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I. MAJOR TRENDS AND POLICIES IN FOOD AND AGRIO&TURE (continued)
I. PRINCIPALES TENDANCES ET POLITIQUES EN MATIERE D'ALIMENTATION ET D'AGRICULTURE (suite)
I. PRINCIPALES TENDENCIAS Y POLITICAS EN IA AGRICULTURA Y LA ALIMENTACION (continuación)

6. World Food and Agriculture Situation (continued)
6. Situation mondiale de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture (suite)
6. Situación alimentaria y agrícola en el mundo (continuación)

6.1 State of Food and Agriculture (continued)
6.1 Situation de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture (suite)
6.1 El estado mundial de la agricultura y la alimentación (continuación)

CHAIRMAN: The delegate of Indonesia would like to take the floor on item 6.1.

Widayat Edi FRANATO (Indonesia): The delegation of Indonesia would like to present a resolution on the issue of the Tropical Forestry Action Plan under item 6.1 of our agenda.

CHAIRMAN: I thank the delegate of Indonesia. The text of his resolution will be conveyed to the Chair and transmitted to the Resolutions Committee, and then back to our Commission.

Grégoire NIKEOUA (Congo): Je voudrais informer la Coimission que le Congo envisage de soumettre à son approbation une proposition de Résolution sur la foresterie. Cela se justifie simplement par le fait qu'il y a nécessité de mener des actions de plus en plus intégrées étant donné que le domaine d'action est le même, c'est-à-dire le monde rural. Je voudrais rappeler que cette session se tient au moment où la deforestation a atteint des proportions inquiétantes et que l'agroforesterie est une action salutaire pour lutter contre la deforestation, étant entendu que l'agriculture constitue l'une des principales activités qui dégrade la forêt car la population rurale défriche pour les besoins de l'agriculture ainsi que pour les besoins en produits forestiers.

11. Plan of Action for the Integration of Women into Agricultural and Rural Development (continued)
11. Plan d'action pour l'intégration des femmes dans le développement agricole et rural (suite)
11. Plan de acción para la integración de la mujer en el desarrollo agricola y rural (continuación)

Gabriel FIO-NGAINDIRO (République centrafricaine) : Prenant la parole pour la première fois à cette commission, ita délégation se joint à celles qui l'ont précédée pour vous présenter, M. le Président, nos vives félicitations pour votre brillante élection et pour la perspicacité avec laquelle vous menez les

débats. Sans être intervenus, nous avons suivi avec un intérêt tout à fait réel la plupart des sujets qui ont été traités dans la commission; et ma délégation fait siennes toutes les résolutions issues des différents débats.

Pour le sujet qui nous préoccupe en ce moment, la délégation centrafricaine félicite le Secrétariat pour la qualité des documents soumis à notre analyse, et M. Dutia pour la clarté avec laquelle il nous en a présenté la synthèse.

Enfin nous félicitons le Directeur général qui n'a ménagé aucun effort pour mettine en application la Résolution 4/87 de la vingt-quatrième session de la Conférence de la FAO en 1987 afin de nous permettre de traiter en ce moment de l'important sujet qui est celui d'un Plan d'action pour l'intégration des femmes dans le développement.

La délégation centrafricaine apprécie à leur juste valeur les mesures préconisées pour la mise en oeuvre du Plan d'action pour l'intégration des faunes dans le développement, et l'approuve. Cependant, la spécificité de chaque pays nous amène à en orienter les priorités.

Juridiquement, les femmes détiennent les mêmes prérogatives que les hontes en République centrafricaine. Elles ont accès à toutes les professions au même titre que les honres pour peu qu'elles en client la qualification. Il demeure cependant une préoccupation, et non des moindres, dans le fait que plus de 80 pour cent de nos femmes sont encore des rurales avec un taux de scolarisation assez bas.

Ces femmes doivent faire valoir leurs droits, prendre conscience de leur rôle dans le développement, chercher à diminuer la pénibilité de leurs charges quotidiennes. C'est pourquoi la priorité des priorités pour les femmes en République centrafricaine demeure la formation et l'éducation. Cette formation devra s'acquérir dans les groupements car, au sein des groupements, les femmes pourront obtenir une caution solidaire pour l'obtention de crédits.

La formation et l'éducation permettent aux femmes non seulement de s'affirmer mais de comprendre tout mécanisme susceptible de permettre l'accès au crédit et l'introduction de toute innovation en ce qui concerne les petites unités de transformation en milieu rural pour alléger la pénibilité du travail et en accroître la productivité.

Le Plan d'action soumis à notre analyse prévoit une bonne préparation des cadres de la FAO pour s'acquitter de leur tâche. Ma délégation se permet d'insister sur la formation des formateurs nationaux qui sont eux-mêmes déjà dans le milieu.

C'est vous dire que nous comptons sur la disponibilité de la FAO pour un appui à:

- la formation des formateurs des femmes,

- la formation des femmes,

- l'organisation des festines en groupements,

- l'introduction des unités de transformation en milieu rural,

- la création des conditions propices à l'accès au crédit.

Pour conclure et pour illustrer son intervention, la délégation centrafricaine tient à vous indiquer qu'en matière de production vivrière, la République centrafricaine est globalement autosuffisante et que les cultures vivrières sont essentiellement l'affaire des femmes.

Denezio J. BISIKA (Malawi): Since the Malawi delegation is taking the floor for the first time, please accept our warm and heartfelt congratulations on your election, Mr Chairman.

The Malawi delegation wishes to reaffirm what was said by the leader of the delegation in the Plenary regarding the integration of women in agriculture and rural development. We welcome the FAO Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development and endorse the priority ratings. We should also like to commend Dr Dutia for the clarity with which he introduced the subject.

The role of women in development is crucial. Apart from their household role in child rearing, carrying water and firewood, food production and processing, women are capable of playing a major role in the socio-economic activities. For women to play this role some basic conditions must be fulfilled. In the first place appropriate time-saving and drudgery-reducing technology is needed so that less time end effort is spent on the household role. Secondly, women should have direct access to technology, inputs and other factors of production. They should participate in decision-making and all other planning processes and income-generating activities.

The political will to integrate women in development in Malawi manifests itself in the very existence of the League of Malawi women in the Malawi Congress Party right from the time of independence.

Already in Malawi steps have been taken to integrate women in development along the lines proposed in document C 89/14-Sup.1. A National Commission for women in development to coordinate the participation of woman is in full operation.

Four years ago a women's organization called Chitukuko Cha a Mai M'Malawi (CCAM) was established and is contributing to development in the field of health, social welfare and agriculture.

Recognizing that about 30% of households are female-headed, and that around 69% of labour in agriculture is provided by women, a women's programme section was established in the Ministry of Agriculture to cater for the interests and needs of women farmers in agricultural extension and training, credit, marketing and income generation. It is a policy of the Department of Agriculture to include no less than 30% of women in all agricultural extension and training programmes.

To monitor this, data collection has been dis-aggregated into men and women.

The women' s programme section has been strengthened by the provision of technical assistance financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Malawi Agriculture Research and Extension (MARE) project. An FAO-executed project financed by UNDP on income generation activities for women is being implemented. Steps are being taken to ensure that there are more female staff in agriculture and other sectors of development.

The Malawi delegation, therefore, commends the FAO Action Plan for the Integration of Women in Development for adoption by the Conference.

Sra. Delia CHEVALIER VILLMONTE (Panamá): Permítame en primer lugar, señor Presidente, agradecer al Sr. Dutia por la excelente presentación del tema, así como a la Dra. Spring y a su equipo por el dinamismo demostrado en promover y poner en práctica el Plan de la Mujer.

Mi delegación aprueba el Plan de Acción para la Integración de la Mujer en el Desarrollo por considerarlo un instrumento válido para promover en todas las esferas mayor igualdad y mejores oportunidades para la mujer, en particular los lineamientos y estrategias que tienden a reforzar a la mujer en cuanto productora agrícola y su contribución al desarrollo rural.

De igual manera, consideramos de capital importancia los esfuerzos programáticos contenidos en la parte tercera del Plan, relativa a las normas jurídicas. Le damos especial atención en la medida de que en muchos de nuestros países, incluso el mío, existen un sinnúmero de disposiciones legales, pero que en la práctica distan mucho de propiciar la integración de la mujer a las fuerzas productivas.

En este sentido, damos nuestro apoyo a las iniciativas sobre este aspecto contenidas en el documento, por considerarlas cano mecanismos básicos para combatir la actitud discriminatoria hacia la mujer sin menoscabo de su rol fundamental dentro del marco de la familia, y sin los cuales, a nuestro juicio, nigun progreso será posible.

En lo que se refiere al papel de la mujer en las organizaciones populares, consideramos oportuno señalar que durante el 94Q Consejo de la FAO se aprobó solicitar a la Organización la preparación de un plan de acción para impulsar la participación popular en el desarrollo agrícola. Plan que vemos, igualmente, cono una oportunidad para que se incluya e impulse la participación de la mujer en el mismo.

Para terminar, no podemos pasar esta oportunidad sin expresar nuestra preocupación, y a la vez lamentar, que debido a las circunstancias impuestas a la Organización, la puesta en práctica del Plan esté condicionada a la disponibilidad de recursos en el Programa Ordinario, o que deba recurrirse a recursos extrapresupuestarios. Ello podría interpretarse como que un elemento determinante en el desarrollo agrícola y social en muchos países en desarrollo, reciba desde sus inicios, dentro del marco del sistema de Naciones unidas, una priorización de segundo orden, como es propio de nuestros precarios presupuestos nacionales.

Por ello, confiamos que la Secretaría de la FAO hará un esfuerzo dentro del marco del Programa Ordinario para dar inicio a su aplicación.

Sra. Cencha Marina RAMIREZ DE LOPEZ (Honduras): La delegación de Honduras apoya el Plan de Acción para la Integración de la Mujer en el Desarrollo y que concuerda con los tres niveles de la estrategia diseñada; es decir: aumentar la base de información sobre las mujeres en el desarrollo agrícola, elaborar y fomentar políticas basadas en este conocimiento, y preparar progranas adecuados.

También consideramos útil para los gobiernos en la planificación de ejecución de políticas y proyectos, el marco presentado en el Plan en sus distintas esferas: estado civil, social, económico y tena de decisiones.

Nos parece, sin embargo, que la planificación del Plan debería estar más orientada hacia la acción y hacia las necesidades de los países y, sobre todo, de la mujer rural. Eso es consecuencia de las prioridades, y la asignación de recursos debería estar también conforme a dichas necesidades.

En lo que se refiere a la capacitación del personal de la FAO, la delegación de Honduras considera que nuestros contactos de trabajo con el personal de la Organización han demostrado que se cuenta con profesionales altamente calificados en distintas disciplinas y en capacidad de ejecutar cualquier plan de acción.

En el párrafo 40 del Informe presentado a la Conferencia se hace una breve relación a las áreas en las cuales la FAO debería dar asistencia a los países, previa solicitud de los gobiernos. Consideramos estas cuatro áreas ion tanto limitadas para las necesidades y para el campo tan amplio caro es el de la integración de la mujer, considerando sus múltiples actividades y su contribución en los cancos domésticos y de madre en el crecimiento, formación y conducción de la familia y del hogar, la acción productiva de la mujer en el campo agropecuario y en activades no agrícolas caro son la artesanía y la pequeña industria. Además, la mujer juega un papel improtante en la comercialización de los productos.

Todo lo anterior nos hace pensar que el Plan de Acción debería incluir peticiones de los gobiernos en otras áreas que vayan dirigidas a las necesidades de la mujer. Como ilustración podríamos citar: formulación y ejecución de proyectos en el campo agrícola y actividades de la pequeña industria y artesanía, y en el establecimiento de sistemas y mecanismos de comercialización; apoyar a los países en la búsqueda de financiamiento para la puesta en marcha de proyectos y de aplicación de políticas y estrategias; apoyar una acción más amplia y armónica con los organismos no gubernamentales; y asistir en el diseño y establecimiento de indicadores pertinentes y de un mecanismo de seguimiento y evaluación.

La delegación de Honduras también estima que la efectiva integración de la mujer se logrará únicamente si se atacan desde sus raíces, los obstáculos que históricamente han frenado la incorporación de la mujer.

