Trust Funds. We are happy to note its continuing growth for years on end. in 1986 it reached US$ 151 million, which accounted for about 54 percent of the expenditures of field projects funded by extra-budgetary resources. This clearly shows the confidence of both the donors and the recipients of FAO's ability to apply its expertise to the execution of the high priority technical assistance and cooperation projects. We hope that FAO will make further efforts in this respect.

Secondly, we have noted that FAO, bearing in mind the geographical distribution of field projects and resources, is focused on Africa. While identifying project coverage and components, it has laid stress on the production of food crops. Meanwhile the funds for the role of development have increased significantly both in terms of absolute value and its share. Allocations for programmes in natural resources, forestry and fisheries have also increased. We support ail these initiatives.. Furthermore, we very much appreciate the fact that in FAO/UNDP field projects the expenditure for the personnel component was reduced to 55 percent in 1986 from 63 percent in 1984: that was the share of equipment purchased restored to 24 percent from 18 percent in 1984.

At the two previous Conferences, the Chinese delegation drew the Secretariat's attention to the share of equipment in the total fund delivery. In fact the equipment assistance has proved to be practical to those developing countries which are short of funds and lagging behind in technology. Due to the great efforts made by FAO, the continuing decline of the equipment share has been brought under control and has now begun to increase. We hope that such a trend will continue and be consolidated.

Thirdly, with appreciation we have noted the viewpoint repeatedly mentioned in the report that the ultimate goal of the technical cooperation between FAO and developing countries is to help the recipient countries to realize self-reliance in their process of development. Our Government has always held that development of agricultural production is a fundamental way for eliminating poverty and food deficits, and adhered to the policy that external assistance should be accompanied by national efforts for self-reliance. In this connection, a number of measures have been taken by FAO, such as (1) paying more attention to intelligence development, particularly women's training, in order to improve the developing countries' ability of self-reliance. As a result, some 6 000 to 7 000 people are being trained annually through various kinds of training activities, totaling 500 000 people since 1980: (2) making every possible use of national experts and agencies to manage the implementation of field projects, for which 45% of field project experts are from developing countries, and agencies of developing countries cover 57% of the total number of executing agencies: (3) promoting TCDC and ECDC activities. We commend FAO for its efforts and we hope that such efforts will be strengthened in the future.


Fourthly, the unsatisfactory aspects of field projects execution mentioned in paragraphs 2.16 and 2.17 have aroused our great concern. We hope that FAO will make further efforts to improve assistance planning and coordination. In planning the activities of field programmes, consideration should be given both to the consistency of its direction, key points and strategic objetives and to the characteristics and specific conditions of recipient countries.

Coordination at Headquarters level, such as between FAO and UNDP, FAO and other UN agencies, and coordination at the national level should also be strengthened so that all 'kinds of assistance activities can supplement one another.

Expenditure for field projects should be open to the greatest extent possible in order to help member countries know more details about the field projects and enable them to make their proposals in this regard. We believe that the ideas mentioned above will be helpful in raising the efficiency of field projects.

China is a developing country with a large population and agriculture is a dominating factor in its economy. In the past few years, China has received active support from FAO in getting assistance from the Organization and other international agencies and in providing assistance to other countries. Most of the direct and indirect assistance projects of FAO to China have achieved tangible results and have to some extent helped to promote the development of our rural economy, food and agriculture production. All these achievements are inseparable from FAO's assistance and the hard work of all the foreign experts invited to China.

Here I would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the agencies concerned and wish to maintain the fine and close cooperation with FAO.

Pedro OYARCE YURASZECK (Chile): Permítame, en primer término, agradecer a la Secretaría por la pre­paración del documento C 87/4 en el cual se analiza y evalúa los niveles, tendencias y los resulta­dos de las actividades operacionales de la FAO. Deseamos también expresar nuestro reconocimiento ai Sr. Lignon por su completa presentación.

Los programas de campo constituyen un instrumento esencial de la cooperación multilateral en la búsqueda de mecanismos que contribuyan a resolver las dificultades complejas que deben enfrentar los países en desarrollo en el ámbito de la alimentación, la agricultura y la pesca. Estos programas consolidan las instituciones locales, ayudan a la investigación, capacitación y desarrollo y exponen nuevas tecnologías.

Mi delegación en su intervención en relación al Programa de Labores y Presupuesto para el bienio 1988/89 tuvo oportunidad de referirse detalladamente a los esfuerzos de la Organización en orden a destinar mayores recursos a la cooperación, al objeto de contribuir a erradicar el hambre, la desnutrición y a favorecer la seguridad alimentaria como un concepto amplio a través de las priorida­des fijadas por los propios Estados Miembros dentro del marco del programa ordinario. La filosofía del programa regular, de carácter general y de perspectiva más a largo plazo, en términos de doctrinas y práctica es diferente a los programas de campo. Estos últimos responden a necesidades puntuales de impacto directo. Sin perjuicio de los programas de campo, no deben en modo alguno desvincularse de las funciones de apoyo técnico de la Organización.

Ai respecto, conviene tener presente qué la FAO es una agencia técnica que dispone de una larga y valiosa experiencia, la cual debe utilizarse en beneficio de fórmulas que estimulen la autosuficien­cia del sector agropecuario en los países en desarrollo.

La estructura de los programas de campo ha evolucionado considerablemente en cuatro decenios. La asistencia técnica de la FAO es valiosa. Sin perjuicio de la diversidad de necesidades de los beneficiarios se percibe que un número importante de países han alcanzado ya una etapa de desarrollo en la que sólo se requiere de la Organización, principalmente, insumos a corto plazo y altamente especializados.

La diversificación de los fondos destinados a proyectos de campo ha aumentado la capacidad de la FAO para responder a las necesidades de los países en desarrollo aplicando un método flexible de manejo de proyectos.


Respecto al Capítulo I, párrafo 12, Tendencias actuales y perspectivas, vemos con satisfacción que los recursos del PNUD muestran un aumento considerable de fondos para el cuarto ciclo quinquenal 1987/91.

Esto refleja la prioridad que los gobiernos conceden al sector agrícola, en el marco de las cifras indicadas de planificación. Por ello, sería apropiado que la Conferencia recomiende la necesidad de dar prioridad a este sector a nivel gubernamental.

En cuanto al párrafo 1.29 y 1.30 del mismo capítulo, en relación al PCT, nuestra Delegación desea expresar su satisfacción con este mecanismo que ha mostrado eficacia en la atención rápida y cober­tura dinámica de las necesidades de los Países Miembros en areas puntuales de acción.

Hemos tomado nota con agrado que el 15 por ciento de estos recursos han sido asignados a proyectos de la región latinoamericana y del Caribe. Confiamos que a pesar de las limitaciones financieras, esa tendencia pueda mantenerse e incluso aumentarse.

En el punto 1.30 se observa que el costo de los proyectos PCT es aproximadamente de 75 000 dólares. Nuestra Delegación estima que en vista de los costos administrativos involucrados en el manejo de estos proyectos, convendría cuando sea apropiado reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de que este valor. medio sea incrementado.

Hemos tomado nota con satisfacción de la aprobación reciente de dos proyectos que benefician a mi país. Uno sobre el control integrado de la mosca del mediterráneo, utilizando la técnica del insec­to estéril, y otro de capacitación eń métodos y técnicas modernas de esquila.

Con respecto a ios párrafos 1.37, 1.38 y 1.39 de este Capítulo, referente a la distribución geográ­fica de las asignaciones a los proyectos de campo, lo que incluye diversas fuentes de financiamiento, lamentamos observar en los Cuadros 1 3 y 1.4, que la tendencia de los gastos destinados a estos proyectos en la región latinoamericana y del Caribe, continua su tendencia decreciente. Sin embargo, es interesante recordar que en numerosos casos los proyectos son ejecutados por expertos y consul­tores locales. Al respecto esperamos que la tendencia del 45 por ciento que refleja el cuadro del Documento, sea incrementada. Este hecho hace disminuir la asignación global de los proyectos para la región. Tal situación no debería en ningún caso prejuzgar la atención de la Organización a los recursos y requerimientos que se destinen a la zona latinoamericana y del Caribe.

En cuanto al Capítulo segundo punto 2.1, mi Delegación considera positiva las funciones realizadas por el Servicio de Evaluación, dentro de los parámetros de los mecanismos de cooperación del Sistema de Naciones Unidas, donde se percibe una clara tendencia a incluir el componente evaluativo como un instrumento básico para una adecuada implementación y seguimiento de proyectos.

Este instrumento reviste particular relevancia en las actividades de campo en la búsqueda de una mayor eficacia en; la aplicación de los programas de campo.

En cuanto ai Capítulo tercero, mi Delegación ve con interés la acción de la Organización y estima apropiadas las conclusiones de la Sección E. Nos parece necesario, sin embargo puntualizar los siguientes aspectos: Primero: la asesoría en la formulación de políticas agrícolas orientándose hacia las fuerzas del mercado, procurando evitar caer en subsidios a la producción y/o exportación, así como buscar una mayor liberalización. Segundo: promover políticas de fomento a la inversión sectorial. Tercero: estimular políticas que garanticen la descentralización y regionalización. Cuarto: Fortalecimiento de la Asesoría Técnica en la fase de elaboración y evaluación de proyectos, y Quinto: apoyo técnico en el mejoramiento del proceso de comercialización hacia mecanismos más transparentes.

En relación al capítulo cuarto, mi Delegación sólo desea limitarse a compartir el enfoque de esa Sección, en especial las ideas contenidas en los párrafos 4.11 y 4.12 y en los aspectos vinculados a la evolución de la administración y operaciones de los proyectos. Nos parece importante enfatizar las actividades gubernamentales en la fase de ejecución de proyectos, así como la capacitación y las redes nacionales de transferencia de tecnología. En el caso de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, se percibe con claridad el componente de gestión nacional.

Por otra parte, es interesante destacar el rol de la mujer en este marco, ello refleja un nivel de implementación valioso a las preocupaciones contempladas en la Estrategia fijada en la Conferencia de Nairobi.


Por otra parte, las labores de apoyo a los programas de campo proporcionada por el Centro de Inver­siones, en materia de preparación de proyectos de desarrollo que puedan contar con recursos de in­versiones de las agencias internacionales de financiamiento, constituyen un aporte real a la solución de los problemas agropecuarios en America Latina y el Caribe.

En este contexto, creemos sería valioso poder ampliar esta acción en nuestra región a través de la reanudación de la cooperación entre Centros de Inversiones y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID).

Los programas de campo constituyen una actividad importante en la acción de la FAO estrechamente vinculados en algunos aspectos, al Programa ordinario. Confiamos que, también, por el conducto de ese Programa, la Organización continúe contribuyendo a la evaluación global del sector agrícola, forestal y pesquero, como una manera de responder a las necesidades crecientes y diversas de los países en desarrollo que aspiran a un orden económico y social mas equitativo.

Temei Iskit, Vice-Chairman of Commission II, took the Chair.
Temei Iskit, Vice-Président de la Commission II, assume la présidence.
Ocupa la presidencia Temei Iskit, Vicepresidente de la Comisión II.

CHAIRMAN: I thank the delegatefrom Chile and before I give the floor to the delegate from Australia who is the next speaker, I want to express my gratitude to the General Committee of this Conference who kindly nominated me as one of the Vice-Chairmen of this Commission. I want, of course, also to express my thanks to all the delegates of this Commission and of the Conference who were good enough to accept me as one of the Vice-Chairmen and I want also to say that it is a pleasure for me to second as Vice-Chairman the Chairman of our Commission, Mr Eckert. I would also like to welcome Mr Lignon among us, the Assistant Director-General of the Development Department, whose presence no doubt will be of great assistance in our work. With these few words I want to give the floor to. the delegate of Australia.

Angus Edward MACDONALO (Australia): May I be one of the first to congratulate you on your appointment to the Chair.

In many ways the Field Programme activities aré the external face which FAO offers in developing countries. In total value each year the Programme represents expenditures one half as large again as the Regular Programme. To this extent the efficiency and effectiveness of the various activities discharged .under the Programme can play a decisive role in promoting agricultural development and alleviating hunger in recipient countries. To this end we consider that greater external evaluation of the Field Programme activities would be to the benefit of FAO. Most other publicly funded agencies have periodic external or peer review, and FAO's Field Programmes should do the same on a regular basis. Having said this we commend the range of external reviews conducted and support the strengthening of the evaluation service within FAO to conduct better monitoring and evaluation.

The Australian delegation notes the concentration of FAO projects in Africa, 44 percent versus Asia and the Pacific 23 percent. The report,, however, says little about the South Pacific or Papua New Guinea. In reference to planning for assistance in fisheries development. On page 92 of the document, no mention is made of the South Pacific , yet this is a most important activity for the region.

The summary of project assessments by FAO representatives indicated that there was a high correlation between successful projects and good management. At the same time concern was expressed about, the ability of extension services to extend benefits to the wider community. These observations,to our mind, reinforce the need for ongoing and externa l evaluations and in the second case for more training and extension in certain agricultural projects. We would note that experience with our own bilateral aid activities have revealed similar trends.