Se hace necesario un conocimiento más amplio y profundo de estos obstáculos y barreras para hacer diseñar políticas o acciones tendientes a eliminarlas o superarlas. Podríamos mencionar, como ejemplo, factores o elementos culturales, sociales, tradicionales, religiosos y algunas costumbres y disposiciones que norman los procedimientos de herencia.

Sin embargo, es necesario reconocer que en los últimos años se ha logrado avances importantes en el campo de la integración de la mujer; y sobre todo, se ha dado reconocimiento a la importancia de su acción en las distintas actividades. Pero aún falta mucho por hacer, y en esta tarea esperamos que el Plan de Acción sea revisado para orientarlo hacia la superación de obstáculos y el diseño de programas y proyectos acordes con la necesidad de la mujer.

Muy a menudo escuchamos que las mujeres ya están integradas por el simple hecho de las distintas labores que desempeñan. Sobre este punto, nosotros desearíamos hacer una reflexión y una aclaración, y es la de que no se confunda esa excesiva carga de trabajo con un proceso de integración de la mujer en el desarrollo.

Tassiou AMINOU (Niger) : La délégation nigérienne a le plaisir de prendre la parole pour exprimer son point de vue sur le thème en discussion, à savoir l'intégration des femmes dans le développement. Sur ce sujet, les documents de travail présentés par le Secrétariat sont d'une qualité irréprochable; il y a donc lieu ici de l'en féliciter, en particulier pour l'analyse très édifiante qui a été faite sur les 6 aspects suivants:

- la condition juridique de la ferme,

- la sphère économique,

- la sphère sociale,

- la sphère des décisions,

- l'amélioration des instruments d'intervention et, de manière plus générale,

- les faunes dans le développement.

Bien évidemment l'hétérogénéité des situations rencontrées sur les différents continents est un handicap pour proposer des mesures standardisées en réponse aux problèmes rencontrés; il y a donc lieu ici de maintenir une flexibilité des mesures envisagées au sujet des 6 points évoqués tantôt.

Comme vous le savez, il y a très souvent une marge entre les déclarations de bonnes intentions et la traduction de ces déclarations en actes concrets à cause de la lenteur qui caractérise les changements de mentalité de manière générale.

Ainsi par example, certains changements dans ce que le document intitulé "Plan d'action de la FAO dans l'intégration des femmes dans le développaient", qu'il s'agisse d'un équilibre plus favorable à la ferme dans l'occupation des postes au niveau de la FAO ou qu'il s'agisse de l'indication plus grande et plus équitable de la famie dans les occupations des postes de responsabilité dans les administrations nationales, quoi qu'il en soit ces différents aspects ne sont pas toujours suivis d'effets à l'échelle de la grande majorité des femmes concernées par les problèmes c'est-à-dire les fammes rurales. A ce dernier niveau, des changements sensibles ne seront obtenus qu'en attaquant les maux à leur racine c'est-à-dire en ayant une compréhension totale et complète de la dynamique sociale et en envisageant des réformes appropriées ce qui est une oeuvre de longue haleine.

Au Niger, où la population féminine est estimée à 53 pour cent de la population, l'action gouvernementale a depuis le début des années 70 inclus la nécessité d'encourager une intégration plus efficace des farines dans le dévelopment. Cette option a été traduite dans les faits ces dernières années, par la création d'un ministère à part entière chargé de la condition féminine et des affaires sociales (dirigé par une femme), et par la mise en oeuvre d'un certain nombre d'actions allant dans le sens de la promotion féminine, les actions développées jusqu'à présent ont, à défaut d'avoir appiani toutes les ségrégations dont les femmes font l'objet, permis de jeter les jalons d'un développement équitable à travers l'élaboration en cours actuellement d'un code rural qui réglementera les questions foncières et leur implication sur le processus du développèrent rural, d'un code de la famille qui codifiera les responsabilités respectives de la ferme et de l'home au regard des obligations des ménages et au regard des actions de développèrent.

S'agissant maintenant des actions menées jusqu'à présent elles ont porté sur l'allégèrent des tâches féminines en milieu rural car le problème se pose, dans nos conditions au terme d'allégement des tâches, dans un premier temps. En effet, la fenome joue un grand rôle dans toute la chaîne de production alimentaire des aliments et supporte souvent seule le fardeau si je puis dire, de la chaîne de transformation de ces aliments. Cela se traduit par des tâches pénibles au niveau:

- de la collecte du bois de chauffe (principale source d'énergie),

- de l'approvisionnement en eau potable parfois à partir de puits très profonds,

- des tâches pénibles comme la transformation quotidienne de graines en aliments.

Les actions menées à travers les projets de développement se sont traduites souvent par un transfert de charge de la femme vers l'homme qu'il s'agisse des questions d'adduction d'eau, qu'il s'agisse d'autres actions en relation avec le moulin à grains, il s'agit là d'opérations qui se traduisent par un transfert de charges de l'homme vers la femme.

Dans ce contexte, on imagine aisément la résistance que cela peut susciter dans une communauté rurale où le pouvoir d'achat en général demeure très stationnaire pour ne pas dire en baisse.

C'est donc dire que le problème doit être perçu dans un processus global de développement améliorant les conditions et la qualité de vie en milieu rural, impliquant une juste répartition des revenus et des bienfaits du développement, ainsi que la mise en place à tous les niveaux d'un programme éducatif dont on pourrait escompter à moyen et long terme un effet de transformation des mentalités.

Nous supportons donc les différentes orientations proposées par le document intitulé "Plan d'action" en insistant cependant sur la nécessité d'éviter que les instruments d'intervention ne soient que des mesures dont l'effet s'arrêterait uniquement au niveau des couches justement les plus favorisées de la population, qui pensent, par quelques actions de saupoudrage, se donner bonne conscience, mais il s'agit bien plus des actions susceptibles de provoquer des changements fondamentaux dans le processus du développement en milieu rural.

Oscar Sales PETINGA (Portugal): La délégation portugaise félicite le Secrétariat pour l'élaboration des documents tels que le C 89/14 Rev.1 et C 89/14 Sup.1 qui nous ont facilité notre travail et ont permis des interventions plus approfondies.

Face aux documents présentés nous pouvons apprécier l'action de la FAO pour que la résolution 3/87 de la Conférence, ainsi que les recommandations du Conseil soient accomplies. On considère aussi très satisfaisant tout le chemin parcouru pour promouvoir tout d'abord l'égalité des ouvertures pour les femmes, ainsi que leur intégration dans le développement. Dans mon pays, depuis longtemps, les femmes ont une situation identique sur le plan juridique, c'est-à-dire qu'elles peuvent occuper toutes les places et responsabilités dans la société portugaise.

L'accès à l'éducation est égalitaire et les établissements d'enseignement sont mixtes à tous les niveaux. Pour cela il existe une égalité en ce qui concerne l'enseignement et les opportunités.

Cependant, pour certains travaux, le nombre d'hommes à l'enseignement est supérieur mais il y a aussi d'autres métiers dans lesquels les femmes sont largement majoritaires, comme par exemple les services sociaux, certaines branches des sciences, comme la biologie, la littérature et l'histoire.

A la moitié de la décade des années 50 le nombre de femmes intéressées par l'enseignement agricole n'était pas supérieur à 10 pour cent de leurs élèves. Aujourd'hui, dans les universités et les écoles supérieures agricoles, le nombre de filles est supérieur à 50 pour cent et beaucoup manifestent le désir de travailler plus tard dans le monde tropical, profitant de l'expérience et de la vocation existant dans cette zone.

Sous l'aspect social au niveau du secteur rural qui est plus arriéré, la femme a seulement une fonction dones tique, ne participe presque en rien aux décisions de l'exploitation agricole. On a alors initié un travail de valorisation de la femme aux tâches de la maison, par des cours de ménage domestique et d'artisanat.

La situation a beaucoup changé ces dernières années et des cas identiques déjà mentionnés font maintenant exception au Portugal. D'un autre côté, la modernisation de l'agriculture et l'adhésion de mon pays à la Communauté européenne a dynamisé et fait développer une grande quantité de jeunes agriculteurs dont beaucoup sont des filles qui gèrent leurs exploitations.

Je voudrais encore parler de l'agriculture en "part-time" dans la zone mini-foncière où l'homme travaille dans une usine ou aux services et la femme s'occupe des travaux de l'exploitation. Cette activité de la femme est très normale aux environs des villes industrialisées du nord du pays, où l'industrie et les services sont bien développés et les hommes ont en général des emplois en dehors de l'agriculture. Nous ne devons pas aussi oublier la femme qui exploite les petites exploitations rurales quand les hommes émigrent.

La nouvelle génération des femmes rurales a l'opportunité de trouver dans l'agriculture une activité comme exploitant agricole.

Mon pays a toujours suivi avec beaucoup d'intérêt les échanges d'expériences au niveau européen que la FAO a favorisés et nous croyons que cette activité doit être renforcée et intensifiée et pour cette raison nous ne nous accordons pas avec les quelques réductions des dotations pour les activités au niveau de la REUR.

Cependant, ces frais représentent un pourcentage trop petit sur le budget global de la FAO et ainsi cette contribution n'a pas d'influence significative sur les programmes des pays moyens développés qui, à notre avis, devront :recevoir l'appui principal de la FAO. Nous acceptons la priorité mais non son exclusivité.

Je voudrais encore faire référence au fait que dans mon pays la législation décide que les hommes et les femmes qui réalisent les mêmes tâches ont les mêmes salaires. Cependant, au niveau des travaux plus lourds de l'agriculture, de l'industrie et des services, les entrepreneurs donnent la préférence aux hommes. Pour cela le chômage est plus fréquent parmi les femmes. Nous avons vérifié, au niveau de l'agriculture, que les femmes ont plus de facilité pour créer et développer des organisations de coopération et d'autres genres d'associations similaires, ce qui représente une donnée très intéressante dans les zones où l'agriculture se réalise à temps partiel et l'entreprise agricole est presque toujours inférieure à cinq hectares.

Seul l'homme, pendant les jours plus longs de l'été, travaille à l'agriculture après la sortie de l'usine ou du service. La femme répartit ses occupations domestiques avec les travaux agricoles dans une agriculture basée surtout sur l'horticulture intensive, la fluviculture et la production laitière.

Ms Fatina H.J. HAYAT (Kuwait) (original language Arabic): I would like to thank the Secretariat and the FAO Secretariat for preparing the document we have before us. I would like to take this opportunity to talk about rural development and women's role in the Near East where I come from. Enormous

progress has been made recently with a view to improving the economic and social conditions of women. Progress has been made mainly, in my opinion, thanks to the response given by governments to the United Nations appeal in the course of the United Nations Decade for Women. Progress was also made as a result of FAO's Conference on Agrarian Reform. Apart from the role played by women in producing food and rural development, she also contributes to ensuring food security for the family. There is a growing awareness that there should be equality between men and women so that women can play their role as a social agent and mother fully, dey contribute to food and agricultural production and in other sectors too.

In surveys carried out in the past, we have seen that, for example, in the rural exodus, mothers have been left behind in the country-side when their menfolk went to look for jobs in the towns. The results of surveys such as this show that we have already gone through the preliminary stages. Now we are hearing appeals for integration. It is important, therefore, for us to concentrate upon the support that we can offer rural women and her urban counterparts.

In fact, there are four main subjects that we are concentrating upon now. In the first sphere, it has turned out that women in rural areas do not corpose a homogenous group and therefore it is important to organize women's roles in rural development in different activities. For example, we now have irrigation projects which are being paid for by the Government. We also have irrigation mini-projects in order to develop the growing of various crops. There is no discrimination made between men and women when these projects are proposed.

Women from both rich and poor families are treated alike. There is absolutely no discrimination made between professional families and working-class families. Women's roles must not be studied in the family alone. Her role must be studied insofar as it affects the relationship between rural and urban families, including the different types of kinship. This is done to help us pinpoint our targets better.

The second phenomenon we are studying is done to ensure that the efforts made by women in rural areas are not concentrated solely upon productive activities, because it is there women work more than anywhere else. But we also want to ensure that such factors as child-protection, health and hygiene, are included in these projects. We also want to ensure that these components are fitted in despite the tight budget. This type of development will be useless without a greater increase in resources. Women can play a fully productive role of benefit to her family if given the opportunity. That is why she must be integrated into all agrarian development efforts. In order to do this, women and her problems must be taken into consideration when drawing up plans and programmes. All économie and social obstacles must be removed, even with banks and financing institutions so that women can apply for loans and credit to help them in their production efforts and also market them.