The report advises that in the last two or three years recipient governments have experienced considerable problems in allocating resources, both financial and expertise, to development projects, mainly in Africa. This is often due to changed economic situations and the need for revision of project budget durations and project rates of return. The Australian delegation appreciates the problems experienced by recipient countries in allocating sufficient resources for development projects but points out that often this can be interpreted as an indication of the priorities those governments apply to the particular projects. We consider that some of the problems which the report draws to our attention would be overcome, or at least eased, by the introduction of the Swiss proposal to establish a Field Programme Committee to oversight proposed activities. This would better ensure that Field Programme activities are coordinated with overall national development strategies while enhancing the confidence of donors, both existing and new, to provide trust funds.

Finally, Australia supports FAO's general policy framework as described in the document.

Adel Helmy EL-SARKÍ (Egypt) (original language Arabic): Having studied this subject my count ry wishes to recommend caution in studying the operational activities of the Organization in order to guarantee the efficacy of the Field Programmes, whatever the problem of the Organization may come up against when preparing these programmes. We would like to pay homage to the Organization for its activities in order to improve this study.

Paragraphs 1.1 to 1.3 highlight the very serious problems faced by developing countries within this framework and we should like to compliment the Organization for its efforts in this context, as explained in paragraphs 1.4. Having studied paragraphs 1.12 to 1.15 and on the UNDP-supported programmes, we notice that these programmes have fluctuated as registered in Table 1.2.

We note in paragraph 1.12 that the means and scope for these programmes have improved. We would request the Organization to play its role in the most complete manner and as regards the programmes supported by the UNDP Board, we want to ensure that these programmes are efficaciously implemented. It has been stressed that these programmes have 54 percent of the resources from trust funds in this respect. We should like to express our approval in the terms of paragraph 1.14.

Now turning to 1.21 and 1.28, the Organization's efforts in this respect have increased. As regards granting loans to various countries, my country thinks the Technical Cooperation Programme is extremely important. It has a very positive impact on agricultural programmes. That is why we would point out that we were particularly pleased to see that the allocations to this Programme . referred to in 1.29 have increased. We appreciated the fact that 24 percent of these allocations went to Africa and we note with pleasure that priority was given, in paragraph 1.34, to harvesting and crop problems. We also notice that developing countries are receiving more and more inputs within this same framework, enabling them to better administer the programmes in these countries.

We are also pleased to note what we see in 1.27 to 1.30. Appraisal and evaluation should cover all projects and concentrate on those which are faced with certain difficulties. We should not forget that we should praise the evaluation carried out by the Organization in 1987-88 enabling us to know what are the weak points in the implementation of these programmes. This enables us to plan better working methods for the years to come. Proper evaluation and analysis of the various policies, along with training, are the keystones of the effective technical assistance, of greet value to the recipient countries. We would like to stress the important role played by the Organization in providing this assistance, shown in paragraphs 3.19 to 3.121. Chapter Four refers to evaluations in field activities. We are particularly appreciative of the work done in Africa in order to satisfy the various requirements of the countries concerned here. Paragraphs 4.2 to 4.7 show that there is improved coordination and cooperation between the countries concerned. Also in 4.9 and 4.13 we also note the stress given to training, as we see in 4.15 and 4.19. We are particularly interested in the new dimensions approved by various United Nations agencies as we see in paragraph 4.28. It is proposed that we use local experts for the limitation of field programmes and we should also ask the governments to get involved in the management, as we see in 4.31, 4.32 and 4.33.

We also support everything that is said in this document as regards expanding economic ECDC. This is a very important subject for my country. My country, which has already in the past expressed its support for this Programme, a very important Programme, a Programme which serves the interests of the developing countries. We would welcome all countries within the framework of this Programme.


Antoine SAINTRAINT (Belgique): Je voudrais tout d'abord vous dire combien nous sommes heureux de vous voir présider cette réunion. Je voudrais également dire l'intention du Président de la Com­mission II que si je n'étais pas présent au moment où mon pays fut appelé ce matin en deuxième ou troisième place, c'est parce que nous nous trouvions en Commission III à discuter de la reconstitu­tion du compte de réserve spécial. Et je voudrais quand même attirer votre attention sur le fait qu'il est parfois difficile pour les petites délégations d'être à la fois présentes en Commission pinière et dans les travaux desdifférentes Commissions.

Nous tenions à intervenir sur les programmes de terrain parce que mon pays a ces programmes particu­lièrement à coeur, et que nous apportons notre appui à ce programme qui est un programme dynamique et en expansion.

Nous avons eu l'occasion à plusieurs reprises de souligner que les programmes de terrain doivent être considéré:, comme les compléments indispensables au niveau opérationnel du Programme ordinaire. Il y a une articulation étroite entre le Programme ordinaire et le Programme de terrain; et le Programme de terrain est d'une importance toute particulière. Il revêt bien sûr des facettes diverses.

Nous ne négligeons certainement pas les études sectorielles et sous-sectorielles entreprises par la FAO , ni le rôle indispensable de conseiller de la FAO concernant les politiques auprès des gouvernements. Nous croyons également que la FAO doit avoir sa place - avec une participation active - dans les différentes tables rondes du PNUD et des groupes consultatifs de la Banque mon­diale. Cette présence est non seulement souhaitable mais elle nous paraît indispensable.

Il est clair que le rôle de conseiller auprès des gouvernements ne peut être efficacement joué que par une présence active et de très bon niveau de la FAO dans les pays eux-mêmes. Nous avons approu­vé la création de quatre nouveaux postes de représentants et nous insistons bien sur sur la nécessité d'une bonne représentation, d'une représentation qualifiée de la FAO, dans.l’ensemble des pays en voie de développement.

Je voudrais également dire, car nous avons une participation active dans ce domaine, que nous sommes satisfaits du déroulement des programmes des fonds fiduciaires avec la FAO que non seulement nous désirons les maintenir mais que nous désirons les voir se développer à l'avenir. Nous avons avec la FAO des réunions annuelles sur ces points. Les programmes doivent être appliqués avec souplesse et sans rigidité excessive. Et je crois que nos programmes de fonds fiduciaires peuvent parfaitement s'intégrer et épouser les grandes orientations des politiques et les grands programmes d'actions prioritaires dégagés par les organes directeurs de la FAO.

Un seul point me paraît peut-être quelque peu faible pour le moment, c'est l'aspect comptabilité - l'aspect comptes - des fonds fiduciaires. Je me suis laissé dire qu'un bureau de consultants s'occupait actuellement de la mise au point du service informatique.. C'est incontestablement une des réformes, et peut-être une des bonnes réformes, à entreprendre dans l'organisation de la FAO que de veiller à ce qu'on puisse obtenir plus de renseignements sur ce pian de manière plus efficace; on a souvent parlé de transparence mais la transparence se réalise en réalité au niveau des budgets, au niveau de la comptabilité, au niveau de l'ordonnancement. Et je note là une certaine faiblesse des services administratifs.

Je crois que depuis de nombreux mois un bureau d'étude, que je ne citerai pas, s'occupe de ces problèmes. Je voudrais qu'il puisse très rapidement permettre aux organismes responsables de pouvoir fournir régulièrement les renseingnements concernant non seulement les fonds fiduciaires mais l'ensemble des opérations de la FAO.

Je voudrais également citer - en disant que nous l'appuyons - le programme d'experts associés. Nous avons un nombre respectable d'experts associés belges, et nous sommes très satisfaits de la façon dont ce programme se déroule à l'heure actuelle. Je ne puis que féliciter et remercier les services administratifs de la façon très humaine, très souple et très opérâtionnel le avec laquelle on travaille dans ce secteur.

Je ne dirai pas grand chose du PCT ayant déjà eu l'occasion d'intervenir en ce qui concerne le Programme de coopération technique. Ce programme reçoit notre appui. Je crois que les critères du PCT sont clairs, précis, et que l'impact de tout ce programme est nettement plus important que le montant des ressources dont il dispose puisqu'il a un effet catalyseur et qui permet d'assurer le


financement d'un certain nombre de projets mis au point qui ne verrraient pas le jour sans le PCT. Et je crois que ce serait au grand dam des pays en voie de développement.

Je crois que souligner cet aspect n'est pas nécessaire pour la bonne raison que la plupart, pour ne pas dire tous les pays qui ont bénéficié du programme du PCT, ont déclaré, redéclaré et assuré la FAO quo ce programme était vraiment un succès. Je crois que ce sont ces pays qui sont le mieux à même d'apprécier la qualité du Programme de coopération technique.

On s'est parfois préoccupé du fait que les fonds en dépôt d'un certain nombre de pays étaient ou avaient dépassé les ressources du PNUD dans le Programme de terrain de la FAO. ll est clair que la part de la FAO, dans les dépenses de terrain du PNUD, qui avait chuté de 31 pour cent en 1972, à 19 pour cent en 1986, était particulièrement inquiétante. On peut actuellement noter une reprise et un progrès, mais il faut souhaiter que cette part remonte, à l'occasion du 4èmc cycle 1987-91, par une plus grande priorité donnée à l'agriculture et surtout en modérant la tendance du PNUD, par le biais du Bureau d'exécution des projets, à devenir lui-même organe d'exécution, en concur­rence directe avec les agences spécialisées.

ll me paraît normal que les programmes d'agriculture du PNUD - et Dieu sait s'ils sont importants -soient assurés avec la FAO. C'est un problème qui doit être réglé et pour lequel nous avons tous une part de responsabilité car il se règle au niveau du Conseil d'administration du PNUD à New-York. Et je crois que tous les pays qui ont plaidé au Conseil d'administration du PNUD à New-York pour une meilleure action du PNUD et une meilleure intégration des activités du PNUD et de la FAO, doivent redire ce qu'ils avaient déclaré. Et je suis convaincu qu'on ne peut arriver qu'à un succès si les membres du Conseil d'administration du PNUD insistent pour que le PNUD n'exécute-pas lui-même ces projets mais qu'il travaille en collaboration avec la FAO dans le domaine de l'agriculture, car c'est en définitive le Conceil d'administration du PNUD qui doit tracer les grandes lignes d'orientation des activités - et Dieu sait si le PNUD dispose de moyens financiers dans ce domaines.

Telles sont les quelques réflexions que je voulais faire.

Je voudrais également dire aux fonctionnaires responsables de la FAO qu'ils ont une tâche - et ils le savent - particulièrement importante; et que nous avons toujours reçu chez eux un accueil très ouvert et très positif. Si je me suis permis cette remarque qui me paraît importante, non pas au sujet de la gestion des fonds mais de l'information et de la comptabilité, c'est parce que je note un point de faiblesse et que je suis convaincu qu'il pourra y être porté remède dans un très proche avenir. Je crois que c'est important.

Et je crois que les programmes de terrain, les fonds fiduciaires et les différentes facettes d'acti­vité continueront à recevoir le soutien d'un bon nombre de pays, et .vous pouvez être assurés que mon pays, le Royaume de Belgique, en sera.

LE PRESIDENT: Je remercie beaucoup le distingué représentant, Monsieur l'Ambassadeur de Belgique. Je remarque que le Représentant du Gabon est dans la salle et je lui donne volontiers la parole.

Bartélémy BOUASSA-MOUSSADJI (Gabon): La délégation gabonaise voudrait féliciter le Secrétariat pour l'excellence des documents relatifs à l'Examen des programmes de terrain soumis à notre appréciation Elle se joint à d'autres délégations pour féliciter M. Lignon de la clarté et de la concision de l'exposé qui a été fait.

Ma délégation se félicite de l'accent qui a été mis sur le Programme de rolèvernent. de la production alimentaire et encourage la FAO à poursuivre son action d'aide d'urgence en faveur des pays sinistrés. Dans le chapitre premier, nous notons avec satisfaction la récente amélioration des ressources financières du PNUD et l'augmentation des fonds fiduciaires. Nous sommes en droit d'espérer que les activités de terrain pourront augmenter au cours du prochain biennium et nous profitons de l'occasion pour remercier les pays donateurs des efforts qu'ils réalisent malgré la crise.


En ce qui concerne les grandes catégories des programmes de terrain, la délégation gabonaise observe avec satisfaction que notre Organisation a mis un accent particulier sur l'amélioration des cultures, mais regrette toutefois que le secteur de l'élevage ait subi une importante réduction des fonds au cours du dernier biennium. Nous espérons, comme le disaient les délégations de l'Inde et du Pakistan lors des débats sur le Programme ordinaire, que le secteur de l'élevage sera considéré dans les années à venir comme un programme spécial au même titre que le Programme Agriculture.

Abordant les activités de notre Organisation à l'appui de l'investissement, ma délégation souhaiterait que dans ce domaine, la FAO, qui a déjà aidé l'UDEAC à formuler le projet de multiplication et de diffusion de bovins trypanotolérants de Moukalaba, continue à assister cette jeune organisation régionale et sous-régionale dans la recherche des financements auprès des bailleurs de fonds et dans l'organisation des rencontres de ces derniers avec l'UDEAC.

Ma délégation se félicite des mesures spécifiques destinées à promouvoir l'autosuffisance et In formation, cette dernière étant entendue non seulement comme perfectionnement du personnel d'encadrement, mais également comme devant permettre aux agriculteurs et petits exploitants, une meilleure réceptivité aux innovations; formation des cadres à évaluer et à planifier, à formuLer et à gérer des projets sur le terrain.

Ma délégation est satisfaite des évaluations qui ont été faites par les consultants ou les représentants de la FAO.

Comme on peut le voir, beaucoup de projets ont connu des échecs, comme le montre le document à travers le constat de diminution de 60 à 40 pour cent de bons projets entre le biennium précédent et celui-ci. Ces échecs ont pour cause l'insuffisance dans les domaines évoqués plus haut. Malgré cette détérioration, nous notons avec satisfaction que 44 pour cent des activités de la FAO sont réalisées en Afrique. Cette charge devrait avoir pour corollaire la mise à disposition du Bureau régional de l'Afrique, des moyens lui permettant de faire face à ces suppléments de charge.

Dans ce chapitre, d'évaluation et de suivi des projets, ma délégation estime que la double évaluation donne une idée exacte de l'évolution des projets. Elle sert à mieux élaborer le document des nouveaux projets.

Toutefois, nous pensons que la planification et la conception de l'évaluation, si elles ont connu un certain intérêt, restent faibles car elles ne vont pas jusqu'à insister pour que les gouvernements mettent en place les infrastructures, les cadres et les crédits voulus en vue de continuer les différentes activités du projet à la cessation de i'assistance technique et financière.

Par ailleurs, nous avons noté une amélioration dans les rapports et la coopération interagences; et ma délégation recommanderait à la FAO de privilégier la coopération technique entre pays en développement.

Pour ce qui est de l'évaluation sectorielle, le projet de mécanisation agricole en Afrique a retenu notre attention. En effet, l'augmentation de la production agricole dans nos pays passe par une modernisation des exploitations agricoles. A notre avis, la mécanisation agricole devrait occuper une place de choix dans le processus de production et c'est pourquoi nous souhaiterions que la FAO nous aide à identifier et à formuler le projet de création d'un centre national de machinisme agricole.

Ma délégation est consciente de la crise financière qui secoue notre Organisation. C'est pourquoi elle remercie les pays membres donateurs des fonds fiduciaires dont nous apprécions l'importance dans la réalisation de nos programmes de développement agricole.

Les donateurs, de leur côté, ont la possibilité de vérifier l'utilisation des fonds mis à notre disposition par des missions sur le terrain par l'intermédiaire de consultants de haut niveau.

Avant de terminer, nous voudrions dire que nous sommes d'accord pour que l'on fasse davantage appel aux experts et institutions nationaux dans l'élaboration des projets. Nous appuyons tout ce qui est contenu dans le document C 87/4 et notamment les grandes lignes directrices des programmes de terrain.


René LONCAN (Brazil): During discussions on document C 87/4 on the occasion of the Ninety-second Session of the Council, my Delegation already expressed its approval of the Review of Field Programme 1986-87, even though remarking that notwithstanding a moderate increase achieved in the biennium, the field programmes are still much beyond desirable levels, especially considering the magnitude and complexity of the problems faced by developing countries. We much regret the small share of resources allocated to Latin America and the Caribbean from budgetary as well as from extra-budgetary funds, even though it is also noted that our region benefits from a range of TCDC activities under the TCP. In this line my Delegation wishes to support the statement contained in the report that TCDC and ECDC programmes both have an important multiplying effect in the expansion of the plan for technical assistance and cooperation among developing countries. We attentively followed the Information on the evolution of FAO Field Activities in view of the changing nature of the necessities of recipient countries and in that connection we would like at the same time to support and express our wish that the tendency be maintained towards an increasing number of national project professions. We also appreciated seeing a growing number of projects under direct government execution and we look forward to having this practice transformed in a permanent trend.

My Delegation cannot avoid making a special reference to the fact that a growing number of women are taking part in training programme, since this has been repeatedly remarked by many delegates in various fora in this Organization as desirable and important. Their participation in training activities is due to ensure the full achievement of the goals targeted in training and should continue to deserve attention in the future.

We wish also to reiterate our appreciation of the presentation, in Chapter 2 of the document, of the careful and detailed analysis and evaluation of 6 project examples. We recognize the efforts undertaken by FAO to improve the performance and efficiency of its field programmes through the strengthening of the evaluation service and we extend our support to further initiatives in this same line.

Concluding with the above remarks offered in the best spirit of collaboration and with the aim of suggesting some points which could enrich the effectiveness of the field programme in the next biennium, my Delegation conveys its support and approval of the Review of Field Programmes 1986-87.

Michel MOMBOULI (Congo): A l'instar des autres délégations, nous voudrions dire combien nous sommes heureux de vous voir présider la suite de nos travaux au sein de la Commission II.

Nous voudrions rappeler que nous sommes coprésentateur du mémoire présenté par les pays en dévelop­pement qui va être examiné au titre du point 12, mémoire qui consacre une bonne place à la manière dont nous - avec les autres pays en développement - voulons voir l'avenir de l'Organisation, et plus particulièrement les programmes de terrain, ce qui va me permettre d'économiser un peu de temps. Je serai donc assez bref dans cette intervention, étant entendu que nous aurons l'occasion de nous déployer au titre du point 12.

C'est avec un vif intérêt que la délégation congolaise a procédé à l'examen minutieux du document traitant de cet important point de notre ordre du jour, à savoir l'Examen des programmes de terrain de la FAO. Nous estimons qu'en abordant cet examen, nous touchons par là même à l'un des maillons les plus importants qui contribuent au rayonnement de l'action de notre Organisation auprès du grand public des paysans, de ceux qui, à travers le monde, procurent à chacun son pain quotidien.

Notre délégation se félicite du récent redressement des allocations financières du PNUD aux pro­grammes de terrain de la FAO, redressement qui va ainsi succéder à la légère baisse de ces derniers temps. Nous souhaitons vivement que cette tendance se maintienne et s'accentue aussi lontemps que possible. Nous voulons d'ailleurs saisir cette occasion pour dire que nous faisons nôtres les considérations et avis émis tout à l'heure par la délégation de la Belgique concernant la nécessité d'intégrer la FAO dans le cadre des activités du programme et des bureaux d'exécution des projets du PNUD. Nous voulons également réitérer l'appel qu'elle a lancé pour que ce que nous disons ici au sujet de cette intégration soit répété au sein du Conseil d'administration du PNUD.

Bien que notre délégation ait une préférence plus marquée pour la coopération multilatérale, nous ne voyons pas pour autant d'un mauvais oeil l'existence de la coopération dite multi-bilatérale qui lie la FAO à certains gouvernements donateurs.


Notre délégation aimerait aussi saisir l'occasion qui lui est offerte par cette intervention pour dire combien elle apprécie l'ampleur et la qualité du travail auquel se livre le Centre d'investis­sement de la FAO, qui entretient par ailleurs une excellente coopération avec nombre d'agents de financement, dont le FIDA, les banques régionales de développement et la Banque mondiale.

Dans ce même ordre d'idées, nous nous félicitons du rôle joué par les représentations de la FAO dans les .activites de préévaluation des requêtes destinées à l'évaluation par les gouvernements des Etats Membres Nous avons pris note avec satisfaction des deux évaluations sectorielles dont l'une concerne la mécanisation avec le Gouvernement donateur de l'Italie et l'autre est consacrée au Programme Engrais avec le Gouvernement donateur des Pays-Bas. Nous appuyons la FAO dans ses efforts de réalisation des principales activités de ces différents programmes.

Notre délégation a enregistré avec satisfaction les récents changements opérés par la FAO pour tenir compte de l'évolution de la situation spécifique des pays en développement en vue du déploiement de programmes d'assistance techniques plus pragmatiques. Aussi, notre délégation apprécie-t-elle l'orientation des projets vers le développement des capacités nationales des pays bénéficiaires; et nous metLons l'accent également sur la CEPD et la CTPD. Nous incitons la FAO à poursuivre son action sans perdre de vue l'action de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur la réforme agraire et le dévelop­pement rural, du Plan forestier tropical et de la Conférence mondiale sur les pêches.

Antonio R. PIRES (Cap-Vert): A mon tour, j'associe ma voix à celle des délégations qui m'ont précédé pour vous dire que ma délégation est heureuse de vous voir présider cette session très importante pour la vie de notre Organisation. Je tiens encore une fois à vous adresser toutes mesfélicitations et à vous souhaiter plein succès.

Je me permets également d'adresser mes vives félicitations à M. Lignon pour sa brillante présen­tation du document C 87/4, "Examen des programmes de terrain", et au Secrétariat pour la prépa­ration de cet important document.

Nous sommes satisfaits de constater une reprise dans les programmes de terrain de la FAO financés par le PNUD et nous espérons que les programmes soutenus par les fonds fiduciaires, qui nous intéressent particulièrement, continueront leur croissance. Nous voyons là le résultat des efforts constants que mène le Département du développement de la FAO pour répondre à nos requêtes et chercher activement à mobiliser les financements nécessaires.

A ce propos, je voudrais souligner le rôle essentiel que joue le représentant de la FAO pour faci­liter la formulation, l'approbation et l'exécution des projets. Je tiens ici à m'associer à ce qu'à dit l'Ambassadeur de Belgique car pour nous, au Cap-Vert, le bureau ..de la FAO constitue un excellent conseiller du Gouvernement dans le domaine de la planification nationale de projets.

Plusieurs délégations ont parlé de la coordination des projets. Je voudrais, à ce propos, faire deux remarques que nous estimons très importantes.Tout en reconnaissant le rôle utile joué par le Coordonnateur Résident du PNUD, il me faut rappeler que la responsabilité de la coordination des projects et des diverses sources d'assistance au niveau national relève d'abord et avant tout de la souveraineté des gouvernements respectifs. Que cela soit clairement entendu dans cette salle. C'est aux gouverne­ments de juger des avantages comparatifs de telle ou telle agence d'assistance technique et d'asso­cier leurs diverses contributions d'une manière optimale dans le cadre de leur politique et de leurs plans de développement, car chaque gouvernement a ses propres plans nationaux de développement.

C'est aussi à chaque gouvernement de décider des priorités de l'assistance technique qu'il reçoit. ll nous semble illusoire et même malsain d'imposer des prioritis communes à l'ensemble des programmes de terrain de la FAO. Certes, il y a certains besoins qui sont semblables mais on ne peut pas réduire les activités de terrain de la FAO au plus petit dénominateur commun de ces besoins. On ne peut pas comparer les besoins et les priorités du Cap-Vert avec ceux de l'Inde ou du Brésil. Les programmes de terrain doivent donc rester flexibles et adaptables pour être réellement utiles à chaque pays. C'est justement à cause de sa flexibilité que le Programme de coopération technique jouit du soutien unanime des pays en voie de développement.

L'assistance à la planification nationale joue un rôle essentiel dans la détermination des priorités et des besoins d'assistance technique et d'aide à l'investissement. Le Cap-Vert est l'un des pays


qui en a bénéficié pour la préparation de la Table Ronde des donateurs, et ceci grâce au PCT. La FAO apporte ainsi une contribution unique dans le domaine agricole, non seulement par sa compétence, mais aussi par l'indépendance et l'objectivité de ses avis et conseils désintéressés pour orienter et mobiliser avec succès le soutien apporté par la communauté des donateurs aux priorités et aux pians de développement du pays, tel qu'indiqué au paragraphe 3.25 du document. Nous souhaitons d'ailleurs voir cette action se prolonger au niveau du renforcement des structures et du personnel de planification de façon à accroître les capacités nationales de planification et de coordination de l'aide internationale.

Dans le même esprit, la FAO apporte une aide, avec le soutien de l'Italie, à la coordination des divers types d'assistance à la vulgarisation agricole et à sa décentralisation. Grâce à ses compé­tences dans de multiples domaines, elle assure également une approche intégrée à la mise en oeuvre d'un plan de reboisement, de conservation des terres et des eaux et de développement des ressources fourragères. Ce projet, financé par un fonds fiduciaire de la Belgique, est pour nous un modèle d'intégration multidiscipiinaire répondant aux besoins spécifiques du pays. Et je tiens aussi à remercier le Gouvernement belge de ce financement.

Je ne peux pas laisser passer cette occasion sans remercier le représentant dès Pays-Bas pour le financement récent d'un important programme national de production et de multiplication des semences de pomme de terre, qui constitue pour le Gouvernement cap-verdien un atout important pour son auto­suffisance et sa sécurité alimentaires.

J'espère, par ces quelques exemples, avoir montré qu'en ce qui nous concerne, les programmes de terrain de la FAO jouent un rôle stratégique dans l'identification de nos priorités et dans la formu­lation et la coordination de nos plans de développement, tout en répondant avec flexibilité a des besoins spécifiques.

Pour terminer, j'aimerais relever, dans l'Examen des programmes de terrain, un point particulièrement important pour le Cap-Vert. Il s'agit de l'assistance à la planification pour le développement des pêches - paragraphe 3.77 - et surtout des efforts déployés par l'Organisation pour aider les Etats cotiers à mieux exploiter leurs ressources halieutiques dans le cadre de leurs zones économiques, exclusives. Nous voudrions également souligner l'importance que revêt la valorisation des ressources humaines par la formation en cours d'emploi et tous autres programmes de formation de la FAO. Nous encourageons la FAO à recruter, comme cela figure au paragraphe 1.68, les experts des pays en déve­loppement, car nous pensons que cela va promouvoir la coopération technique et économique entre les pays en développement et la coopération régionale et sous-régionale.