We must also do away with all kinds of discrimination. This kind of discriminationi prevents women from obtaining credit, for example, and other facilities. In the Near East many women are unable fully to enjoy their rights of inheritance. They are deprived of their property by their male kin. Only the boys or the men in a family are allowed to inherit, and they are the ones who take over fixed and other assets. I therefore urge that

women be allowed to take part in decision making, both regionally and nationally, so that they can help to evaluate the programmes and projects which involve them, especially the rural projects, which would then better serve their interests.

when we look at the document before us, I think we have to say that there is a lack of recognition of the role of women in producing food. I think the position and role of women should be recognized everywhere, not just in rural areas. Obviously we must consider women and include them in all developments so that they can enjoy all possibilities and opportunities. There are many bureaucratic obstacles. Women suffer from lack of information, and new obstacles are constantly being put in their way which prevent them having access to higher positions.

We need new initiatives to enable to overcome past social practice. We have already urged that training plans be prepared and workshops and seminars held which will help women to carry out tasks in management and take decisions. Despite the progress that has been made as a result of the Decade for Women, projects and plans which are put into practice in the Near East do not sufficiently emphasize the integration of urban and rural women. We must put this right. I have noticed that women's participation in the planning, evaluation and implementation of plans in the Near East has not been very marked. Nobody has tried to ensure that women play a greater role in that. In fact, women very rarely work as managers in the Near East; they are few and far between indeed. This is due, I am sure, to lack of information and training.

In conclusion, I should like to say that my delegation fully supports the resolution to increase women's participation in all areas.

Sidi Ould ISMAIL (Mauritanie): Merci M. le Président. Au nom de ma délégation, je voudrais manifester à l'endroit du Secrétariat ma satisfaction pour les efforts déployés à la préparation des documents intitulés "Plan d'action pour l'intégration des femmes dans le développement" et "Rapport d'activité sur la mise en oeuvre de ce Plan d'action".

Mon pays, conscient du rôle éminent et irremplaçable que doit jouer la femme dans le développement de la société, a toujours accordé tout l'intérêt requis pour son épanouissement et son intégration dans toutes les activités. C'est à ce titre qu'un département ministériel chargé de la condition féminine a été créé en guise de reconnaissance pour son rôle vital et pour identifier et lever toutes les contraintes au plein exercice de son rôle. Le titulaire de ce poste est également une femme.

Cette initiative, bien que relativement récente, s'est déjà traduite par des résultats concrets qui encouragent à persévérer dans cette voie. Mon pays, qui compte parmi les plus petits pays sur le plan démographique et qui a donc besoin de la participation de toute la population à l'oeuvre de l'édification nationale, est conscient du rôle que doit jouer la femme dans ce contexte, et souscrit pleinement au Plan d'action soumis aujourd'hui à notre examen.

Je me réjouis de constater que le Secrétariat a défini les priorités en se basant sur les recommandations de la 94ème session du Conseil, tout cerane je relève avec satisfaction que les divisions techniques ont inscrit dans leur programme l'intégration effective des femmes par le biais d'activités techniques concrètes.

Il faut espérer que dans le futur de telles initiatives iront en s'améliorant afin que les femmes soient des participants et des bénéficiaires à part entière des programmes et des projets.

Avant de conclure, je voudrais revenir sur les priorités et faire des :remarques sur quelques-unes d'entre elles: au niveau de la formation de personnel, pour le sensibiliser aux connaissances et aux méthodes de travail nécessaires pour réussir l'intégration réelle des femmes, il est recommandé que cette formation soit aussi entreprise pour les responsables nationaux des pays membres directement concernés par la planification ou l'exécution technique des programmes.

Par ailleurs, j'adhère à l'idée de réorienter la formation des agents chargés de la vulgarisation qui sont en définitive le fer de lance pour le transfert des nouvelles technologies. Cette formation doit à mon avis concerner les institutions de formation à tous les niveaux.

Au niveau de l'assistance technique, il est important de créer ou de renforcer dans les pays membres des unités spécialisées dotées de l'expertise technique nécessaire pour promouvoir le rôle des femmes dans le développement.

Enfin, si nous convenons que le temps des petits projets de bien-être social des femmes est révolu, et qu'avec ce Plan d'action nous entrons dans une nouvelle ère, qui je l'espère, contribuera effectivement à aider les femmes des zones rurales, il est donc capital que le Secrétariat soit doté des moyens nécessaires pour la réalisation de ce vaste programme.

Ernesto Pablo DE LA GUARDIA (Argentina) s El tema que nos ocupa tiene gran significación para la República Argentina. Nos unimos a las manifestaciones de aprecio a la Secretaría expresadas por todas las Delegaciones que nos precedieron en el uso de la palabra. Estimamos que la Conferencia debe expresar su complacencia con lo actuado por el Consejo en seguimiento de las resoluciones adoptadas durante su 24O período de sesiones.

En lo que se refiere al trabajo efectuado por la Secretaría de la FAO y a la documentación presentada para este tema del Programa, hacemos nuestra la intervención del señor Representante de Canadá, que apoyamos plenamente. Quisiéramos señalar, sin embargo, a la atención de la Secretaría que la comunicación mencionada en el párrafo 40 del documento C 89/14 no ha sido hecha al Gobierno de mi país.

En relación con el proyecto de resolución que figura en el documento C 89/LIM/37, la Delegación argentina tiene objeción en lo que se refiere al párrafo 3, en su introducción y en su inciso c), los que esperamos que sean modificados en el memento de considerarse su texto.

Raphaël RABE (Madagascar): Je vous remercie, Monsieur le Président. La délégation malgache félicite le Secrétariat pour la qualité du document présenté. Elle note avec satisfaction que, depuis l'approbation du Plan d'action par la 94ème session du Conseil, des dispositions utiles ont été prises, notamment la définition des priorités.

Nous sommes en particulier satisfaits de la sélection des sept priorités sur le plan du programme. Bien qu'elles soient aussi inportantes les unes que les autres, nous voudrions attirer l'attention sur trois d'entre elles qui nous paraissent très importantes pour notre pays.

Tout d'abord, pour mieux forner et sensibiliser les femmes, ainsi que les agriculteurs qui travaillent dans la production agricole et le développement rural dans nos pays, la formation du personnel sur les questions relatives à l'intégration des femmes dans le développement est nécessaire. Sur cet aspect fondamental, dans la mesure où cette intégration nécessite des connaissances, des méthodes et des outils de travail, il faudrait que les experts de terrain et le personnel de bureau de la FAO soient aussi formés, car ils sont bien entendu en contact direct avec nos responsables techniques et politiques.

Ensuite les conseils et assistance technique aux gouvernements membres pour constituer des unités techniques valables, pour promouvoir des programmes et projets pour les femmes, nous semblent d'une grande importance.

Enfin le développement et le suivi de projets de terrain, ici nous sommes particulièrement satisfaits de l'approche à deux volets adoptée par le Plan et confirmée dans le Rapport d'activité. Il faut déployer tous les efforts nécessaires pour que les femmes ne soient pas marginalisées dans les ghettos de petits projets sans envergure. Au contraire, leur rôle dans les grands projets de développement doit être amplifié et soutenu grâce à un accès plus grand à la terre, aux crédits et à tous les facteurs de production, au même titre que les hommes. Il est évident que la mise en oeuvre d'un programme aussi vaste nécessite des moyens à la hauteur des objectifs que nous voulons atteindre. Le Rapport d'activité mentionne l'allocation de budgets supplémentaires pour la mise en oeuvre du plan. Cependant, nous estimons que ce qui est inscrit est insuffisant et doit être augmenté. Nous recommandons donc que l'on en tienne compte, en tous cas lors du prochain biennium.

En outre, les ressources extrabudgétaires devraient être constituées. Nous lançons un appel dans ce sens auprès des donateurs. L'augmentation et le renforcement des ressources huitaines est aussi nécessaire tant dans nos pays que dans les structures de l'Organisation. Nous souscrivons à l'objectif de 30 pour cent de personnel féminin dans le cadre organique à atteindre d'ici 1995, et recommandons un accroissement sensible des candidats provenant des pays du Tiers Monde.

Kiala Kia MATEVA (Angola) : En ce qui concerne les documents C 84/14 et C 89/14-sup.l, je me félicite du travail de qualité que le Secrétariat a réalisé pour présenter à la Conférence des documents riches en informations.

C'est avec une attention particulière que la délégation a parcouru les deux documents qui nous présentent, d'une part, le Rapport d'activité de la FAO sur la mise en oeuvre du Plan d'action pour l'intégration des femmes dans le développement (PAIFD) et, d'autre part, le Plan d'action pour l'intégration dans le développement.

En Angola, l'intégration de la femme dans le développement est pris dans un contexte général pour la reconstruction nationale. Quatre-vingt pour cent de la population vit de l'agriculture et se trouve dans les zones rurales; 60 pour cent de cette population sont des femmes, ceci montre quelle importance la délégation angolaise attache à ce Plan d'action.

L'Organisation de la femme angolaise a organisé son Congrès en 1983. A l'issue de celui-ci, d'importantes décisions ont été prises. Sa matérialisation bien que lente est la tâche non seulement de cette organisation féminine nais aussi de toutes les structures de notre parti et de l'Etat.

Les décisions dont je viens de parler figurent dans le Plan d'action pour l'intégration des faunes dans le développement. Par conséquent, ita délégation, cerane celles qui l'ont précédée, partage les mêmes avis en appuyant le document C 89/13 et C 89/14-sup.l. Elle demande à tous les pays membres de la FAO que les éléments qui y sont repris soient matérialisés. Pour terminer mon intervention, je voudrais attirer l'attention de l'auguste Commission sur le fait qu'il est prévu au début du mois de décembre 1989 l'élection des membres du Conseil qui vont siéger dans le Cernite du prograitme et dans le Cernite financier. S'il est vrai que nous satmes tous en faveur de l'intégration de la femme dans le développement, nos déclarations ne seront pas lettre morte. Je propose aux membres d'appuyer en premier lieu, les candidatures des pays au Conseil, qui vont présenter des femmes. Je vous remercie.

Marco ALANDIA (Bolivia) : En primer lugar, la delegación de Bolivia felicita a la FAO por el documento propuesto del Plan de Acción para la Integración de la Mujer en el Desarrollo. En seguida haré una breve reseña de la situación de la mujer en mi país.

Tradicionalmente, la mujer en Bolivia ha sido considerada como el centro del núcleo familiar. En el sector agrícola, una vez hecha la reforma agraria en 1952, la mujer inició un papel de creciente participación en la sociedad. El Estado, consciente de la necesidad de promocionar a la mujer, dictó una serie de medidas legales que manifiestan su voluntad de incorporarla a diversas esferas de la vida y a la protección de sus derechos. Tal es el caso de los códigos civiles, la legislación sobre familia y menor, la ley general del trabajo y otras disposiciones. Esto ha permitido que la mujer esté mejor integrada a la sociedad, por lo menos teóricamente. Considerando que la población campesina en Bolivia es el 60 por ciento del total, la legislación indicada tiene una gran importancia para nosotros. Sin embargo, estamos conscientes de que aún existe un largo camino por recorrer para la incorporación de la mujer en el proceso de desarrollo.

Por todo lo anterior, la delegación de Bolivia expresa su apoyo al documento del Plan de Acción de la FAO.

Calixte ALAPINI (Bénin): Monsieur le Président, ma délégation prenant la parole pour la première fois au sein de notre Commission, je voudrais tout d'abord vous remercier pour la manière très sage et très remarquable dont vous assurez la conduite de nos travaux. Je voudrais dire surtout la satisfaction de ma délégation pour ce point que vous nous donnez l'occasion d'examiner depuis hier. Je crois que nous avons, au cours de cette conférence, abordé des points et formulé des propositions qui, si elles sont bien exécutées, permettront à notre grande Organisation qu'est la FAO de faire un grand pas en avant.

Ce que ma délégation retire particulièrement de toutes les séances de travail, tant en plénière que dans les cornassions, c'est la volonté manifeste des uns et des autres de rendre la FAO plus forte que jamais. C'est la preuve qu'aucune nation n'a rien à gagner de l'appauvrissement d'une autre.

Pour en venir à ce point précis sur le rôle de la femme dans le développement, je voudrais me permettre de poser quelques questions: quelle place tient-elle dans le développement de notre société et de nos économies d'aujourd'hui? Peut-on vraiment prétendre à l'autosuffisance alimentaire et à

la sécurité alimentaire sans se préoccuper davantage dans la libération de la fenrne? Dans le contexte des pays en développement où le secteur primaire est le secteur dominant, comment la forme contribue-t~elle à la survie de la famille?

Les réponses à toutes ces questions permettent d'affirmer ce que nous savons tous déjà, à savoir que la fenme occupe une place de choix dans le processus de développement. C'est malheureusement la femme qui assure encore les corvées les plus rudes: la collecte de l'eau qui demande de longues heures de mrche, ainsi que la participation à des activités souvent bien peu rémunérées par l'homme.

En République populaire du Bénin, où les fentines occupait 52 pour cent de la papulation totale, on note aujourd'hui beaucoup de groupements de femmes autour des activités telles que la transforation des produits agricoles, la production maraîchère et le petit élevage, la commercialisation des produits agricoles, des produits d'élevage et de pêche. Ces actions méritent d'être soutenues car elles constituent des garanties sûres pour la survie des ménages et pour le développement de notre économie. Certains partenaires du développement soutiennent déjà ces actions à travers des programmes de fonds de développement villageois, et financent ces microprojets.

Il est souhaitable que la FAO joue un rôle de plus en plus prépondérant dans ce cadre. C'est pourquoi l'examen de ce point doit recevoir une attention toute particulière au niveau individuel et collectif de la part de toutes les délégations.

Pour ma part, la délégation béninoise formule le voeu que tous les Etats Membres approuvent le Plan d'action en faveur des femmes tel que proposé avec les programmes y afférents prévus dans les documents C 89/14-sup.l et C 89/14/Rev.1.

Roberto FONCE (Ecuador): Mi delegación desea expresar su apoyo al Plan de Acción para la Integración de la Mujer en el Desarrollo Agrícola y Rural, como xana consecuencia lógica del convencimiento que tiene el Gobierno ecuatoriano sobre el papel fundamental que desempeña la mujer en el proceso de desarrollo del país; no solamente en el sector agrícola y rural, sino dentro de una concepción integral, que presupone la participación activa de todas las fuerzas vivas de una nación en este proceso.

Este convencimiento se traduce en varias acciones tendientes a promover la participación de la mujer en nuevas actividades socioeconómicas y a impulsar una mayor presencia de la misma en aquellos sectores en los cuales ya ha tenido una participación tradicional. Sin embargo, buena parte de estos esfuerzos deben necesariamente dedicarse a progranas orientados a solucionar algunos problemas graves que afectan a buena parte de la población femenina del país. Especial énfasis se ha puesto en los programas de carácter nutricional y educativo para embarazadas y lactantes, de educación especial para obreras, de alfabetización a todo nivel, de cuidados sanitarios en el campo y otros que sería largo enumerar. Sin embargo, mi país está consciente de que éstos son apenas paliativos que no solucionan el problema de fondo, el cual tiene raíces muy profundas, y por ello pensamos que son elementos prioritarios de todo plan dirigido a colocar a la mujer en efectiva paridad de condiciones con el hombre las esferas de lo jurídico y lo social. Sin una estructura jurídica que la respalde, no podrá la mujer ocupar el sitial que le corresponde, y sin que se le brinden iguales oportunidades para educación, trabajo y perfeccionamiento, no podrá desempeñar el importante rol que debe tener dentro del conglomerado social.

Estos son aspectos que, trasladados al escenario del medio rural, se tornan realmente dramáticos. En mi país, el aporte de la mujer campesina, como bien la ha llamado la distinguida Embajadora de Venezuela, es fundamental y prácticamente insustituible. Cuando el hombre de campo emigra a la ciudad en busca de trabajo, quien sostiene la pequeña parcela agrícola es la mujer, quien mantiene los hijos es la mujer, quien sufre los problemas de la falta de estructura sanitaria, de la falta de asistencia social, de la falta de crédito, es la mujer. Evidentemente, este problema de la mujer en el medio rural, de la mujer campesina, es un problema común a casi la totalidad de los países en desarrollo. Por ello, mi delegación aplaude la iniciativa de la FAO de llevar adelante este plan de acción y tiene la esperanza de que la Organización logre traducir en apoyos concretos, en aportes concretos, tanto en el plano financiero como en el técnico, las numerosas manifestaciones favorables realizadas en esta sala, a fin de que este Plan pueda hacerse realidad en un breve tiempo.

S.K. JANNEH (Gambia): Ihank you Mr Chairman. My delegation wishes to place on record its unequivocal and unqualified endorsement and support for the document before us, namely the FAO Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development. In so doing Mr Chairman, I would like to stress the importance my Government attaches to the vital role women play in agricultural production - food production in particular - and rural development. In recognition of this crucial role of women in our socio-economic development, the Government of The Gambia has established a National Women's Bureau and a Women's Council, with the President of the Republic himself holding the portfolio for Women's Affairs.

To accord practical manifestation to the pivotal role of women in national development, my Government has initiated concrete measures to integrate women into those facets of our social and economic life in which they are particularly active, namely in the area of food production and processing, horticulture, handicrafts, health, family welfare, etc.

In pursuit of its development goals and objectives for women, my Government has also recently contracted a sizeable loan with the World Bank to finance a multi-faceted pilot project designed to address the key areas I have just mentioned. The emphasis is on such priorities as training, skills development, credit for agriculture and small-scale industries, livestock production etc.

Mr Chairman, despite this setting up of the national institutions and the elaboration of action plans I have referred to, there are still a number of problems and obstacles on the road to full integration of Gambian women in the development process. There are still a number of social, cultural and religious obstacles which militate against them as equal partners and beneficiaries in socio-economic development.

These developments, obstacles and barriers are of particular relevance to rural women whose contribution to national development and prosperity is crucial, and whose lot so badly needs improvement.

In this context my delegation fully shares the sentiments of the delegate of Venezuela on the plight of rural women throughout the developing world and the dire need to improve the quality of their life consonant with the level of their contribution to development.

To conclude, my Government has taken a modest but significant step towards this topical issue of the integration of women in development. Much remains to be accomplished, but given the level of political will and commiitment, as well as international cooperation and assistance, I am confident that we shall succeed.

Ms Leopoldina DÍAS (Mozambique) : Mr Chai iman, as this is the first time that my delegation has taken the floor in this Commission, I should like to congratulate you on your nomination to chair this distinguished Commission.

I should also like to congratulate the FAO which has brought to this forum the discussion of this important topic, the integration of women in development.

My delegation is particularly impressed with the way in which this subject has been discussed and supported by all member countries, and would like to take the opportunity to thank FAO and all the governments, in particular the Swedish Government for their special financial support to make effective this Plan of Action.

My Government fully supports the Plan of Action and requests special attention to my country as concerns the subject. For that purpose, we are inviting an FAO consultancy to help the Government design projects not only for women but where they can participate at the same level, considering their present problems and the difficulties of integration.

From the legal point of view there is no difference between men and women in my country in terms of salary or of participation in development in general at a very high level. We have a good example of this in the Ministry of Agriculture where I am. There are a considerable number of women participating and occupying very important positions at the Ministry, but in rural areas women do not have the same opportunities. They are the ones who produce the food for their families, do all the housework, including searching for firewood and water. They have no facilities to alleviate their jobs and tasks.

Apart from other measures which can be taken by any member country to help women in development, my delegation is of the opinion that FAO can contribute and strengthen its efforts in transferring technology to women in agriculture in order to increase yields and productivity. On the other hand, FAO can also play an important role in education programmes.

Speaking as a woman, I want to assure you that we are very strong. If we can change present attitudes in relation to women in development there is no doubt that the goals which countries and humanity in general are expecting to achieve will be multiplied, and it will be possible to reduce poverty and food security problems in our poor countries.

Concerning the integration of women in the vacant posts of FAO, we support this intention, but in order to achieve this goal the FAO has to review the procedures and conditions regarding transfer to other countries. It is not easy to leave the family and children in order to work in Reme or in other countries for seme years, so my delegation suggests that FAO also consider that issue.

Sra. María Eulalia JIMENEZ (El Salvador): Disculpe por haberle pedido la palabra a esas alturas de nuestros debates. Sin embargo, el hecho de que intervengamos después de haber escuchado más de 70 delegaciones, lo cual nos demuestra la importancia de este tema, nos va a permitir ser sumamente breves.

La delegación de El Salvador desea ratificar en esta Conferencia el Plan de Acción para la Integración de la Mujer al Desarrollo, aprobado por el Consejo de la FAO en su 94o período de sesiones en noviembre de 1988.

Considera mi delegación que la aprobación de este Plan es un paso muy importante en el camino hacia una verdadera integración de la mujer en el desarrollo de nuestros pueblos. Este Plan nos llevará a establecer las herramientas adecuadas para lograr la integración de la mujer rural en la vida económica de nuestros países, que es el fin primordial que nunca debemos olvidar.

El informe que se nos presenta en esta oportunidad sobre los avances logrados hasta el memento en la aplicación del Plan, nos parece adecuado. Sin embargo, creemos que debemos hacer todavía más esfuerzos, y sobre todo, como ya lo dijo nuestra delegación en la Comisión II cuando debatimos el Programa de Labores y Presupuesto, estimamos fundamental contar con una asignación dentro del Programa Ordinario, que garantice junto con recursos extrapresupuestarios la efectiva aplicación del Plan.

Hay que recordar que el Plan de Acción es de mediano plazo, es decir, que abarca tres bienios. Por ello, consideramos fundamental contar con los recursos en form bastante segura. No nos gustaría ver disminuir el ritmo de acción de la aplicación del Plan. Aprovecho para agradecer a esta Organización la asistencia que se nos está proporcionando en este campo a través del proyecto; Incorporación de la Mujer Campesina al Desarrollo de Pequeños Proyectos Productivos.

Con relación al Proyecto de Resolución presentado por la delegada de Costa Rica y sometido a nuestra atención en el documento 89/LIM/37, la delegación de El Salvador lo apoya con reservas en el numeral 3 de la misma.

Para concluir, deseamos apoyar la declaración hecha en esta sala por la delegada de Honduras, en el sentido que no debemos entender por integración el dar una mayor carga de trabajo a la mujer.

A. Alim EADZI (Indonesia): Indonesian womenplay a pivotal role in the development and production of food and agriculture. To be in line with the Plan's objective, where women are accorded equal rights and opportunities, women's participation in development strategies and programmes, as well as in incentive programmes and projects in the field of food and agriculture, need to be designed in a manner that will fully integrate women at all levels of planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and in all stages of the development process, to ensure that women receive proper benefit and remuneration conmensúrate with their important contribution in this field. Moreover, women should be fully integrated and involved in the technological research and energy aspects of food and agricultural development.

In the civil status sphere, gender-related analysis appears to be the most suitable approach for a pluralistic community like Indonesia. It is therefore suggested that this analysis should be taken into consideration in any approach and methodology of community study.

In the economic sphere, enhancing vanen's role in agriculture and the rural economy by developing the capabilities of farm women to organize themselves in business activities through training at all levels, and their ability to adapt to the transformation from a subsistence farm into a market oriented enterprise.

In the social sphere, research on women should be carried out to include identification of the problems and constraints faced by women, whether in their position as a social element or as participants in the processes of production and consumption, including nutritional considerations and the socialization of children. Extension programmes should be improved and should take into consideration the needs of vanen.

In the decision-making sphere, the Plan should also envisage a study which will emphasize the inter-relationship between government and private institutions or non-government organizations dealing with women in every level of society.

CHAIRMAN: We have now reached the conclusion of our debate. Vìe had 65 speakers, of which 19 were women, so we nearly reached the 30 percent proportion that we expect from FAO concerning women's participation in our work.

This has been a very interesting and important debate, and before I give the floor to the Secretariat to answer various questions from the floor, I shall hear observers from 5 international organizations.

The debate on this issue took much longer than expected, so we would like to have their understanding to limit their statements to a brief comment on our work and the work of their organizations on this subject.

The delegations of Egypt and Ghana have asked that their statements be included in our verbatim record. If I see no objection it will be done.