Rodolphe de POURTALES (Suisse): Permettez-moi tout d'abord de vous féliciter pour votre élection et pour avoir accepté cette charge au pied levé.

Ma délégation aimerait remercier M. Llgnon de sa présentation très claire ainsi que pour la préparation du document C 87/4 qui présente le Programme de terrain dans sa complexité et son éventai i très large - peut-être trop large - d'activités.

Tout comme d'autres délégations, et notamment celle de la Colombie, ma délégation s'inquiète de la diminution de la participation de la FAO au Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement. Los explications données dans le document au paragraphe 1.14 - à savoir que le PNUD utilise des organismes financiers comme la Banque mondiale et les banques régionales comme agences d'exécution -renforcent notre inquiétude.

En effet, si des institutions financières, dont la vocation primaire n'est pas l'exécution de projets mais leur financement, sont préférées à la FAO pour l'exécution de projets, ma délégation estimo que l'esprit de coopération, à l'intérieur du système, atteint un niveau inquiétant et demande au Secrétariat quelles initiatives il compte prendre pour améliorer la collaboration avec les institutions financières dont la FAO devrait, en définitive, être le partenaire privilégié pour les secteurs qui sont de son ressort.

En ce qui concerne l'éventail des activités de terrain, ma délégation se demande si certaines d'entre elles ne sortent pas du cadre du mandat de notre Organisation, et si elles ne devraient pas être laissées à d'autros organismes. je pense, entre autres, aux recherches sur le biogaz, l'énergie solaire et éolienne.


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Le rapport C 87/4 fait état des difficultés pour mobiliser les homologues nationaux pour les projets, mais souligne en même temps l'augmentation du recrutement des experts dans les pays en développement.

Sans mettre en doute la qualification de ces experts, ma délégation se pose la question de savoir s'il n'y a pas là une contradiction; en effet, le recrutement par la FAO peut contribuer, peut-être, à affaiblir les structures nationales.

Par contre, ma délégation est très en faveur d'une participation plus active des experts nationaux à l'élaborâtion, la planification et l'exécution de projets au niveau de chaque pays.

En ce qui concerne le rôle des représentants de la FAO dans les pays, ma délégation estime qu'ils ont à jouer un rôle de premier plan, non seulement pour le suivi des projets mais surtout en qualité de principal interlocuteur du gouvernement en matière de politique agricole et de développement rural.

En matière d'évaluation, ce rôle, si important soit-il, nous semble devoir être limité vu son-implication dans la formulation des propositions de projets, notamment du PCT dont l'effet catalytique est certainement l'indicateur principal.

Finalement, ma délégation a noté avec Intérêt la situation d'un représentant de la FAO, telle que présentée au paragraphe 2.32, et mettant en évidence la difficulté qu'il y a à combiner la notion de projet - en tant que produit fini - et celle de processus de développement. A cet égard, ma délégation se félicite des activités de la Campagne mondiale contre la faim, activités essentiellement axées sur la promotion du processus de développement ancrée dans les populations intéressées. Il nous semble que cette approche devrait être encore mieux combinée avec les apports techniques des différents Départements de l'Organisation.

Pour terminer, je dirai que le peu de temps que notre Commission peut dédier à l'examen du Programme de terrain renforce la conviction de la délégation suisse quant à la nécessité d'étudier l'établissement d'un comité,Ce qui permettrait un examen plus sérieux de ce programme extrêmement important. Cotte étude pourrait être incluse dans le mandat d'un groupe ad hoc d'experts, tel que cela a été évoqué par la délégation canadienne et appuyé par la délégation australienne.

Bernardo PALESTINI (Italy): Given the importance and scope of FAO's operational activities, the view of field programmes carried out over the past biennium would certainly lend itself to more in-depth attention than the allotted time can allow. However, considering that many of the issues involved are also dealt with under other items of the Conference agenda, the statement of the Italian dele­gation will be focused on some general considerations. In the main we have found document C 87/4 balanced and comprehensive. We believe it represents a significant effort on the part of FAO to provide the contents with a qualitative outlook on FAO's achievements and difficulties. Considering the close links between activities carried out under the regular programmes and the various projects being implemented in the field, perhaps it would have been useful to have more details 'on the way this relationship is being carried out.

Coming to the main points raised in the document, we have been pleased to note FAO's readiness to take measures to meet challenges of an emergency nature and the positive role the Organization has continued to play in the coordination of international assistance, as in the case of locust and grasshopper control in Africa.

We also acknowledge the importance of promoting the role of women. We would like to say that in our experience every useful action can be carried out, including women's activities, as a component of larger projects wherever possible. We have noted with satisfaction the emphasis placed on planning not merely at the policy level but also as a tool to adjust project design to local social and eco­nomic circumstances. With regard to the development of human resources, the Italian delegation is in favour of a practical approach focused on training at field level. We are pleased to see that the need to reinforce the evaluation and monitoring of field activities is being stressed both by means of internal assessment and by independent exercises. In our view this is very important to ensure close links among projects in the same technical circle, implemented in different countries' regions.


We also consider very important the flow of information on field projects in terms of frequency and quality. Let me now touch briefly on Italy's involvement in FAO's field activities. Italy has become the first trust fund donor in support of FAO's field activities in developing communities in developing countries. The overall volume of the Italian Trust Fund which has pledged contributions since the early 1980s, has reached the level of over US$200 million. Annual expenditure in 1986 alone amounted to over US$30 million. By the end of 1986 ongoing FAO-executed projects financed by the Italian Trust Fund exceeded, the figure of 50, for a total contribution of over US$170 million. The collaboration between Italy and FAO has been constructive and has led to the joint development and adoption of innovative arrangements and mechanisms with a view to achieving a better implementation of projects and programmes. The list of projects under the FAO/Italy Cooperative Programme includes activities being carried out in different regions and covering a variety of sectors ranging from integrated rural development, agriculture mechanization, animal health, acquaculture, forest industries, planning and development of human resources.

Italy's contribution to these projects is not merely of a financial nature, but it also involves the provision of Italian expertise in terms of human resources and techniques which have been developed to meet specific requirements of Italian conditions but which can also be applied to developing countries. There is, for instance, remote sensing for which the prime issue of agriculture has gained considerable experience. For. a better understanding of the above matter you have to consider that Italian activities in this field began in 1979 with the continuation of satellite-derived data for the solution of agricultural problems such as provisional studies of production, yields and Irri­gation. In 1985 the Italian Ministry of Agriculture started the "Agrit" Programme, which in two years has extended acquired methodology to the whole Italian territory. It was also possible to implement a programme for the use of data derived from the meteo-satellites from the NOAA series to obtain a pre-alarm system on the weather conditions for ongoing crops. Agrit-2 and Agrit-3 extended the possibility of the system, which now enables us to carry out the inventory and the provisions for a certain number of crops with sufficient accuracy and up to a month ahead of the date expected for harvest.

Although no explicit mention is made in the document, allow me to recall the large integrated rural programmes financed by Italy in West Africa. Given their complexity, dimensions and enormity of nature, these projects presented at the start particular difficulties in terms of management and technical requirements. However, positive results have been achieved and the role of small farmer groups at village and sectoral level is being enhanced. With a view to improving the performance and efficiency of the Italy/FAO Cooperative Programmes an innovative mechanism has now been developed by FAO and Italy which has proved instrumental in rationalizing the different phases of the project cycle.

Arrangements have been made to develop a systematic methodology for the evaluation of Italian-funded projects, both ongoing and completed. The findings of the first exercise of this type, which was focussed on agricultural mechanization projects in seven African countries, are briefly discussed in the Review of Field Programmes, 1986-87. A second thematic evaluation has just been completed on Italian-funded projects aimed at the prevention of food losses. Apart from these major exercises, continuous efforts have been made to upgrade the following-up of project activities through adequate monitoring systems. We believe that the lessons learned so far with FAO/Italy Cooperative Programmes can also benefit other FAO field projects. We are pleased to note that some solutions developed in connection with Italian-funded projects are now being introduced on a wider scale.

Satoshi WAKUNO (Japan): First I would like to commend the Secretariat for the very informative introduction of document C 87/4 which is before us.

Before touching upon some specific remarks regarding the document, I would like to express a general opinion on the FAO field activity as a whole. First, my delegation fully appreciates the important role of the FAO field projects in promoting food and agricultural development in developing countries.

Secondly, my delegation feels that in order to bring about a greater effect and impact of the field projects, it is of the utmost importance to formulate projects which will be cost effective and respond properly to the actual needs of the recipient countries, and furthermore due consideration should be given to the relationship between the field projects and the activities which are imple­mented under the Regular Programme in the course of the formulation of the projects.


1 should now like briefly to express my delegation's specific comments on the Review of Field Programmes 1986-87. First, my delegation welcomes follow-up reviews on the Agricultural Rehabili­tation Programme for Africa (ARPA) which we can see in document C 87/4, and hopes that a similar follow-up will be carried out in future and reported to the Conference, also on the Tropical Forestry Action Plan, the Strategy and Programmes of Action approved by the World Conference on Fisheries Management and Development, the Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, etc.

Secondly, my delegation believes that the modality of Review of Field Projects could be improved by strengthening independent evaluation, through third parties, but mostly through self-evaluation by FAO representatives.

Thirdly, my delegation considers that it is useful for all member countries to share the results of experience on field projects, including TCP, and hopes that the rest of the projects carried out by FAO will be duly submitted to the Conference or Council.

Lastly, my delegation welcomes the fact that distribution and expenditure on field projects for the African region were increased to 44 percent in 1986-87 from 39 percent in the previous biennium, mainly reflecting the food crisis that the region has experienced in recent years. At the same time my delegation recognizes that the other regions also have their own various programmes in food and agriculture to resolve urgently and therefore hopes that the regional distribution of field programmes be decided carefully so as not to overlook the requirements of the other regions.

Marcos I. NIETO LARA (Quba): Debo expresar con toda sinceridad que nos complace mucho verlo presidir aquí nuestros debates durante la tarde de .hoy. Sabemos que quizá este Usted un poco agotado por la sesión dominical de trabajo que tuvo ayer; pero estamos seguros de que con su presidencia vamos a tener un pleno éxito en nuestros trabajos.

Mi delegación saluda el valioso documento C 87/4 presentado por la Secretaría; el mismo resulta muy completo y nos permite con suficiente facilidad evaluar los resultados de la gestión de la FAO en su Programa de Campo. Constatamos así que en cada bienio que transcurre se introducen nuevas mejoras en este documento. Al mismo tiempo, deseamos felicitar al Señor Lignon por la amplia y completa presentación del tema.

Los crecimientos experimentados en el programa de Campo durante el bienio 1986-87, si bien han sido discretos, ello puede constituir un indicador de una mayor recuperación de este Programa, sobre todo si tenemos en cuenta la sustancial mejora ocurrida en los fondos del PNUD. Otro factor importante en las mejoras previsibles del Programa de Campo, es sin duda las decisiones de los países al dar una mayor prioridad al sector de la agricultura dentro de la asignación de fondos provenientes del PNUD. En este sentido, una cooperación más estrecha entre la FAO y el PNUD sería deseable.

Mi Delegación considera que deben analizarse las posibles alternativas para invertir o modificar en sentido positivo las asignaciones de fondos procedentes del PNUD para que el Programa de Campo, en lugar de tener una estabilización, pueda experimentar una mejoría aún mayor.

Consideramos que la FAO debería asistir un tanto más a los países con recomendaciones ilustrativas de las posibilidades y ventajas para la implementación de proyectos en materia de agricultura con los fondos provenientes del PNUD. Esto contribuiría de manera importante a mejorar y aumentar las actividades de campo.

En el Programa de ayuda a la inversión merece también que se destaque la función realizada por la FAO a través de su Centro de Inversiones, a pesar del bajo nivel de reposición de los fondos del FIDA. Esto ha limitado una porción importante de las actividades de dicho Centro. Abrigamos la esperanza de que el FIDA mejore su situación financiera y pueda aumentar su benéfica gestión en favor de los países en desarrollo.

Las representaciones de la FAO en los países están jugando un papel muy importante, a juzgar por las actividades de evaluación continua de los proyectos que se llevan a cabo en los países. De igual manera, merece destacarse la asistencia que vienen prestando a los países para identificar posibilidades y áreas de actividad para la implementación de proyectos con fondos de diferentes fuentes.


En consecuencia, mi Delegación reitera lo expresado durante el debate def tema 13, para que el Director General adopte las medidas necesarias para la apertura de cuatro nuevas oficinas de repre­sentantes en igual número de países.

En el sentido de mejorar las actividades de campo, la Delegación de Cuba apoya plenamente lo expre­sado en cuanto al reforzamiento del Sistema de Evaluación de Proyectos que ha sido propuesto por la Secretaría.