Adel Helmy EL SARKI (Egypt) (original language Arabic) : The Egyptian delegation, after considering document C 89/14-Supplement 1, dealing with the FAO Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development, would like to thank the Secretariat for the good preparation of this document. The Egyptian delegation agrees with the meaning of paragrah 4 of this document that the FAO Plan of Action is an adaptation and amplification of the objectives and strategies in FAO's specific areas, and would like to express its satisfaction on the strategy framework of this Plan, with special reference to FAO actions in the following fields, "Economic sphere, Food Processing and Marketing, Employment, and the Social sphere".

Egypt believes deeply that womenplay an effective and vital role in achieving economic and social development. Therefore my country is doing its best in providing and making available all means to enable women to implement their role in serving the community, especially in the agricultural one.

Women in Egypt enjoy all rights in respect to land tenure, obtaining loans, membership of cooperatives. The Government also provides women with social services. We are looking for a mutual cooperation with FAO within the framework of this Plan in order to increase efficiency in producing food and increasing agricultural production.

In my country women fill some high-ranking posts in the Government.

The Egyptian delegation thanks FAO for this Plan, and hopes that the necessary funds to complement it will be made available. 1/

Joseph Turkson (Ghana): Like the preceding speakers, permit me to express my sincere thanks for allowing my delegation to put across its view on this very important topic: Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Agricultural and Rural Development.

Ghanaian women play a vital role in the country's economy particularly in its agricultural sector. The handicaps and constraints they face in their livelihoods are similar to those faced by many of Africa's rural women. They constitute 51 percent of Ghana's total population and also 51 percent of the country's work force. Ghanaian women are a major force in agriculture and farming is their main occupation in the rural areas. In Ghana women are also an ever-growing proportion of the modern labour force though usually they hold lew-, middle-level and service-oriented jobs. In spite of their contributions as both economic agents and as keepers of the family, Ghanaian women after find themselves in a disadvantaged position in terms of the overall benefits of national development and to national services such as education, agricultural extension and credit.

Mr Chairman, it is worth noting that it is the commitment of the Government of Ghana to ensure Ghanaian women full participation in development and equal share in the benefits accruing from overall public investment efforts. Thus efforts are underway at the national and local levels to incorporate women into all mainstream activities.

Many specific agencies and projects for women exist in Ghana both at national and local levels. These, Mr Chai men, focus on women's problems and in particular on the problems of rural women.

Mr Chairman, to name these agencies:

1. The National Council on Women and Development (NCWD) - a statutory body set up by the government to advise on all natters relating to the full integration of women in national development at all levels. Its main task is coordination.

2. The 31st December Women Movement - an activist movement in the current revolutionary process with the aim of mobilizing and organizing the women of Ghana into a concrete form to advance and to defend the interests of women in all spheres of political, economic and social life. One of the objectives stressed is the engagement of women in productive activities which raise their standard of living to eliminate their reliance on men.

3. The Women Farmers' Extension Division - a wing of the Ministry of Agriculture which has the responsibility of ensuring that women farmers have full access to technology and extension services to enable them to improve their productivity. The main focus of their group is nutrition in relation to food production and diet improvement, food utilization, food processing, produce preservation and storage, and farm and home resources management.

The delegation of Ghana has taken note of the Director-General's increased allocation of resources to the programme of integrating women into agricultural and development and wholeheartedly supports it. Indeed this action complements our attempts in Ghana to integrate women into the economic, social and decision-making spheres through continuing governmental support.

Mr Chairman, my delegation wants to be brief; it therefore ends its intervention by endorsing without any reservation the resolution on the Plan of Action for the Integration of Women into Agricultural and Rural Development. 2/

Bashir S. MUNTASSER (UNFPA) : It is a pleasure for me to attend the meeting of this Commission during the discussion of Item 11, the Integration of Women in Agricultural and Rural Development, on behalf of UNFPA. The issue we are discussing is very near to our hearts in UNFPA and it is not by chance that UNFPA is the first United Nations organization to be headed by a woman, and that the percentage of women in UNFPA Professional staff is about 40 this year. This is, in fact reflecting the importance UNFPA and the international community are giving to the issue of women.

1 would like to draw the Commission's attention to the crucial issues of women's role and participation in population and development activities. Because of the importance of these issues for all aspects of development, including population, UNFPA has devoted its 1989 State of World Population Report to the theme of "Investing in Women".

The UNFPA report argues that the extent to which women are free to make decisions affecting their lives may be the key to the future well-being of humankind. As mothers, as producers or suppliers of food, fuel and water, as traders, as manufacturers and as political and community leaders women are at the centre of the process of change. The report makes a number of specific reccommendations and suggests specific goals for the year 2000. One of the most important areas the report addresses is the education of women because of its impact on fertility and the quality of life of the family as a whole.

UNFPA has provided assistance to programmes and projects in more than 140 countries intended to bring about the meaningful involvement of local communities in raterial child health and family planning activities and special programmes for women.

Women were trained in income generation skills and provided with education on counselling services in health, family planning, nutrition and sanitation. Emphasis is given to developing programmes which can be conducted in the villages. These encourage the maximum participation of those women who are generally too busy to attend centre-based activities. Women's greater participation in these activities will help in redefining the role of women within the family, inprove the quality of life, increase rural employment and reduce high birth rates and infant mortality.

UNFPA supported FAO's inter-regional programmes which provided technical advice and support for regional and country population projects, for including population in regular projects implemented by FAO, and for including rural education, communicatian, training and women's concerns. To ensure that women's concerns are taken into account all UNFPA projects are to be appraised against a checklist before approval to ensure that women

participate in the planning, formulation and implementation of these projects, that women are benefitting from these projects, and that their concerns are taken care of.

I will finish by saying that UNFPA has given great importance to its collaboration with FAO since its inception and will continue its collaboration with FAO in implementing and supporting population programmes in rural development and information and education activities and in the implementation of FAO's Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development.

Idris NUR (Observer for the Organization of African Unity) : My delegation appreciates the work of FAO as reflected in C 89/14 and its supplement. We also appreciate the initiative taken by FAO for the implementation of the Plan at the level of its Secretariat. My delegation has the following points to make.

First, when someone talks about a Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development, one starts thinking about its implemention in countries that have the same capabilities, the same legal authority, the sane level of development, and the same living conditions. In reality the situation is not so. Different countries are at different stages of development; different countries have different resources, different administrative structures; and the national strategy with respect to women differs from one country to another. Also, different countries follow different religions, have different cultures, traditions and legal authorities with respect to women. Thus this document and the reference should not be entitled "FAO Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development"; instead it should be called "Guidelines for a Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development". It could also be called a format or a manual for a plan of action.

There is no standard plan of action for integrating women in development. All possible formats of such a plan must contain certain elements that can make it more effective. Moreover, it is not appropriate to recommend a rigid plan for all countries, since each country has its own peculiarities.

Second, the guidelines for the Plan of Action are multi-sectoral and inter-disciplinary, and, therefore, require the involvement of several organizations at the same time, to be coordinated by FAO.

Third, in the guidelines for the Plan of Action we suggest the inclusion of a section entitled "Follow-up, implementation and monitoring". This could include the following points. Member countries should set up specific annual goals with respect to women in development. Member countries should reappraise the ongoing projects and programmes related to women with a view to ensuring that they contribute to the realization of the objectives contained in the guidelines in the Plan of Action. Monitoring at regional level should be an inter-agency exercise involving all relevant organizations.

Fourth, what is the basic role of women, and what are the problems that women face in rural areas? If the human race is to continue, women have to continue their important role as mothers. The question of women in development is not an issue of controversy. The integration of women in production is a false issue as women have already been integrated in the production and development processes. They grow, process, market, store and prepare food. The role of women was recognized many years ago by different countries, and quite a number of women occupy leading posts in their respective countries and in different international and regional organizations.

Thus, with respect to women in development we have to look at the whole issue as a package, in totality and not in isolation. We have to look at the issue globally. Women's role in development needs to be considered as an important productivity issue which should become an integral part of the planning process. The contribution of women in agriculture has to receive policy recognition. Policy makers have to be sensitized on the issue.

The problems of women in rural areas, especially in Africa, include: illiteracy; scarcity of water in rural areas; firewood collection; presence of small children, which inhibits women's labour availability and mobility; limited access to credit, land and agricultural inputs; marketing.

Fifth, women and men are complementary to each other. Women's problems do not need to be solved by women; men have to be equally associated with women's problems. There are certain tasks reserved for men and there are certain tasks reserved for women. Absence of males or migration of males raises the percentage of households headed by women. In Africa it is 22 percent, Near East 16 percent and Latin America 15 percent.

Sixth, representation by women is minimal, even in this room. The participation of women must come through the process of awareness, assessment and action.

Seventh, there is need for investigation of this situation artiere male extension workers are expected to advise the women farmers in Africa. Women farmers occupy a dominant role in Africa's agricultural development. This problem could be approached by re-designing the extension training course so that the extension workers are motivated and sensitized to women-felt needs and also by training more women extension workers.

Eighth, we should not run away from religions. Some of the religions spell out certain issues with respect to women.

Gerard KIELY (EEC): On behalf of the European community, I should like to congratulate the FAO on its Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development. After the UN Decade for Women and the Nairobi Forward Looking Strategies, we all agree that there is no longer a need for justifying women in development as a component in any development process. The time has come to develop methodologies that will assist the implementation of women in development. In this process the FAO, too, has an important role to play as it can provide guidance to governments that may enable them to introduce equitable institutional mechanisms, which will govern and facilitate women's access to resources.

In the international community, it is generally acknowledged that an effort must be made to gather gender-disaggregated data, and the Community welcomes the fact that the FAO will set up a global data base on women in development and that the 1990 Round of World Agriculture Census will contain a full analysis of the data by gender. In our view, this will definitely be a useful support instrument for everybody concerned with implementing women in development.

This concern has been expressed by the Council of the European Communities on several occasions, specifically in its inclusion of May this year. I would like to use this opportunity to give you a brief summary of the Community policy on women in development and to touch upon some of the progress made.

Firstly, the Community intends to take systematic account of women's role in all its development programmes. Women are seen not only as beneficiaries of development programmes but as active agents, and their participation must be sought on equal terms with men. This policy will also be further developed in the new Lome Convention which is currently being negotiated with the group of African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Even though the negotiation of the Convention is not yet finalized, it was a joint African, Caribbean and Pacific/European Community wish from the start that the issue of women in development should be reflected in all chapters of the Convention concerning rural development. As regards other women-in-development-related actions of the European Community, I would like to refer to the evaluation of ten mainstream European Development Fund-financed rural development projects which was launched in 1988. This evaluation, which covers the sectors of agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, and drinking water supply, is currently going into its final phase in which a synthesis report with recommendations will be drawn up. Our intention is to follow this up with sectoral guidelines on vanen in development, as well as to improve project procedures.

Another initiative I should like to mention, is the launching of country profiles which describe women's social, cultural and economic roles in a given country. There has been great interest expressed by the ACP countries, as well as by our delegations in getting such profiles that may assist the national administration, NGOs and the Commission Delegations in identifying areas of concern for women in that specific country.

Let me conclude by reiterating that women's economic roles, whether in agriculture, industry or whatever, are fundamental to the development of all societies. The European Community welcomes this FAO plan of action for the integration of women and appreciates the role the FAO is prepared to play in the development of opportunities for women within the area of its mandate.

Giuseppe VASTA (Observateur del'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques): M. le Président, je vous remercie de me donner la parole et je vous félicite pour votre magnifique façon de conduire les travaux. Je remercie et je félicite aussi M. Dutia pour sa brillante introduction à ces documents si riches et complets. Le Plan d'action pour l'intégration des femmes pour le développement est justement encadré dans un contexte très large car la femme a les mêmes droits que l'homme.

Son rôle est essentiel tant au niveau de la famille qu'à celui de la société. Sans doute pour l'explication de certaines activités, une relative formation est nécessaire, mais celle-ci est indispensable aussi pour l'homme. Entre autres, je voudrais souligner l'importance de la femme dans le secteur de l'alimentation et de la nutrition. A cet égard, nous pouvons affirmer que la bonne santé d'une famille dépend surtout de la femme, de son intelligence, de son sens de l'économie, de ses connaissances en matière d'alimentation, des normes diététiques, de son intuition, de sa gaieté et de sa bonne humeur, car il est scientifiquement confirmé que la joie de vivre aide l'organisme à créer des anticorps.