La cooperación técnica entre países en desarrollo ha tenido un gran impulso en la región de America Latina y el Caribe, con la introducción de manera dinámica del sistema de redes de cooperación técnica, por ello la Oficina Regional merece nuestro apoyo y reconocimiento. Continuando con osta materia de CTPD, diremos que resulta alentador que ya muchos países en desarrollo cuenten con instituciones de investigación y desarrollo en agricultura y con especialistas capaces de brindar una valiosa contribución. Por esta razón, desearíamos que la Secretaría nos indicara qué medidas se están tomando para incorporar progresivamente a técnicos y especialistas e instituciones de los países en desarrollo, no sólo al interior de los propios países, sino para que con un sentido amplio dichos técnicos y estas instituciones que mencionamos desplieguen una mayor actividad en la transmi­sión de experiencias hacia otros países en desarrollo.

En el mismo sentido, apoyamos las acciones que se llevan a cabo para promover la autosuficiencia de los países en la implementación de los proyectos que les son otorgados.

Como hemos expresado en ocasiones anteriores, el PCT merece todo nuestro apoyo porque es un instru­mento dinámico en cuanto a responder a situaciones de urgencia, así como por constituir un valioso elemento catalizador. En nuestra opinión, el PCT es un pequeño motor impulsor que rompe la inercia del desarrollo, y una vez que se pone en marcha, actúa sobre los recursos humanos y materiales de los países beneficiarios, y al mismo tiempo, este motor estimula y mueve los fondos externos en apoyo al desarrollo.

Son muchos los ejemplos que pudiéramos citar de importantes proyectos que han comenzado con un pequeño proyecto de cooperación técnica, y luego, a partir de los resultados alcanzados, han encon­trado ecos que permiten una ampliación de sus recursos financieros de su horizonte de acción y de su impacto.

CHAIRMAN: Before giving the floor to Ghana, who is the next speaker, I would like to appeal to the speakers who will take the floor afterwards to be as concise as possible. As we know, time is running, and we will have a night session, most probably on another item. Just to set things straight, we have.six more speakers on the list, then afterwards the Secretariat will reply to certain questions and hopefully we will finish this in at most twenty minutes or half an hour, so that we can take up the following item during our night session.

Frank Mensa K. DENYOH (Ghana): The Ghana delegation would like to congratulate the Secretariat for the preparation of this Report now before us. The Ghana delegation would like to comment briefly on Chapter Three of the document - that is, The Key Role of Planning Assistance. We would wish that FAO continues its assistance in certain vital areas within its competence, Physical and area development planning, that is management of soil and water resources.

The Ghana delegation has noted with pleasure in paragraph 3.71, FAO's assistance to some West African countries, especially the master plan for the integrated development of the Niger River Basin, which cuts across the boundaries of nine countries. This kind of programme is very essential for most of the countries in the West African sub-region, in view of the expansion of the Sahara Desert and the recent unpredictable rainfall pattern in the region which has been the cause of crop failures in recent years. Such projects resulting in the provision of facilities and infrastructures for irrigation will surely be one of the means for alleviating food shortages.


On the Planning Assistance for Fisheries Development, the Ghana delegation would like to stress that the programme of assistance for the development and management of fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zones for developing coastal states as approved by the FAO Conference in 1979 should be intensified.

In this regard we are grateful to the Government of Norway for providing funds for the EEZ programme and wish that more funds be provided for the expansion of this programme.

For the forestry development planning the report has emphasised its increasing complexity, mainly due to the growing demand for agricultural land, forest products, mainly timber, resulting in deforestation and environmental degradation. In this regard Ghana hails the Tropical Forestry Action Plan prepared by the FAO and wish for FAO assistance for support for projects already identified in Ghana.

Finally, Ghana's delegation would like to urge FAO to intensify its support for human resources development through training in order to upgrade the knowledge and efficiencies of professional and technical personnel in the developing countries since lack of such personnel has been identified as one of the important constraints on rapid development in the field of agriculture, forestry and fisheries.

Ghana has some more comments to make on Chapter 3 but in view of the limited time that we have we would like with your permission to submit the manuscript for inclusion in the verbatim report.

CHAIRMAN: I thank you for your spirit of cooperation. Of course, your manuscript will be included in the verbatim.

Arrow Solomon OBURU (Kenya): Thank you tor granting us opportunity to make some observations on . this subject, but like colleagues who have spoken before me, allow me also to congratulate you on your election to the Vice-Chairmanship of this Commission and to express appreciation on seeing you preside over the deliberations of our Commission. We wish you success and hope we shall be having fruitful discussions under your guidance.

We would wish to compliment the Secretariat for the document prepared and submitted for these discussions. Mr Lignon introduced this subject with clarity and we congratulate him for his pleasant presentation of the subject.

Our delegation considers the Review of FAO Field Programmes as important, as an important reflection that should mirror performance of the programme in relation to the set goals. We therefore welcome document C 87/4 as a good tabulation of the programmes, their costs, their geographic distribution. However, the document does not seem to contain much comment on the impact of the programme against set goals. We consider critical analysis of programme impact on set goals, especially the cumulative benefits flowing to the target population as important and essential to improvement in formulating, preparing and implementing any subsequent programmes.

Paragraph 2.32 notes that achievement of output does not necessarily guarantee significant project effect on development. We would also have liked to see more comments on coordination and integration of FAO field programmes with national development programmes and planning activities, particularly to ensure that the revenue base of recipients can successfully sustain financing recurrent costs which accrue consequential to problem capital expenditure. Many donor finance programmes which appear to be running well during the capital financing period have often collapsed soon after termination of donor funding, primarily because the projects did not result in generating enough revenue to suffice the current costs and this deficiency is mainly caused by lack of forecasting recurrent cost responsibility during the project planning stages.

The Kenya delegation wishes to associate with the observations made earlier by the delegate of Colombia that the review should have given detailed breakdown of programmes where FAO has used recipient governments for implementation. We would also have preferred comments on comparative


performance between FAO executed or implemented projects and projects implemented by recipient governments. We, however, commend FAO for increasingly encouraging TCDC by the use of experts in developing countries in preparing and implementing field programmes. FAO training programmes have assisted the developing countries towards attaining self-reliance in servicing their development programmes.

CHAIRMAN: I want to announce that the delegate of Zimbabwe has kindly asked for their intervention to be included in the verbatim and they have given the text to the Chair.

Yacoub Y. AL-YOUSUFI (Kuwait) (original language Arabic): I should like to start by congratulating you on your election as Vice-Chairman of our Committee. I wish you every success.

Document C.87/4 sets out a general and precise review of the field programmes and we are very grate­ful to the Secretariat for presenting it and to Mr Lignon. The Director-General mentioned in his statement on this, at the end of paragraph 2 in Arabic, that these programmes are still below the level required because of the scale of the agricultural and food problems which are very complicated problems faced by all developing countries, and especially in Africa. Although all other regions do not necessarily lack these problems we appreciate the approach given to the problems in Africa because of specific problems faced in this area because at the same time we believe that it is the duty of FAO to prevent atrophy in the other regions as regards these problems, other regions which do not yet run the risk of becoming anything like Africa. We believe it is necessary to concentrate more on the appraisal of field programmes in a more efficient manner and ought to pay special attention to the planning of these projects in order to guarantee their success.

This document indicates that the drop in evaluation carried out by national representatives of FAO is due to budgetary problems in the recipient countries. We believe that it is necessary that there be respect for the priorities of these programmes and national representatives should be encouraged to follow up these projects and prevent them from suffering serious losses and make it impossible, for them to be properly implemented.

As regards planning we would support this as regards the importance·of agriculture if we are to guarantee the success of these projects which are a key priority in the sector which we have suggested. Here again we support the need to concentrate more on extension of the concept of food security. We are particularly pleased to note that half a million people did receive training under the field programme in the course of the last ten years. The document also mentions that the quality of assistance required by developing countries has changed and therefore we ask FAO to take the necessary measures which will enable it to provide this form of assitance, bearing in mind the above-mentioned priorities. As regards the locust campaign, the setting up of an office in FAO headquarters and its emergency activities represent development which we trust will be supported and maintained in years to come.

As regards TCP, paragraph 1.29 mentions that a considerable increase in the applications for assistance has been registered moving from 218 in 1980 to 650 this year. That is why we wonder about the FAO's capacity within this programme to satisfy this increase in applications for assistance during coming years in the light of the serious financial problems which we are all acquainted with.

Finally, we have to express our interest in those projects for technical modernization for the production of traditional foods in such sectors as agro-food industries, marketing extension, fisheries and forestry. We also believe that member countries should also count on their own efforts in order to help FAO in the implementation of these programmes, in the establishing of priorities requirements basing our efforts on FAO's experience and its data bank. This would enable us to get round a whole series of marginal problems which might otherwise hamper the progress of these projects.


HAN DEA SUNG (Democratic People's Republic of Korea): Like other previous speakers, I am delighted to see you sharing this Commission's afternoon session after your election to the post of one of the Vice-Chairmen of this Commission this morning in the Plenary meeting. I wish you every success.

First I would like to express my deep appreciation to Mr Lignon, the Assistant Director-General of the Development Department, for his brief presentation of the field programme and also my deep appreciation goes to the Secretariat for its preparation of the documents C 87/4, the Review of the Field Programme which provided us with a concise and comprehensive analysis of FAO's wide range of field programmes which my delegation fully supports.

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea would like to join previous speakers in understanding the importance of the field programme which we think played a great role in and contributed to the development of agriculture and the increasing of food production. It is the view of the delegation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea that the field programme should be increased in the forthcoming biennium and to promote further the field programme to contribute more effectively to the development of agriculture and increasing of food production, the South-South cooperation which is the general form of TCDC and ECDC should be emphasized.

The delegation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is sure it will be successful if developing countries which already have the pertinent technical capacities would keep the South-South cooperation continuing. The necessity and importance of South-South cooperation was also highlighted at the extraordinary Ministerial Conferences of Non-Aligned Countries on South-South Cooperation hold in June. The Conference emphasized the need to develop South-South cooperation in agriculture so that reserves of food can be obtained. A large number of developing countries are not yet free of hunger and poverty and certain developed countries are trying to subordinate these countries economically, and dominate them politically, by using food as a weapon. Therefore, the developing countries must improve their agriculture and solve the problem of food. This is important in delivering their people from hunger and poverty, and in order to defend their independence. The developing countries must set inspiring objectives of achieving complete self--sufficiency in food as soon as possible and achieve it by undertaking joint ventures in agriculture in various forms and means, and cooperating with each other closely in the construction of irriga­tion systems, in the improvement of farming techniques, in research on agricultural science, and in the production of farm machinery. This is the most suitable type of cooperation for them.

For the successful realization of South-South cooperation the delegation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea will, as we have in the past, willingly provide our experts and specialists in the field of food and agriculture and also offer training facilities in our country for experts from Member States. My delegation also thinks that due attention should be paid by Member States to at follow-up of the Pyongyang Declaration and Plan of Action on South-South cooperation, particularly in the field of agriculture and food.

Ms Joan DUDIK-GAYOSO (United States of America): The United States has reviewed the FAO document presenting a picture of Field Programmes over the last biennium with interest. We understand that expenditures have increased somewhat and the share of activities in funding various agricultural sub-sectors remains relatively unchanged and that FAO hopes for increased funding under the UNDP Fourth Programming Cycle. The facts presented give us a useful impression of the variety of FAO's country-level and regional projects. We appreciate the clarity of the presentation. We agree that nearly half of the programme allocation should go to Africa. However, we still have questions about how priorities are determined. The Field Programme Review indicates that the priorities among sub-sectors have changed little from two years ago. What the Report describes is a result. Like Finland, we would have liked to see the Field Programme Review reviewed more analytically in a broader context against a background of FAO's views, as the leading UN agency responsible for agricultural development, of what are the critical agricultural development problems, and what are the gaps in efforts to solve them. As others, we think that FAO should have a firm view as to what its programme priorities should be which guides the selection of projects for funding.

We have a number of questions concerning the field activities which we would like to raise here and which we would like to see explored in detail in the report to the 1989 Conference. First, problems in project design persist, as the document states inter-alia page 42, paragraph 2.30. This is consistent with our own findings and with the findings of UNDP. We would encourage FAO to continue to improve its project design process and to report on the steps taken and the results of these


efforts at the next conference. In this context we would encourage FAO to make maximum use of its technical expertise to ensure that projects have clear objectives, clearly linked to broader development goals such as those mentioned a while ago by the representative of Kenya, and to make sure that project design explores a variety of technical alternatives and policy options.

We also believe that projects should make adequate arrangements to ensure project sustainability once external assistance is phased out. This is what I believe FAO calls "follow-on activities" which have suffered due to resource constraints in recipient countries. However, to our mind they are much more related to finding and planning for repayment of current costs.

Secondly, project backstopping from Headquarters continues to have weaknesses and is not of a consistent, dependable quality. A report prepared by the UN Director-General for Development in International Economic Cooperation on UN Operational Activities for Development and based on specific country case studies is now under consideration by the Second Committee of the General Assembly. This Report highlights the problem of project backstopping. Part of the difficulty seems to be that often there is no single focal point for project backstopping. We know that FAO and UNDP have re-instituted consultations on this and other implementation issues and would appreciate having in greater detail how FAO manages project backstopping, namely, what is the set-up for UNDP projects, trust funded projects and TCP projects. We would also appreciate an exploration of this issue in the Report prepared for the 1989 Conference.