En ce qui concerne les discriminations qui existent encore, celles-ci sont souvent de véritables injustices qu'il faut éliminer. La femme mérite tout respect, toute aide, toute compréhension de la part la communauté. Elle est patiente et résistante, elle travaille et sait souffrir jusqu'à aller souvent au-delà du seuil de résistance plus que l'homme. Son rôle est essentiel, sans elle la vie serait impossible.

En général, elle est l'administratrice scrupuleuse et fidèle de la maison.

En ce qui concerne en particulier le droit au crédit, je pense qu'en général la femme assure toute garantie nécessaire, on peut lui faire confiance. Pour la même raison, il faut lui donner la possibilité d'agir dans le secteur des coopératives et dans les associations et groupements de paysans. La femme, carme il a été répété, représente un véhicule précieux dans l'éducation des enfants, sa douceur et sa grâce sont irremplaçables. Ses droits sont les mêmes que ceux de l'homme, et là où elle a pu les exercer, elle a donné la confirmation de ses brillantes capacités. Que le monde rende donc justice à cette merveille de la création.

Mrs Barbara COLEMAN-SANTQRO (Observer for the World Union of Catholic Women's Organizations): Thank you for giving the World Women's Organization the fial say, last but not least. I am speaking today for the World Union of Catholic Women's Organization, the International Alliance of Women, the Association of Countrywomen of the World, and the International Council of Women, and we are seeking to endorse the FAO Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Development. We compliment the FAO on the high quality of documents C 89/14 and C 89/14-Sup.1, and would like to thank Mr Dutia for his fine introduction. We congratulate Dr Anita Spring and her very capable department for the excellence of their work and cooperation.

Together we four women INGOs represent over 70 million women in as many as 75 countries in the world. Certainly, if all the words and good intentions had been translated into reality, we would not have any comment to make today.

Simply stated, when women are not considered or involved, there is no development, rural or otherwise. The majority of inhabitants in most countries around the world are women. The very document that the delegates are discussing affirm that women's dignity as human beings must be the basis of their integration into socio-economic development and inter-rural progress. The United Nations have always pointed the way towards equality of rights and opportunities for women. Many of our INGO projects are based on the Nairobi Declaration, yet many Member Countries have not been able to follow the UN beacon. The delegates tell us of Government Agencies, bureaux, five-year plans - just for women. Yet women are denied access to credit, training, education and technology. Their basic rights are often determined by their relationship to a man, be they single, married or a widow. What about inherited rights? What rights do widows have to rural development when they are stripped of all they have and totally ostracized by social mores and practices in some countries just for the fact that the husband has died.

We urge all members to support the FAO Plan of Action for Integration of Women in Development and accord it top priority morally and financially. We urge those nations who so need to seek FAO expertise in setting priorities and plans of action that are result-oriented. The staff of FAO is undergoing a two-year training period so they may understand the concerns of women in agriculture. No tetter expertise could be offered to all civil servants and government workers who deal with rural development. Perhaps these workers could collaborate with FAO by taking up individual case studies to correlate to the technical department report to the Conference of 1991 to understand the actual extent how women have benefited in FAO projects and what factors have helped or constrained the success of these projects.

Training for women is essential. Yet it is the men who must be trained to change. They must be trained to change their attitudes and their hearts. Ml delegates, please rest assured that if women are given the correct economic, civil and social rewards, they can even build roads, if they so desire.

B.P. DUTIA (Assistant Dirertor-Genecal, Economic and Social Policy Department): In the first instance, on behalf of the Secretariat, I would like to express our gratification for the widespread appreciation for the documents which we have presented as well as for the efforts that the Organization has made and is making in order to implement the Plan of Action. We have benefitted considerably frail the rich and full debate that has taken place since yesterday on this very important item. We appreciate many useful citations that have been made as well as the observations made and considerable information that the delegates have given on the action that their governments are taking in implementing the plan. We shall indeed take all these issues into account in our future work.

In view of the limited time, it is not possible for the Secretariat to respond adequately to all the questions that have been raised, but we will try as much as possible. First of all, I Woulc like to refer to the question raised by the distinguished delegate of the United States concerning the ranking of priorities other than the priority related to the training of FAO staff. In this connection, I would like to stress that in our view in order to implement the plan and to achieve the objectives, it is necessary to implement all the other priorities, their implementation is important, and this needs to be pursued.

It should also be recognized that these priorities are interlinked and progress on one is very much dependent on progress on the other.

For example, for rendering policy advice or to formulate projects, availability of relevant data, which would permit gender analysis as a pre-condition.

Similarly, policy advice to Member Governments often requires formulation and implementation of projects. In actual practice, we should also bear in mind that the relative importance of different priorities would vary considerably from country to country, depending on the specific characteristics and the requirements and the problems that need to be addressed.

Thus, while sequencing of action in pursuance of these priorities would obviously vary from country to country, it is difficult, if not impossible, to rank them in any unique manner at the global level.

I would now like to turn to the observation made by the distinguished delegate of the United Kingdom. He felt that the FAO Plan tried to cover too much ground and in doing so it impinged on the activities of some other agencies. The FAO Plan of Action has been designed following the recommendations of the Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women with particular reference to the food and agricultural sector.

Hie broad approach of the Nairobi Plan recommendations, as well as the emphasis given to the establishment of multi-sectoral programmes, necessitate that the FAO Plan of Action for the Integration of Women in Agricultural and Rural Development should be broad based. Further, both the Nairobi Plan and the FAO Plan give high priority to inter-agency collaboration. FAO's collaboration with other agencies in the UN system in this field is briefly reported in paragraphs 65 to 72 of document C 89/14.

Regarding population education, to which the delegate of the United Kingdom specifically referred, I should like to point out that this is fully integrated in many FAO activities, and in particular in the programme for women. In this whole area we are closely collaborating with the United Nations Population Fund, and the Observer from that organization also referred briefly to the state of collaboration between that organization and FAO.

I should new like to turn to the request of the delegate of Canada for the monitoring of the increase in the forale staff of FAO. This information is kept up to date by the Organization and it would not be at all difficult to report in our future documents on the progress made in this field. I should also like to mention, in response to the questions raised by some other delegations as to how we have fared in the past few years in this particular area, that at FAO Headquarters the representation of women professionals in 1983 was 15.5 percent, which has new increased to 17.7 percent in 1989, as of 30th September of this year. Of course, if one were to look at the representation of women professionals at all locations - that is, including the posts in the field - the percentage goes down. The percentage is still shewing seme increase from 1983 to 1989, from 8.9 percent to 10.2 percent. The reason for this is that the expertise which is required by FAO for the field posts in the specialized fields is not readily available. These posts are also hardship postings, for which it is of tei difficult to find women candidates.

I would also refer to the other question raised by the delegate of Canada as to hew the Secretariat intended to follcw up on the institution-wide approach on women-in-development concerns. Here our approach has several components. First is the training of FAO staff which will increase the awareness of women-in-development issues throughout the house and should lead to the inclusion of women's concerns and interests in project formulation and implementation. Second, on the Interdepartmental Working Group on WID, technical divisions and departments are represented from all over the Organization and many of these have appointed focal points on WID. These mechanisms would strengthen the Organization-wide approach. Third, the committeees of the Organization, such as the Committee on Agriculture, the Committee on Commodity Problems, the Committee on Forestry, etc., have included, or will include, in their agendas the consideration of women's issues in their respective technical fields. Lastly, the Organization also plans to generate gender-disaggregated data both in the short term and in the medium term. This will progressively permit incorporation of results of gender analysis in various document and reports which the Organization will prepare in the future.

Many delegations have referred to the question of resources for the implementation of the Plan. As the document clearly states, so far as the 1990-91 biennium is concerned, provision has been nade - of course, subject to the approval of the Programme of Work and Budget by this Conference - for seme US$ 2.7 million of Regular Programme resources, together with an estimated need of seme US$ 780 000 of extra-budgetaiy resources. It is clear from this that, subject to the approval of the budget, the Regular Programme resources proposed for the implementation of the Plan would form the major share of the resources needed to implement it in the next biennium. Over the subsequent two biennia, the Regular Programme resources availability will depend on the Programmes of Work and Budget that will be approved by the Conference in the future. As such, these cannot be anticipated at this stage in any definitive manner. However, if the proposed 1990-91 resource situation were to prevail - and we very much hope that it

will - the Regular Programme resources will again provide the major part of the resources that are needed for the implementation of the Plan. Nonetheless, the extra-budgetary resources will be needed to contribute to the fuller implementation of this Plan. Of course, all this assumes that nomai conditions will prevail with regard to both budget appropriations and contributions.

Rafael MORENO (Subdirector General y Representante Regional para América Latina y el Carite) : En primer lugar quisiera referirme a dos aspectos que han sido expuestos por las delegaciones durante el curso de este débate: las relaciones de la FAO con otras organizaciones del Sistema de Naciones Unidas en el campo de acción de la integración de la mujer, y los aspectos que tienen que ver con el rol de las organizaciones no gubernamentales, y la forma en que éstas están previstas en la implamentación del Plan de Acción que aquí se ha estado discutiendo.

En primer término, quisiera informar y reiterar que la FAO viene ejerciendo desde hace prácticamente diez años el liderazgo en el Grupo de Acción del Cernite Administrativo y de Coordinación en materia de Desarrollo Rural en el seno de las Naciones Unidas. Y este liderazgo, que ha sido claramente aceptado y reconocido por todo el Sistema, en el cual hoy participan más de 27 agencias del Sistema de Naciones Unidas, creó específicamente un grupo de trabajo, el cual originariamente, bajo la denominación de la Participación Popular, posteriormente se subdividió y creó un mecanismo para discutir todos los aspectos relacionados con el trabajo interagencial en materia de la integración de la mujer.

La FAO no escatimó esfuerzos -y lo reitero ante esta Comisión- no ha escatimado esfuerzos incluso en la época en la cual hemos contado con recursos extraordinariamente reducidos, recursos humanos, en el servicio de integración de la mujer, así como también en las divisiones que se ocupan en materia de desarrollo rural para estar presentes, apoyar y participar en todas las actividades que el Sistema internacional de las Naciones Unidas ha venido promoviendo en el campo de la integración de la mujer.

En reconocimiento de estos esfuerzos realizados por la FAO, se reiteró a nuestra Organización el liderazgo en lo que son las acciones en materia de la integración de la mujer rural.

Por lo tanto, todas las actividades que en este memento se están realizando en materia de acción en el campo rural, están orientadas bajo lo que es este Plan de Acción que ha sido conocido y discutido con otras agencias del Sistema de Naciones Unidas y esperamos que en el futuro la FAO pueda seguir evidenciando las actividades que hasta este memento la han distinguido en esta materia.

El segundo punto, es un aspecto que ha sido específicamente presentado por la distinguida delegación de Holanda la cual, como ha sido reconocido tanto en los documentos de la FAO como en el curso de este débate, se ha caracterizado por su disponibilidad y generosidad para apoyar, tanto el Plan de Acción de la Mujer, como el Plan de Participación Popular. Son dos programas que, si bien es cierto se itane jan por dos servicios distintos dentro de la Dirección de Recursos Húrtanos, instituciones de Reforna Agraria, como bien lo ha señalado la Delegación holandesa, deben en algún momento buscar un grado de complementariedad. Y esto es lo que en estos instantes está precisamente realizándose en la fase en que nos encontramos.

Esta Conferencia ha conocido el informe sobre lo que son los avances del Plan de Acción de Integración de la Mujer, el cual fue aprobado por el Consejo, en junio pasado, y de acuerdo con el riandato recibido viene a esta Conferencia. En el mismo Consejo, ya sea por iniciativa de la delegación de Holanda, cano por otras delegaciones que se sumaron a dicha proposición, se le sugirió a la FAO, recogiendo lo que habí a sido la discusión del Comité de Agricultura de marzo del presente año, el que iniciase la fase preparatoria para formular lo que pudiera ser un Plan de Acción en materia de participación popular. No se le pidió a la FAO que se presentase en esta Conferencia. En el Informe del Consejo de la 95o sesión que se celebró en junio del presente año, en el párrafo 157, queda establecido: que la FAO presentará al Consejo y a la Conferencia en su oportunidad un prograna de acción en materia de participación popular.