FAO and some delegations have expressed concern at FAO's declining "share" of UNDP's resources. 1 do not need to remind delegations that this share of UNDP’s resources for which FAO serves as implementing agent is as a result of decisions made by sovereign governments. It involves a number of factors including the amount of their programmes governments dedicate to agriculture which, as the Secretariat pointed out, is happily increasing. It also involves government decisions about which executing agencies to select. Those decisions include choices about whether a government should execute projects themselves and/or which UN institution is most appropriate, reliable and effective. I think FAO is aware of some quite important cases in which these issues have affected recipient countries' willingness to allocate UNDP resources to projects to be executed by FAO. To put it candidly, some countries have decided to reduce the project funding levels allocated to FAO because of unsatisfactory past experience with FAO.

The third implementation question concerns the continuing problem with the quality of experts provided and their willingness and ability to transfer skills to host country government counter­parts who can then pursue full responsibility and continue to pass on skills in countries once the experts have left. Colombia mentioned the number of related questions earlier this morning. My Government has been pleased to see the growing flexibility across the UN system, including FAO, to choose the type of expert - long or short term, international or national or volunteers - most appropriate to each project. There is no one standard or best way. We are concerned though that skills be transferred and experts go home. Even though the relative share of the programme allocated to training has more than doubled, from 5 percent in 1980 to 11 percent in 1986, my delegation would ask whether 55 percent of funding for experts and 11 percent for training is the kind of allocation which is most likely to build the capacity of developing countries' governments. Obviously, it is a project-by-project decision, but we would like to know more about TAO's review process and how these choices are made.

We congratulate the Secretariat on FAO's increased involvement in preparation for consultative groups and UNDP round tables. In the debate on other agenda items my delegation has stressed the role that we feel FAO can play in coordination at the sector level. At all levels, FAO's working relationship with UNDP, which organizes round tables and represents the UN system at consultative groups, is an essential factor. As the report I have just mentioned points out coordination is still considerably less than adequate and agencies have still not, in most cases, accepted a substantive and operational leadership role by the resident coordinator. However, there are some constructive models singled out in the report such as joint programming among several UN agencies. FAO has participated in such activities. As Poland, we would like FAO to deal in greater depth with coordination issues in a future report discussing FAO's experience with coordination in different settings. Before leaving this topic my delegation would like to note that some trust fund donors have established new procedures to ensure that the trust funded projects are coordinated through the resident representative or resident coordinator. We congratulate these donors and urge others to consider similar steps.


The same report of case studies highlights problems caused by the differing procedures of different UN agencies. We hope FAO will follow and be a full participant in discussions on how procedures might be harmonized to reduce the burden on recipient countries. The United States has been one of those members which has insisted on substantial improvements in project budgeting. Too often project budgets are over-estimated tying up funds which could be used for other activities. We were glad to take note of the training FAO is giving in this and other aspects of project design and implementation. We would urge this Conference to stress the importance of FAO working closely with UNDP to assure the most accurate budgeting possible and the most effective use of resources.

These issues of programme and project design and implementation, of quality and impact, are some of the reasons underlying my Government's support for the idea of an external, independent and objective review of FAO's programme management.

Like others, we appreciate the Secretariat's efforts to do a professional job of assessing programme impact and then report the results to this body. FAO continues to make progress in integrating evaluation into this programme. Also like others, we would have liked - and will in future look for - more information on, and analysis of, actual programme impact. This goes for TCP projects as well as UNDP and trust funded projects. Paragraph 2.20 on page 40 hardly presents an adequate assessment of TCP projects. The size of the projects raises questions of impact and value. We should like to see more analysis and join those who have called for periodic external evaluations. For my Government, evaluation is not only a tool to assess impact, but it is also a mechanism to make mid-course correction. Therefore, we should like to know the relationship between information provided by the resident representatives concerning assessment of projects and the tripartite project reviews. Were the findings consistent? We should like in future for FAO to draw on the results of the tripartite reviews for reports to the Conference. We appreciate the detailed description of FAO's activities in planning. As in the past, we should like to stress that FAO in its project design, should keep in mind that like women and environmental concerns, consideration of policy issues should be integrated into all project design because most projects at least make some assessment about policy. It would seem to be more desirable to explore explicitly what the policy impact might be for example in the design of seed production and distribution, credit or mechanization, than to make assumptions.

Finally, the United States of America was pleased during this biennium to have joined in partner­ship with FAO in a new way - through the Associate Professional Programme. While our participation s small, we are nevertheless glad to be able to participate.

Alex Louis TANIS (Haïti): Je ne redirai pas ce qu'ont dit avant moi d'autres orateurs et je me bornerai à formuler des commentaires généraux et brefs sur des points précis du Programme. En ce qui concerne le Programme, il me semble excellent car il couvre les différents domaines de la production agricole. mais il me paraît extrêmement ambitieux compte tenu des conditions économiques très précaires auxquelles la FAO est appelée à faire face. La répartition de ces fonds sur l'ensemble des projets à exécuter doit se faire de façon précise afin d'éviter tout gaspillage de fonds, de temps et de compétence technique.

Pour excellents que soient la plupart des projets contenus dans ce programme, ma délégation pense qu'ils ne sont pas intégrés dans un plan général de planification nationale. A notre avis, il n'y a pas véritablement de phénomène socio-économique qui se nomme le développement de l'agriculture, mais plutôt un phénomène psycho-politico-socio-économique qui se nomme le développement rural, et tant que l'on n'envisagera pas le problème dans sa globalité, il nous semble que l'impact des projets sera limité car on ne peut pas travailler avec des gens qui, technologiquement, ne peuvent accumuler les connaissances nouvelles, on ne peut pas travailler avec des gens malades, des gens qui n'ont aucune sécurité en ce qui concerne la tenure de leurs terres et qui ne peuvent conserver, par des mesures appropriées, les substratum physiques sur lesquels se fera le développement de l'agriculture.

Toujours dans ce programme général, nous pensons qu'il devrait y avoir une collaboration et une planification plus étroites entre la FAO et les différents gouvernements, car les projets qui sont patronnes conjointement par la FAO et les gouvernements respectifs ont pour objectif


principal de renforcer les structures permanentes de nos différents ministères afin d'assurer la relève et la continuation de ces projets et la cessation de l'assistance technique et financière. Mais il semble, le plus souvent, qu'aucune mesure appropriée n'ait été prise et l'exécution de ces projets contribue à l'affaiblissement des structures permanentes et du ministère; et il en résulte parfois une régression de la productivité nationale dans les différents domaines, car aucune mesure n'a été prise par la FAO ni par le Gouvernement qui doit assurer le suivi desdits projets en vue de la cessation de l'assistance technique et financière.

S'agissant du développement de la pêche, qu'il me soit permis de faire deux considérations. En attendant le développement de l'aquaculture, la plupart des pays font un effort gigantesque pour compenser leurs carences en protéines animales; il faudrait organiser la pêche artisanale. Mais pour ce faire,on se heurte à deux obstacles principaux. En effet, le plus souvent, la pêche artisanale est organisée uniquement dans la zone côtière qui est surexploitée étant donné que les petites embarcations dont disposent les pêcheurs sont trop fragiles pour leur permettre d'aller en haute mer; également du fait du manque de matériel, ils ne sont pas organisés pour des captures de poisson en haute mer. 11 en résulte que la zone de haute mer est sous-exploitée alors .que la zone côtière est surexploitée.

S'agissant du PCT, il est absolument nécessaire non seulement de maintenir le budget à son niveau actuel, mais de le renforcer étant donné qu'il, est appelé à libérer des fonds pour la conduite de projets ponctuels; il est là également pour des interventions destinées à relever les conditions de vie des petits exploitants et pour assurer une transition entre deux financements.

Ma dernière remarque s'applique au programme du PNUD. Nous avons remarqué avec beaucoup de satisfaction que les fonds du PNUD ont été augmentés, mais cette augmentation ne se reflète pas toujours dans nos pays nationaux au niveau des budgets des ministères de l'agriculture et du développement rural; en effet, le PNUD finance un certain nombre de projets qui ne sont pas exécutés dans le domaine agricole alors que l'agriculture est considérée comme prioritaire dans la plupart de nos pays on développement.

D'autre part, le PNUD, le plus souvent, s'entend avec le Ministère de la planification ou du Plan pour arriver à une redistribution entre les différents ministères, redistribution se rapprochant du chiffre prévu à l'origine pour le pays. Il en résulte que, malgré la priorité accordée à l'agriculture, ce secteur bénéficie de très peu de fonds accordés à l'origine comme prioritaires.

Face à ces problèmes graves et préoccupants, nous continuons à faire confiance à la FAO car c'est la seule organisation à caractère universel possédant une expérience aussi vaste et une compétence aussi variée dans les domaines ayant trait à l'agriculture; c'est pourquoi nous continuons à appuyer le Programme de terrain, tel que prévu au document C 87/4.

CHAIRMAN: If there are no requests for the floor after Haiti I will give the floor to the Representative of the UNDP as Observer.

Evlogui BONEV (UNDP): UNDP studied with particular interest document C 87/4 entitled "Review of Field Programmes 1986-87." We commend the FAO Secretariat for the excellent presentation of the field activities Organization, during the period under review, particularly with respect to the evolution of UNDP/FAO cooperation. 1 would like to congratulate the Assistant Director-General, Mr Lignon, for the very informative introduction of the item.

I have listened very carefully to the enriching debate that has taken place on this important matter and should i like to assure the distinguished members of FAO that all their comments regarding UNDP and its cooperation with FAO, as well as with member countries, both donors and recipients, were duly noted and would be transferred to Headquarters for their careful attention.


At Plenary of this Conference, I read a statement on behalf of UNDP, reflected in document C 87/PV/13 which contains information regarding matters which aro also the.subject of this item. Therefore I will not repeat what I already said, but will limit myself to some particular comments made with reference to my Organization attempting thereby to clarify some points.

Regarding UNDP's resource situation, we are all pleased here to noto that the results of the recent Pledging Conference marked a third consecutive year of record pledging, with amounts over and above the targets established by the Governing Council. The Governing Council has evisaged to carry out a mid-cycle review of the resource situation of UNDP during its 1989 session. A preliminary review, however, is being planned to take place during the June 1988 session in Geneva. We very much hope that the healthy trend in the stabilization of UNDP's resource situation will continue during the rest of the present Programming Cycle, thus assuring that the developing countries will implement their own programmes as they themselves designed them, and that the priorities they themselves established will not have to be changed due to lack of sufficient resources.

I was pleased to note during this debate that delegations are already well aware that the share of agriculture, and of FAO respectively in UNDP resources, depends entirely on the importance the recipient governments themselves attach and attribute to this sector.

As far as FAO ' s share in UNDP resources for the present cycle is concerned, we, in UNDP, agree with FAO's conclusion that a stabilization of its share is perhaps a realistic expectation. The reasons for this prudent conclusion stem from several recent developments in the evolution of technical co-operation activities in the UN system as well as in the recipient countries. These developments are well reflected in the document under consideration but I should like to underline some of them:

Many developing countries which used to give high priority to agriculture have reached, in some sub-sectors, a stage of self-reliance, thus shifting their priorities to other sectors of socio­economic development. We have several examples in Asia and the Pacific and in the Latin American regions, where some countries have given higher priority to industry, allocating around 50% of their IPFs to this sector. This tendency may, though slowly, develop in other countries as well.

Many developing countries, having reached a higher level of development of their agriculture, prefer short-term consultants, thus replacing long-term experts who consume bigger allocations of resources. Some of them have reached the stage of being able to provide their own local expertise and managers for the projects.

Government execution has slowly but steadily been established as an important and permanent feature of UNDP delivery of technical co-operation projects. It is no longer an exception even in the field of agriculture.

All these developments, which are by no means exhaustive, lead to the conclusion that executing agencies should accordingly re-adjust their methods to facilitate this process, whereby the developing countries may achieve the ultimate goal of self-reliance, the common endeavour of governments, partner-agencies and UNDP.

Achievement of this goal, though still not quite within our grasp, is what we are actually aiming at. Once attained, this will be a source of pride for all parties concerned, including UNDP and FAO, which are trying their utmost to put to the best use their modest contributions in this direction.

ln UNDP's opinion, it is not necessarily the higher share of FAO in UNDP's resources that will make so much difference. It is rather professionalism, quality and efficiency which have a much heavier weight in the job we are doing. We are very pleased that FAO is continuously readjusting to the changing needs and new challenges of the developing countries, and we are pledging our full partnership in this process.

Many delegations referred to the LDC roundtables. We fully subscribe to paragraph 3.115 on page 103 of document C87/4 regarding FAO's participation in the UNDP-sponsored roundtable process and wish to state that we highly value its important contribution in the various stages of this process. We look forward to continued FAO co-operation in this important issue.