Digo esto porque creo que lo manifestado por la distinguida delegación de Holanda de expresar su desaliento al no haber visto en esta Conferencia la presentación de este Plan, obviamente la FAO no está en condiciones de hacerlo, y además no le correspondía de acuerdo con la agenda. Lo que sí quiero decir, a nombre de la Secretaría, es que la Organización está trabajando en la preparación de este Plan el cual de acuerdo con lo que ha sido establecido, será presentado en el próximo Consejo y en la próxima Conferencia, Conferencia que en el año 1991, cuando corresponde presentar el tercer informe del proceso de las actividades del Plan de Acción aprobado para la Conferencia Mundial de Reforma Agraria y de Desarrollo Rural, en dicho Plan se establecerá un capítulo especial que bajo la denominación de los avances logrados en materia de participación popular, incorporará lo que aquí se ha planteado: cual es la relación entre dicho Plan y lo que es la ejecución del Plan de Acción en materia de la mujer rural. No hay duda de que aquí hay un punto legítimamente colocado por la Delegación de Holanda, y otras delegaciones en la cual no se puede disociar lo que se hará en el Plan de Integración de la Mujer con aquel plan que será presentado y ejecutado para la incorporación de las organizaciones populares en la cual los organismos no gubernamentales jugarán un rol determinante.

Ms Anita SPRING (Chief, Women in Agricultural Production and Rural Development Servie) : I should like to thank the Chairman for his patience on this topic and the delegates who have given such hearty support both to the Plan of Action and to the Progress Report. I will answer questions on extension workers, which were raised by several delegations, on statistics and database within the Organization and on the training programme.

The question which was asked by the delegate from Tanzania and supported by other African countries on how to cope with the loss of women extension workers in the rural areas is also a concern to the FAO. It is a true situation that some women in the extension staff leave the service to return to urban areas or to seek work elseràiere. Examination of worldwide figures on the numbers and percentage of female extension staff has shewn that their numbers are usually much lower than those of men and that their prorations are usually much fewer. In Africa only about 5 percent to 10 percent of the extension workers are women; in Asia it is higher, being 20 percent to 45 percent; while in Latin America and the Caribbean the figures are intermediate. Most of these women are concentrated in home economics positions, although some of them have been trained in agriculture.

In order to prevent the widespread migration of these trained women personnel from the extension service and from the rural areas, it is necessary to make changes in their conditions of work and to make these conditions of work more

attractive and to motivate these women through a clear career structure. To improve the conditions for these women in the short run, transportation from urban to rural areas and within the rural areas themselves needs to be improved. In addition, they need housing and medical facilities. They will also be motivated if they know that they can deliver mainstream services to rural women, a point which many delegations raised, these services being credit, agricultural inputs and new technologies.

In addition, new strategies to recruit and train these workers must be made, and this is part of the priority which we have on the assistance in the design of home economics and agricultural training programmes.

In some countries it has been possible for male extension workers to form a large proportion of the extension staff to work with both itale and female farmers, often working with women in groups. They can thereby deliver to them the regular agricultural services and they can assist the women extension agent's work with rural women, a topic also of concern to many of those delegations here today.

Turning to the second question. To answer the question Which the United States' delegate raised recording the current state of gender data collection and hew these issues will be addressed by the FAO in the coming biennium, I may briefly say the following: of course FAO is very much aware of the gaps, both qualitative and quantitative in available data on gender matters. In pursuance to Council Resolution 1/94, these issues have been very, very carefully considered and a paper that addresses three issues has been prepared. These issues are first:- intermediate steps to be undertaken by the FAO and other organizations of the UN system to improve the presentation of the data that already exists. Second, data collection measures to obtain from the national systems whatever is available to improve the quality and quantity of data; and third, longer-term measures including the development of the series of statistical indicators on women and agriculture, and the routine disaggregation of data by sex as aimed at improving the capacity of national systems to deal with these issues. FAO is taking the initiative to convene an inter-agency consultation in Rome next year in 1990 to cover the aspects that I have briefly mentioned.

The question of non-market production such as women's work in household farming, in the household, and as investment in human capital is still unaccounted for in the system of national accounts. That is true.

This fact has been underlined in the Plan of Action, in particular under the heading of the social sphere and in the economic sphere, and in relation to the subject of orienting farming systems' development and its application to inter-household dynamics and the division of labour.

The methodology to consider these important topics will be further developed as the data base for the Organization is conceived and developed.

Turning to the question that was asked by the distinguished delegate of The Netherlands on the training programme, let me say that I wDuld like to explain the funding set aside for this training programme. Because of the crucial importance of staff training, FAO is devoting one-fifth of the Regular Programme Budget of my service, ESHW, to training activities for the biennium 1990/91. The training programme will be implemented in three phases as outlined in the Progress Report, namely the preparatory phase, the design of materials and course contents, and the implementation of the actual

training. This year, 1989, phase 1 and part of phase 2 ware completed for a total expenditure of US$ 279 000. In addition to this, basic equipment for the training is being acquired with additional funds from the Division, so we are talking about more than the US$ 572 000 that are listed for the next biennium. Those funds have been nainly allocated to the implementation phase and will be used to train staff and to hire trainers. We will train 800 staff members at headquarters, and FAO representatives and programme officers. There are about 325 of these people in the regional offices and country programme offices. On the model of the experiences gained by the various organizations, such as UNDP, Swedish SIDA, Canadian CIDA, British ODA and US AID the training sessions on women in development will last approximately one and a half days, although some of the sessions may vary slightly for different audiences, in particular the training of trainers for the training of resource persons.

To carry out the training activities we will use these US$ 572 000 in addition to institutionalize the training by hiring trainers who will be based at FAO headquarters. It has been determined that two trainers are necessary for each course, and this is consistent with various international and bilateral experiences. I am pleased to mention that subject to the will of this Conference, a new post for a trainer will be created and in addition this trainer will be assisted by a long-term training consultant based here at headquarters. Temporary assistance will be needed before each regional office in order to adapt the training content and materials to the region's specific needs, and consultants will be hired for that endeavour. The sum of US$ 572 000 will also fund these additional personnel.

By having the trainers in residence at FAO, they can institutionalize the training and develop different training methods and materials for the various categories of FAO staff such as senior and managerial staff, technical officers, field and operations officers and personnel officers.

As regards progress to date, in the first phase FAO has secured the assistance of several consultants and training institutions to design our training programme and methods. Moreover, we have carried out a general review of worldwide experiences on women in development training. I am glad to inform the delegates that the Government of The Netherlands was very-active in participating in the definition of the training strategy, using the experiences of various training institutions, and negotiations are now under way for continued participation.

Along the same lines, we are in close cooperation with several training, institution agencies in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, to refine our training materials and to make good use of their expertise and successful experiences.

In order to consolidate the knowledge and skills acquired by staff during the training session, mechanisms and measures have been or will be set up to measure the impact. First we have nominated focal points in core groups in every technical division whose tasks are, amongst others, to provide the necessary infornation on women in development and on the training to their colleagues. It is also hoped that they will form a core of resource persons at headquarters and adapt the contents of the training programme to their specific needs.

Second, the Organization plans to hold refresher courses and courses for new staff during the subsequent biennium.

Third, the preparation of manuals and guidelines, one of our priorities, will provide technical expertise and practical tools so that officers can integrate the subject of women in development into their daily work.

Finally, the training activities will be evaluated in a two-fold scheme. First, at the end of the training session, and secondly, in terms of an evaluation of FAO's field projects and programmes, based on a coding system that we have set up to determine the inclusion of wOmen as project participants and beneficiaries.

Distinguished delegates we ask for your cooperation and broad understanding of the priorities in both making requests for assistance to the FAO, as well in carrying out the various aspects of the Plan within your own countries.

Mr Chairman, I hope these clarifications provided as the last word by the Secretariat will assist the delegates in the implementation of the Plan of Action.

CHAIRMAN: I thank the distinguished members of the Secretariat for their explanations. I understand the delegation of Canada wants to take the floor. I hope that we will not re-open the debate and of course I have no power to do so, but I am sure the Secretariat will be happy to address any specific question directly if any of the delegations have any precise points to ask from them, but of course we cannot deny the right of any member of this Commission to address the point once again.

David DRAKE (Canada): I will be brief. I just wanted to first of all thank Dr Dutia for his clarifications in response to my questions earlier, and I would just like to add an observation with regard to our experience in Canada with regard to the gender sensitization programme which the FAO is about to undertake. We found that the training is not enough to assure full integration within the Organization. One must pay special attention to following this up with project support. I know that the FAO has taken this into consideration, but I would point out at a later stage, if this project support does not take place, the results of the gender sensitization process tend not to be disseminated the way one hopes, and this means that there is a great pressure upon the group which is leading this within the Organization, such as Dr Springs's unit. This has to be taken into account in terms of future staffing: both in terms of numbers and the qualifications of the people who are taken on in the lead WID unit.

CHAIRMAN: I thank the distinguished delegate from Canada. I think that we have new concluded the discussion of item 11 on our agenda, so as we still have about half an hour of time, I propose that we move to the second item on our agenda for today which is the Adoption of the Report. That means document C 89/1/REP/1. For the adoption of the report I would most kindly request that the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, Dr Hamdi, will be so kind as to sit with us at the chair and introduce the report.

CHAIRMAN: If we do not receive this on time, it will be technically iinpossible to put it through the Drafting Committee. I would be very glad if the delegate could convey his draft to the Chair immediately.

ADOPTION OF REPORT
ADOPTION
DU RAPPORT
APROBACIÓN DEL INFORME

DRAFT REPORT OF COMMISSION I - PART I (C 89/I/REP/1)
PROJET DE RAPPORT DE IA COMMISSION I - PARTIE I (C 89/I/REP/1)
PROYECTO DE INFORME DE LA COMISION I - PARTE I (C 89/I/REP/1)

Yousef Ali Mahmoud HAMDI (Chairman, Drafting Committee) (original language Arabie): At the outset of my intervention, I should like to express cordial thanks to the Commission for the confidence they accorded me by electing me Chairman of the Drafting Committee. I should also like to thank the members of the Drafting Committee for their honest cooperation. In addition I should like to avail myself of this opportunity to thank members of the Secretariat for the excellent work they have performed and for their cooperation with the Committee.

The Committee worked in an atmosphere in which peace prevailed. We had convergences and divergencies, but at the end we reached the report which you have before you.

PARAGRAPHS 1 TO 16, INCLUDING DRAFT RESOLUTIONS
PARAGRAPHES 1 A 16, Y COMPRIS LES PROJETS DE RESOLUTION
LOS
PÁRRAFOS 1 A 16, INCLUIDOS LOS PROYECTOS DE RESOLUCION

CHAIRMAN: we will take the discussion of our report paragrafai by paragraph. Paragraphs 1 to 3 approved. Paragraph 4?

Stéphane MADAULE (France): J'ai deux petites remarques à faire au sujet du para.4. Il s'agit de deux propositions d'amendement. Dans la troisième phrase, il est dit "La Conférence a reconnu que tant les pays développés que les pays en développement pourraient tirer de gros avantages de la libéralisation des marchés". J'aimerais une phrase plus nuancée et dice "certains avantages". C'est donc ma première proposition. Voici maintenant ma seconde proposition d'amendement. Il s'agit de la dernière phrase. En effet, il apparaît que la FAO et la Conférence prennent position sur les négociations du GATT en disant "à ce sujet elle a souligné la nécessité d'un traitement spécial et différencié". Je crois que plusieurs délégations n'ont pas souhaité que la FAO prenne directement position sur le fait de tenir des négociations du GATT. J'aimerais que l'on dise à ce sujet "on a souligné la nécessité d'un traitement spécial différencié en faveur des pays en développement". On aurait vine formulation plus neutre par rapport à ce para. 4.

David COUTTS (Australia) : Could I have repeated the two changes that the French delegate wishes to make?

CHAIRMAN: The first change would be to substitute the ward "significant" by "some" on the sixth line of paragraph 4. The second one is to substitute "the Conference" by "it was" in the twelfth line.

David COUTES (Australia): I thought that was what the French delegate said. I was disappointed to find that I was correct. All I can say is that I strongly oppose the change. I think the Drafting Committee did a very good job in that sentence, and I should like to see it stand as it is. It is a very good reflection of what I thought virtually everybody at the Conference agreed with.

J. Dawson AHALT (United States of America): The United States would like to support the contents made by the delegate of Australia. We feel strongly that the results and the analyses show that countries would derive significant benefits, particularly the developing countries.