Concerning the UNDP Office for Projects Execution, to which some delegations referred, I wish to point out that the 1970 Consensus does not foresee the automatic designations of a specialized agency as an executing agency merely by virtue of that organization's "area of competence". The choice of executing agency is a matter of consultation between the Administrator and the recipient government, taking into account specific project requirements. Often governments express a wish to obtain sources of experience outside the UN system. A large part of the projects executed through OPE provide this additional source of experience which complements existing sources of technical expertise. It needs pointing out that the percentage of OPE-executed projects funded from UNDP's central resources has remained constant under 7.0% over the past five years and that the great majority of the projects are in fact government-executed, while the role of OPE is reduced to assisting the recipient governments only if needed and requested.

It should also be pointed out that in so-called "umbrella" projects of multi-sectoral character executed by OPE, large components have been sub-contracted to executing agencies, including FAO, according to the competence required.

Finally, Mr. Chairman, UNDP/FAO recent review meetings at various levels have strengthened the dialogue between the secretariats of the two organizations and we arc confident that the conclusions and recommendations which were drawn up at these meetings will give a new impetus to our co­operation at both headquarters and field levels, for the benefit of the developing countries.

CHAIRMAN: We have received a written statement by Mexico and of course it will be duly included in the verbatim. We thank the delegation of Mexico for facilitating our work.

Raymond S. LIGNON (Sous-Directeur général, Département du développement): Je voudrais tout d'abord par votre intermédiaire, Monsieur le Président, remercier les honorables délégués qui ont participé à ce débat, et surtout, qui ont apporté un certain nombre de commentaires et de remarques que nous avons notés, et qui nous permettront d'améliorer nos efforts pour rendre le Programme de terrain le plus efficace possible.

Je voudrais tout d'abord m'arrêter sur quelques questions d'ordre général qui ont été posées par plusieurs délégations et qui méritent une réflexion plus approfondie.

Le premier point que je voudrais aborder est celui du problème de la programmation de nos Programmes de terrain. Il ne faut pas oublier que les projets que l'on nomme "FAO" sont en fait des projets des gouvernements, supportés par la FAO; par conséquent, lorsque l'on parle des relations entre les projets et les plans gouvernementaux, il appartient aux gouvernements de vérifier si les projets qu'ils nous soumettent ou qu'ils soumettent au PNÜD ou à des donateurs, pour être exécutés, s'inscrivent bien dans leur plan de développement, et notamment du développement rural.

Il est évident que cette préoccupation sectorielle n'est pas toujours facile et c'est la raison pour laquelle la FAO essaie d'appuyer le plus possible les gouvernements pour que les ministères responsables du développement puissent faire entendre leur voix dans le Conseil gouvernemental, au niveau des ministères de la planification, des finances et de l'économie; chacun sait d'ailleurs qu'il n'est pas toujours facile à un ministère sectoriel de défendre son point de vue. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous insistons sur ce point.

D'autre part, so pose le problème de la coordination des aides; il est vrai que c'est un problème lancinant mais très difficile à résoudre dans la mesure où les différents partenaires de l'aide au développement sont de plus en plus nombreux et ont des règles de plus en plus strictes, soit pour donner une aide, soit pour la recevoir; par conséquent, il faut une très grande maîtrise du système pour arriver à une véritable coordination; et il me semble que la coordination globale n'est pas toujours la meilleure si l'on veut rester sur un pian concret; je veux dire par là


qu'il est peut-être plus important de coordonner dans des cadres macro-économiques do politique générale, des politiques sectorielles ou sous-sectorielles permettant aux donateurs de participer à un programme semences, ou à un programme irrigation, ou viande plutôt que de rechercher s'il est véritablement de la souveraineté du gouvernement de trop intervenir dans la coordination globale de l'aide.

Le problème est aussl compliqué par le fait que plusieurs mécanismes veulent contribuer à cette coordination. Je veux parler des tables rondes ou des groupes consultatifs qui sont pour leur part des systèmes de mécanismes de coordination beaucoup plus d'investissement que d'assistance technique. Et le rôle de la FAO dans ces systèmes est peut-être essentiellement d'intervenir pour rendre d'abord peut-être plus étroits les liens entre l'aide en capital - y compris tout ce que cela représente de conditionalité - et l'aide en assistance technique pour que cette aide en capital soit plus efficace et ait un impact plus grand sur les groupes qui nous préoccupent le plus à la FAO, c'est-à-dire les groupes les plus démunis.

Tout ceci montre que ces problèmes de coordination, qui sont encore une fois de la responsabilité du gouvernement; ne peuvent être réellement résolus que si les ministères intéressés peuvent jouer un rôle, d'où l'effort que nous faisons porter sur les conseils au niveau sectoriel, sur les renfor­cements des cellules de planification dans les ministères techniques et dans toutes les institutions et administrations qui sont chargées de la faire.

Le deuxième point sur lequel je voudrais revenir concerne le problème des ressources. Je voudrais dire premièrement que la FAO n'est pas une agence financière; c'est une agence spécialisée et leader dans le système des Nations unies en ce qui concerne le développement rural.

Deuxièmement les problèmes d'affectation des ressources sont soumis à un certain nombre de contraintes sur lesquelles nous n'avons pas toujours un grand pouvoir d'intervention. Et lorsqu'on dit que les activités de la FAO en Amérique latine et aux Caraïbes ne sont pas aussi importantes qu'on le voudrait, c'est tout simplement parce que la FAO ne trouve pas, soit du côté du PNUD, soit du côté des donateurs bilatéraux, les moyens de financement que nous souhaiterions trouver pour pouvoir aider les gouvernements des pays d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes dans leur programme de développement. L'assistance que nous pouvons leur porter est certainement inférieure à celle que nous voudrions leur donner.

Pour ce qui concerne la part de la FAO dans les programmes du PNUD, je crois qu'il faut d'abord distinguer entre la part de la FAO, la part de l'agriculture et du développement rural dans les programmes du PNUD, et la part en elle-même de la FAO. Sans avoir les chiffres que nous pourrions vous donner si vous le souhaitez, il est clair que les problèmes se posent en termes différentes suivant que l'on est en Afrique, en Amérique latine ou en Asie. Les chiffres que vous avez dans le rapport (qui seraient plus intéressants en plus grand nombre) montrent une décroissance en pour­centage de la part de la FAO dans les financements du PNUD. Ceci est d'abord dû au fait qu'apparais­sent depuis quelques temps de nouvelles institutions dans le système des.Nations Unies qui partici­pent à l'exécution de projets dans lesquels le développement rural occupe une place importante.

Le caractère multidimensionnel du développement rural conduit bien sûr à ne pas très bien savoir finalement où il s'arrête et où il commence, certains disant même que le développement rural trouvera sa solution hors de l'agriculture. On ne peut donc pas évidemment analyser précisément la part de la FAO dans les programmes de financement du PNUD si l'on ne tient pas compte du fait que la Banque mondiale est aussi un agent d'exécution du PNUD comme le PNUD est aussi lui-même un agent d'exécution de la Banque mondiale a la suite d'arrangements passés entre ces deux institutions financières.

Il y a aussi le fait du Bureau des opérations du PNUD dont vient de parler le Représentant du PNUD et dont la part commence à s'accroître pour de nombreuses raisons qu'il n'est peut-être pas nécessaire d'analyser jusqu'au fond, mais qui peut-être ne respecte pas toujours le consensus parce qu'il est plus facile de garder la maîtrise de l'exécution quand on finance l'opération que de. la confier à des tiers qui sont quelquefois gênants par les contraintes techniques qu'ils apportent dans les projets.


Il y a également le fait - et c'est là le point le plus important - de l'exécution des projets par les gouvernements et ceci va dans le bon sens, mais avec un certain nombre de précautions; et c'est la raison pour laquelle il ne faut pas imaginer que l'exécution des projets par les gouvernements annule la tâche de la FAO. Nous avons d'ailleurs dans un certain nombre de pays, des projets qui, étalés sur quatre ou cinq ans, ont un démarrage qui se fait en double commande, si je puis dire, pour essayer de se terminer comme des projets exécutés par le Gouvernement. Ce n'est pas toujours tròs facile à réaliser, mais nous avons des exemples à vous montrer.

Au point de vue de la gestion de ce programme qui devenait de plus en plus complexe, on m'a demandé des informations très précises sur ce qu'est le Comité de Programmes de terrain de la FAO. Je ne veux pas entrer dans le détail, mais je peux dire à Monsieur le délégué du Canada, que s'il le souhaite, je pourrai lui donner les termes de référence et les bulletins qui définissent les activités du Comité Interne de Programmes de terrain.

En ce qui concerne l'évaluation qui a donné lieu à de nombreuses questions, je ne voudrais pas répondre à toutes les questions qui ont été évoquées. Je voudrais quelques commentaires rapides. Par exemple, il a été demandé que la FAO fasse davantage d'évaluations de projets; je voudrais vous dire qu'entre 1981 et 1982, 80 missions d'évaluation ont eu lieu; entre 1983 et 1984, 103 missions d'évaluation, et entre 1985 et 1986, 130 missions d'évaluation. Vous voyez la cadence avec laquelle le Service d'évaluation multiplie ces missions. Cela représente une augmentation considérable, mais tout ceci crée des difficultés très importantes pour organiser de si nombreuses missions chaque année , et encore, les chiffres que je vous ai donnésn'incluent pas les missions thématiques et les missions de programmes.

Une question très importante à laquelle je voudrais répondre rapidement concerne l'évaluation de l'impact. Celle-ci est surtout faite dans le cadre des missions d'évaluation thématique et de programme, par exemple l'aquaculture, les projets de fertilisation ou de mécanisation agricole. Je crois que là encore il faut se rendre compte que l'évaluation de l'impact aboutit finalement à une évaluation ex-postes du projet; que ces évaluations ex-postes coûtent cher, sont difficiles à faire et qu'on essaie par conséquent avec le PNUD de voir dans quelle mesure on peut progresser, relativement lentement d'ailleurs, sur ce chemin.

Il y a encore un commentaire que je voudrais faire sur les missions d'évaluation, peut-être parce qu'il s'agit là encore d'un point important. Certaines délégations ont demandé que ler missions d'évaluation soient en elles-mêmes améliorées. Mais là encore l'augmentation que je vous ai signalée tout à l'heure du nombre des missions montre que ce n'est pas quelque chose qui peut être résolu d'un coup de baguette magique et que nous essayons d'améliorer le système tous les ans. Le système d'information global des cycles des projets nous permettra sans doute d'apporter quelques améiorations supplémentaires.

Je crois qu'il·y aurait beaucoup d'autres questions auxquelles je devrais répondre encore dans le détail, mais vous m'avez dit qu'il ne fallait pas dépasser les heures limites qu'on nous a données. Je n'ai certainement pas répondu à l'ensemble des questions posées par les délégués, mais mes collègues et moi-même sommes tout à fait disposés à leur donner des réponses beaucoup plus précises que celle que je viens de vous donner brièvement, s'ils le souhaitent.

LE PRESIDENT: Je vous remercie beaucoup M. Lignon. En effet, malheureusement, la contrainte du temps nous limite.

I recognize the delegate of the United States, who asked for the floor, but I am told that we do not have even one more minute so far as the interpretation assistance is concerned. So may I ask the indulgence of the delegate of the United States, and also your indulgence, Mr Lignon, because I guess it will be a supplementary question, and the United States will be the first speaker when we reconvene at 20.30 hours as I said, and then we can continue our discussion on the Field Programme.

Panama kindly gave their written statement to be included in the verbatim report: it will be done.


Frank Mensa DENYOH (Ghana): As my delegation has already said, the FAO Secretariat is to be commended for the thoughtful and comprehensive manner in which the Review of Field Programme in C 87/4 has been presented. The varieties of the issues raised and the topics covered in the document are of particular interest to countries of Africa.

My brief intervention, however, would cover Chapter 3, sections 3.1 to 3.52. These sections have immediate relevance for the on-going national and international actions aimed at rehabilitating the economics of sub-SaharanAfrica. For Planning, Policy Analysis and Training in planning are areas which require most emphasis. We therefore applaud the FAO for putting in place programmes to help African countries in these areas. Our gratitude also goes to the contributors to the UNDP and the Trust Fund for making it possible for the FAO to continue implementing its planning assistance programme. But there is a lot more to be done. This calls for an increased flow of resources, more replenishment, more sympathy and greater identification with our most important development need which can best be handled at the multi-lateral level.

Planning and Policy do complement each other. They are best handled when relevant data are made available. Those three interrelated activities give us a sense of direction even as we tend to find ourselves perched on roller-skates not knowing which direction to go. Some of us are mindful of the old Asian proverb: "No one goes so far as he who does not know where he is going to". The FAO's choice of emphasis on planning assistance is a step in the right direction and has to be encouraged, not discouraged.

My delegation notes with satisfaction the multi-faceted assistance that FAO continues to render to developing countries. The assistance given - the type, scope and size - tends to be country -specific and there is an implicit suggestion that the initiative has always come from a particular developing country. However, it seems to my delegation that for purposes of cost-effectiveness, we need a minimum of interrelated planning related activities in place at a country level. These are: 1) sector studies and sector analysis; 2) policy formulation and implementation; 3) project identification, formulation, monitoring and evaluation; 4) statistics - information gathering, analysis, storage and retrieval.

It does not require much effort to realise that if all the above-mentioned planning-related activities are not taken up simultaneously at each individual country level, the overall FAO planning assistance programme may fail to achieve thè needed impact.

Planning in developing countries cannot take place in an "undeveloped" institutional environment where the necessary trained manpower and logistics should be present.

The euphoria which accompanied "development planning" in the fifties (or perhaps going back to the twenties if you want to give Ghana the credit for being the first country in the world to come out with a Development Plan in 1927) has given way to a sense of disillusionment. For many reasons which can be attributed to political, technical, institutional and budgetary factors, many development plans have ended up in cold storage. Nor have the credentials of planners assumed any better posture. Our assessment of the situation has clearly revealed that the most single factor that has been the cause of lack of implementation of development plans so far is the structure of the national budgets. It was for this reason that African Ministers of Agriculture at the FAO Regional Conference for Africa in Arusha in 1978 charged the FAO with the responsibility of assisting all African countries to institutionalise programme budgeting. Throe features of the traditional budget which frustrated efforts to implement development plans are: 1) there is absolutely no harmony between the recurrent budget and the capital budget. Consequently, even if adequate provisions are made in the recurrent budget, inadequate provisions are made in the capital budget. 2) The input-orientation of the budget as against the output-orientation of the programme budgeting makes it almost impossible to monitor and evaluate projects in the budgets. 3) Lack of harmony between the budget and the Plan.

Therefore, Mr Chairman, whilst my delegation congratulates the FAO for the many planning assistance projects it is currently implementing, we say action is badly needed in the area of budget reform


at each individual country level to interface with the on-going structural adjustment programmes. Unless this is done we shall continue to have difficulties and the pay-off from the planning assistance projects may be negligible. 1/

E.T. CHENCU (Zimbabwe): First of all my delegation would like to congratulate you on your election to the Chair and also we would like to compliment the Secretariat for producing the excellent document C 87/LÎM/20 now under discussion.

My delegation has studied the document very carefully and would like to point out that my delegation is in broad agreement with and supports the programmes of FAO as proposed here.

We feel that FAO should continue its catalytic role to agricultural development in developing countries. In Zimbabwe we see FAO playing four important functions, namely: (a) Assistance in project planning, especially in new activities such as horticulture and fisheries. (b) Planning for major investment projects through the FAO Investment Centre. (c) Acting as a focus for obtaining donor aid through the production bankable documents. (d) Training of counterpart personnel. To this end we have found the various Trust Fund programmes and the Technical Cooperation Programme very useful and we feel these should be suggested and where possible increased.

Where FAO has acted within the priorities of the recipient country and in close liaison with local personnel there has been maximum benefit and transfer of technologies to our country.

We feel that FAO should place greater emphasis on planning for sustainability and self-sufficiency by the recipient country.

All efforts should be made to continue to reduce, wherever possible, the programme delivery costs so that maximum funds can become available to actual project implementation.

There should also be a focus on assisting to increase the aid-absorption capacity of the recipient countries. We also find that we derive maximum benefit in these projects where we are able to provide Zimbabwe counterpart staff who can continue the work after the consultants have left.

We particularly appreciate the Special Trust Fund Activities that deal with emergencies such as locust, army worm and other disease control. The ability of FAO to react quickly to such emergencies has always been appreciated.

FAO has also assisted us in arranging for marketing of export products through triangular arrange­ments and in future we look forward to receiving more such assistance.-

Srta. Margarita LIZARRAGA SAUCEDO (Mexico): Mi delegación agradece al Sr.Lignon por su brillante y esclarecedora introducción del tema; mi delegación apoya entusiastamente el trabajo que realiza el Departamento de Desarrollo a su cargo.

Seremos muy breves en áreas de contribuir a que completemos nuestro programa de trabajo, sin embargo, deseamos hacer algunos comentarios que consideramos fundamentales dado que los programas de campo es un elemento esencial de las labores que FAO realiza en apoyo de nuestros países.

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1/Statement inserted in the verbatim records on request.


La Delegación mexicana se complace del papel potenciador de la FAO en lo que respecta al uso de fondos externos en la asistencia técnica a nuestros países y la inducción de proyectos de inversión.

De la misma manera, esperamos que la FAO pueda recibir el apoyo prioritario del Programa de Naciónos Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), que constituye la fuente de financiamiento mas importante para los proyectos de campo que la FAO haya recibido en 1986 fondos por mas de 1 000 millones de dólares, cifra que jamas se había registrado; asimismo, nos vemos en la necesidad de insistir en que debe prevalecer ademas de la prioridad ya establecida, el equilibrio regional en las asignaciones de los recursos y por ende en la de los programas de campo, ya que en lo que respecta a la región latinoamericana el número de programas ha descendido considerablemente: mientras que para el bienio representa únicamente el 7% del conjunto para programas en operación, en un momento en que la región está sufriendo el embate de una crisis por el peso de la deuda externa en detrimento de la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo.

Por otro lacio, en lo que respecta a los Programas de Fondos Fiduciarios, reiteramos que éstos deberán realizarse bajo la coordinación y asesoramiento de la Organización en estrecho contacto con los gobiernos, asegurando con ello que dichos programas lleguen a los países beneficiarios en forma multilateral y no multibiiateral, como muchos países han venido manejando a través del programa de cooperación con ios gobiernos, con lo que se podrá evitar toda posible condicionaiidad en los programas. Reconocemos, sin embargo, que existen honorosas diferencias.

Asimismo, insistimos en que la aplicación de los programas deberá aprovechar ios recursos materiales y humanos del país beneficiario de tales programas. Una formula para alcanzar ese propósito es reclutar, preferentemente, personal nacional radicado en el país beneficiario, en lugar de contratar personal extranjero, dentro de los marcos autorizados de presupuesto. Del mismo modo se podría favorecer la creación de cuerpos técnicos de los países en desarrollo a través del uso de equipo y capacitadores nacionales que podrían multiplicar el impulso que se deriva de la aplicación de los programas y asimismo, bajar costos y aprovechar mejor los recursos disponibles.

Finalmente, considerarnos que un elemento que podría contribuir a elevar el nivel de eficiencia y reforzamiento de los programas de campo, es utilizar mejor el papel que desempeñan las representaciones permanentes de la FAO establecidas en ios países como un fuerte punto de apoyo técnico entre los gobiernos, la Secretaría y los otros organismos internacionales representados en los países.

Horacio MALTEZ (Panamá): Deseamos iniciar esta intervención felicitando al Sr. Lignon por la excelente presentación del tema en examen.

Para nuestro país, Panamá, los programas de campo de la FAO han sido siempre motivo de particular atención. Nosotros no sólo hemos centrado nuestra atención en el alcance de las actividades operacionales de esta Organización, sino que nos interesamos también, de forma especial, en su contenido, siguiendo con interés sus tendencias y prioridades. Como en ios bienios anteriores el contenido del examen de los programas de campo que hoy efectuamos, representa, en nuestra opinión, un análisis abierto y constructivo de las características, tendencias y perspectivas de dichos programas, al igual que una evaluación franca y objetiva de los mismos.

Dentro de este contexto la Delegación de Panamá, al manifestar en forma general, su apoyo a dicho examen, desea expresar su complacencia de que, a pesar de las dificultades por las que atraviesa la Organización, se continúe registrando un aumento, aunque modesto, de los programas de campo de la FAO. Lamentamos, sin embargo, y de ello llamamos la atención, que el nivel de los programas en cuestión no esté en consonancia con las realidades de los arduos y complicados problemas que confrontamos en la actualidad la mayoría de los países en desarrollo y a los cuales debemos hacer frente en un ambiente económico y político internacional sumamente adverso.

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1/ Texto incluido en las actas a petición expresa.

A este respecto nuestra Delegación desea manifestar su esperanza y su optimismo de que en vista de la gran cantidad de recursos prometidos al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), los programas de campo puedan aumentar considerablemente durante el próximo bienio, ya que ello significaría un alivio para, y subrayo, usar una palabra que ha querido ser utilizada por otra delegación como un elemento de provocación, nuestras frustraciones. Frustraciones que sin embargo, y lo resaltamos, no son sinónimos de impotencia.

La Delegación de Panamá, reitera su apoyo pleno a la prioridad concedida al Africa por cuanto se refiere a las actividades operacionales. Ello no sólo nos parece justo sino necesario. En efecto, conocemos quo en muchas zonas de dicho continente subsisten y basta empeoran, problemas alimentarios y agrícolas sumamente graves. Manifestamos, en este marco de referencias, nuestra solidaridad y apoyo al Programa de Rehabilitación Agrícola para Africa.

Nuestra Delegación desea sin embargo, manifestar su preocupación por la situación de nuestra región, América Latina y El Caribe, en lo que se refiere a la distribución de las asignaciones para los proyectos de campo. En efecto, se nota a este propósito una disminución progresiva de dichas asignaciones para nuestra reglón. Estimamos, por lo tanto, conveniente que para alcanzar el justo equilibrio regional se continúe concediendo a nuestra región la asistencia que tanto necesita en materia de actividades de campo.

Por lo que se refiere al PCT ya hemos hecho referencia al mismo en forma amplia en nuestras intervenciones anteriores. En esta ocasión nos limitaremos a evidenciar que a pesar de sus limitados recursos, en nuestra opinión, el PCT desempeña una función de suma importancia en ios programas de campo de esta Organización y que por lo tanto le reiteramos nuestro apoyo.

En general manifestamos nuestra complacencia y especial interés por el considerable aumento del componente de capacitación que se imparte actualmente a través de las actividades de campo, y es que mientras para algunos el conocimiento significa la clave del poder, para nosotros la capacitación representa la clave del desarrollo, razón por la cual la anhelamos.

Dentro de este contexto no podemos dejar pasar la ocasión sin destacar un hecho que consideramos de una importancia sustantiva, a saber la utilización cada vez mayor de los recursos de los propios países en desarrollo para la ejecución de sus proyectos de campo.

Para nuestra delegación el examen objetivo y sistemático de las actividades operacionales de la FAO es esencial para la eficacia de los programas que se ejecutan. Nos complace, pues, el fortalecimiento del servicio de Evaluación operado en la FAO y que se aprecia en el capítulo 2 del presente examen. A este respecto deseamos observar sin embargo que, aun reconociendo y aprobando todas las acciones de análisis que sirvan para mejorar la calidad y el impacto de los programas, debemos tener cuidado en no caer en la obsesión casi patológica de medir la efectividad de los programas con el patrón único del costo/beneficio. En efecto, en nuestros países en desarrollo, ello no es siempre posible y en algunas ocasiones la evaluación debe efectuarse a través de otras consideraciones de carácter socio-político o cualitativas, difícilmente mensurables en un cálculo económico-financiero.

La delegación de Panamá, estima, asimismo, oportuno manifestar su complacencia y su respaldo a la labor del Centro de Inversiones de la FAO. A tal propósito es para nosotros motivo de particular satisfacción observar que, a pesar de que los fondos disponibles en condiciones de favor para el desarrollo de los sistemas de crédito para la alimentación y la agricultura siguen siendo insuficientes las actividades de dicho centro se han mantenido en un nivel alto.

De la misma manera, nos complace la importancia que se otorga a las múltiples actividades de la FAO que suministra a los gobiernos miembros asistencia en sus actividades de planificación tal como se destaca en el capítulo tres. Estimamos que dicha función es esencial para mejorar la programación y la coordinación de la ayuda para el desarrollo y se justifica con creces, dada las precarias situaciones económicas en que se encuentran en la actualidad gran parte de los países en desarrollo.

Igualmente nuestra delegación desea apoyar, en forma general, lo contemplado en el capítulo 4 y que se relaciona con la evolución de las actividades de campo de la FAO. Nos complace de manera especial que esta Organización haga esfuerzos para reforzar la capacidad de los países y para


aumentar el rendimiento de los proyectos utilizando cada vez más un mayor número de Directores de Proyectos y de personal profesional de los distintos países. Consideramos ai respecto que tal práctica no sólo crea mejores oportunidades de labor a nuestros técnicos, sino que también, y sobre todo, constituye un aliento y estimula el espíritu de superación del personal nacional.

De la misma manera expresamos nuestra complacencia por el creciente número de mujeres que están siendo capacitadas y las cuales, estamos seguros, representan un importante pilar en los planes de desarrollo rural de los países en desarrollo.

La delegación panameña desea expresar también su satisfacción por la importancia que se les concede a la cooperación técnica y económica entre países en desarrollo, la que consideramos como elemento básico para el establecimiento de un nuevo orden económico internacional. Estimamos que este es un objetivo que debe perseguirse activamente.

Para terminar, la Delegación de panamá desea expresar, una vez más, seria preocupación por las tendencias cada vez más generalizadas, de reducir los recursos internacionales para el sector agrícola. Nos preocupan sus efectos sobre el muítilateralismo. Nos preocupa, que tal tendencia esté dirigida contra los organismos que lo practican. Nos preocupan ios fines que con ellos se persiguen y finalmente nos preocupan cuáles podrían ser sus consecuencias.

The meeting rose at 18.30 hours
La séance est levée à 18 h 30
Se levanta la sesión a las 18.30 horas

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