Carlos GARCIA DE ALBA (Mexico): Perdón, Sr. Presidente. Con respecto al párrafo 4, en la verión española, en la última parte del párrafo tenemos dificultad en entender el significado. Dice: "A este respecto, la Conferencia subrayo la necesidad de un trato especial y diferenciado a los países en desarrollo, un mayor acceso a los mercados para sus productos agrícolas y tropicales y sustancial y progresiva del apoyo y la protección que provocan la distorsión del comercio". Tenemos algunas dificultades para entender esto en la versión española. Quisiéramos ver que se nos aclarase un poco más.

CHAIRMAN: I am not Spanish speaking, but the text in the English and French versions seems to be quite understandable. I wonder if the delegate from Argentina, who was a member of the Drafting Committee, could help us on that.

Ernesto Pablo DE IA GUARDIA (Argentina): En la versión del texto que consideró el Comité de Redacción, en primer lugar esta frase estaba comprensible y me parece que salió mal en la versión definitiva. La frase original decía en sus últimas dos líneas: "y se procediera a reducir sustancial y progresivamente el apoyo y la protección que provocan la distorsión del comercio". Creo que con esta frase, si se incorpora esta frase, quedaría clarificado el concepto.

CHAIRMAN: As I thought, it is merely a question of translation into Spanish. I thank the delegate of Argentina for his contribution.

we still have the problem raised by the delegate of France and the two suggestions he made on paragraph 4, and we have the positions stated by the delegations of the united States and Australia.

Paulo Estivallet DE MESQUITA (Brésil): Je voudrais me référer à la seconde remarque de la France. Je ne crois pas qu'il s'agisse de vouloir juger d'avance les résultats des négociations de l'Uruguay Round. Le traitement spécial pour les pays en développement étant un des principes généraux de la déclaration de Punta del Este (et je crois que cela a été souligné par plusieurs délégations), je ne pense pas qu'il faille changer ce qui a été mis dans le Rapport de la Commission.

Stéphane MADAULE (France) : Je me rends compte que le groupe de rédaction a fait un excellent travail et je l'en remercie. J'aimerais simplement rétablir la réalité. Effectivement ira délégation s'est exprimée sur ce point et elle

n'était pas en accord avec certaines délégations. Je suis très gêné que ce soit la Conférence qui s'exprime à ce point de l'Ordre du jour au para.4. Donc, je réitère ma demande d'amendement puisque je ne me sens pas impliqué par la déclaration de la conférence.

Mauricio CUAERA (Nicaragua): Nuestra delegación se suma a las delegaciones que han optado por apoyar el trabajo del Cernite de Redacción. Consideramos que en realidad el párrafo tal como está recoge con fidelidad lo que aqui se dio y que ha sido ampliamente manifestado por la mayoria, o la Conferencia, o las expresiones aqui vertidas. Optaríamos por mantenerlo así o habría que encontrar algún modo de satisfacer la negativa de la delegación de Francia a que se mantenga. Y, finalmente, como que ya fue corregido, hace falta una palabria, como lo señalaba la delegación de México, en la penúltima frase. Agregando: "reducción sustancial" queda corregido. De manera que esperamos que se resuelva esto manteniendo lo que ha sido el deseo de la mayoría de esta Comisión.

CHAIRMAN: We have two proposals by France. One is for a change in the third sentence of our text, changing "significant" for "some". The other one is to change the last sentence of the paragraph. If we take it one by one it will be easier for us, so let us concentrate on the first proposal by France. Are there any statements on the French proposal?

The Chair is now in an uncomfortable position because we have the French proposal, we have opposition by three delegations, the united States, Australia and Mexico, and no alternatives have been proposed.

R.W.Ch. VAN DEN BERGH (Netherlands): Concerning the word "some" instead of "significant", we could be in agréaient with "some" because we feel it is not so clear what the benefits will be and whether there will be any benefit, generally speaking, on this theme; so we could accept "some".

CHAIRMAN: Hopefully there will be some benefits, at least for the developing countries. Would that be acceptable to the Commission that we delete the adjective; rather than have "some" or "significant", we just have "benefits". Would that be acceptable to the Australian, French, united States and Mexican delegations, who are the contenders in this round?

David COOITS (Australia): I do not want to be difficult. It is a significant reduction in the impact of that sentence. All I can say is that I am very disappointed if France is quibbling on this point. I would have thought it was almost a truism these days, that there were significant benefits from trade liberalization. I had thought that the EC had fully endorsed that concept in the Uruguay Round completely, when the Trade Negotiating Committee reached its agreement in April. In fact, I think that you would probably find some words like that in the document which the EC has accepted.

I think there are only two solutions if the French delegation - which, as I hear it, is the only one supporting this measure - will not change its view, and that is somehow to indicate that one delegation did not agree. I do not think that does much credit to what is going on here. In fact, I am not sure that I can see any other solution. I do not think it does a lot of credit to FAO if we do water down that statement.

Stéphane MADAULE (France): Je suis tout à fait d'accord avec votre proposition d'amendement et je pense que de parler on ne peut qu'en tirer des avantages et ce serait une forme qui pourrait nous satisfaire. C'est une relative avancée pour les délégations qui ont des problèmes avec notre amendement. J'aimerais dire simplement que la délégation française a été appuyée par la délégation des Pays-Bas, cela prouve donc que quelques délégations ont des problèmes avec ce passage. Donc je pense qu'il faut tenir compte de la proposition française, et avoir un texte équilibré qui fait s'exprimer la Conférence sur ce point est une bonne chose pour tout le monde, même s'il y a quelques délégations qui ont des problèmes avec ce passage, d'où la nécessité d'adoucir quelque peu la formulation.

CHAIRMAN: Does any other delegation want to address this amendment?

Paolo PESAROS (Greece) : I should like to add our delegation to the French proposal.

Ernesto Pablo DE LA GUARDIA (Argentina): Como país en desarrollo, y por lo que se está discutiendo en la Ronda Uruguay, creo que los beneficios para los países en desarrollo nadie discute que pueden ser significativos. Podría corregirse de alguna manera esta frase, recogiendo que el adjetivo "significativos" se aplica a los beneficios para los países en desarrollo y separando de alguna manera los beneficios que de la liberalización obtendrían los países desarrollados.

CHAIRMAN: Now we get into deeper waters. How can we do this? "Recognized that developing countries could derive significant benefit", and take the developed countries out of it - would the developed countries be ready to accept that?

David COUTTS (Australia) : It depends whether we are considered these days as developed or developing countries. I do not think we want to quibble too long over this. For my part I would merely indicate my continuing disappointment. Especially, I must say, it surprises me that the Netherlands has supported something like this. However, I could accept the removal of the word "significant", if we changed the word "could" two wards before to "would". So it would say "countries would derive benefits". That is just my own thought.

CHAIRMAN: We have very constructive proposal by the delegate of Australia. Hopefully, the delegates from the European Community would be able to accept that.

Carlos GARCIA DB ALEA (México): Se trata también de una pregunta. Se considera que un informe es aquel que refleja grosso modo los debates que se dieron en las sesiones de trabajo. Yo me pregunto si es posible, cuando se está discutiendo el informe, recabar consensos en orden a la declaración de una delegación. Respetuosamente hago esta observación, pensando en los consensos que ahora manifiestan los distinguidos delegados de los Países Bajos y de Grecia. Si la pregunta fuese negativa, en el sentido de que al discutir el informe no se pueden agregar consensos a la declaración de una delegación, yo retoñaría la propuesta que usted hacía, en el sentido de que la delegación francesa hiciese una declaración de reserva en el informe mismo.

CHAIRMAN: The Report tries to reflect what we have discussed here, and the Drafting Committee thought that the proposal before us reflected what has been discussed here. The delegations of France, Greece and the Netherlands do not agree with that. So we have two alternatives: either to accept a middle of the ground proposal, as has been suggested by the delegation of Australia; or perhaps have a statement saying that some delegations do not agree with this statement. I do not think we can proceed at length at this or we shall be going round this text all night.

David GOUTES (Australia): I would only plead again that I thought my suggestion would have accomodated what the French delegation wanted - "would derive benefits" - and I just make one last appeal that perhaps the others could accept that.

Stéphane MADAULE (France): Je pense que cette proposition d'amendement est très constructive, mais pour ma part je me rangerais plutôt à votre proposition, elle me paraissait très équilibrée quand elle disait "pourrait tirer des avantages". Donc j'en reste à cette formulation et je constate que la position française n'est pas isolée puisque la Grèce et les Pays-Bas l'ont appuyée. Donc la phrase qui commence par "La Conférence" ne reflète pas complètement l'intégralité des débats, et je pense qu'on peut dans ces conditions trouver une formule équilibrée.

R. W. Ch. VAN DEN EERGH (Netherlands): I think we could go along with "could derive benefits".

CHAIRMAN: Now that we have some countries of the Camion Market agreeing with the Australian proposal, perhaps the French could have a different approach to that? Could they agree with the Australian proposal and move on to the second sentence in paragraph 4 which is also under review? Would that be acceptable?

Stéphane MADAULE (France) : Non, si on change le verbe en français et en mettant "tirerait" à la place de "pourrait tirer", ça ne change rien en français. Cela amoindrit l'idée que je voulais transmettre en faisant mon amendement. Restons-en donc à votre proposition, je pense qu'elle est relativement équilibrée et que la délégation australienne peut l'accepter.

CHAIRMAN: A Chairman of a Commission, when he makes suggestions, does not expect the suggestions to be readily acceptable. After my suggestion, some suggestions came from the floor and we are discussing those new suggestions. We have the proposal made by Australia which has been supported by the Netherlands and has been refused by France. It is our aim to try to reach some consensus here. We have the text proposed by the Drafting Committee. We have the amendments proposed by France and by Australia. If I see no possibility of rapprochement between the two proposals, the only alternative will be that we indicate a minority view.

I understand the French delegation wants to indicate a minority view here.

Stéphane MADAULE (France): Oui, je pense que dans ce corps de texte on peut exprimer ce que pense une minorité de délégués, et je vous proposerais un amendement à la fin de l'examen de ce rapport, si vous le voulez bien, puisque je n'ai pas de formulation à vous proposer dès maintenant.

CHAIRMAN: we can accept paragraph 4 as it is, and then we have a draft suggestion by the French delegation. So we adopt paragraph 4.

Stéphane MADAULE (France) : Nous avons un second amendement à la dernière phrase du paragraphe 4 qui n'a pas été étudié. En effet, nous souhaitons changer la formulation suivante: "A ce sujet, elle a souligné la nécessité d'un traitement spécial et différencié" par: "A ce sujet, on a souligné la nécessité d'un traitement spécial et différencié".

Cela me paraît être une formule plus neutre et plus propre à représenter ce qu'ont été les débats sur ce point.

CHAIRMAN: Would you reflect your opposition to the whole paragraph and not only to the first sentence, because I understand there is general agreement on the paragraphs as a vrtiole among the other delegations. Is my understanding correct? May I hear from the delegation of France if my understanding is correct, that he vents to have a minority view for the paragraph as a whole as there is no opposition to the paragrafai from any other delegation. France has the floor.

Stéphane MADALILE (France) : A titre de compromis nous ferons un ajout de quelques délégations et nous pouvons donc accepter cette dernière phrase telle qu'elle est inscrite dans le projet de rapport.

CHAIRMAN: Can we expect to have the suggestion by the French delegation so that we can have it analysed by the Commission?

Stéphane MADUALE (FRANCE): En fin de séance, je pense que nous serons dans la possibilité de vous donner une proposition.

CHAIRMAN: We have to interrupt now because we are at a quarter to six and perhaps the best thing to do is to start tomorrow morning having the French proposal of his views on paragraph 4 and then continuing with the document from thereon.

Paragraphs 1-16, including draft resolutions, not concluded
Les paragraphes 1 á 16, y compris les projets de résolution, sont en suspens
Los
párrafos 1 a 16f incluido los provectos de resolución, quedan pendientes

Draft Report of Commission I, Part I, not concluded
Projet de rapport de la Commission I, Partie I, est en suspens
El provecto de informe de la Comisión I, Parte I, gueda pendiente

The meeting rose at 17.45 hours
La séance est levée à 17 h 45
Se levanta la sesión a las 17.45 horas

_________________
1 Statement inserted in the verbatim records on request.

2 Statement inserted in the verbatim records on request.

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