AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATION PROGRAMME
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
ROME, 1983
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© FAO 1983
ABSTRACT Under ADCP's Fish Feed Development Programme, a survey of the availability of ingredients for fish and shellfish feeds was undertaken in 11 countries. Information on the various feed stuffs, their composition, nutritional value, prices and availability are summarized. Although some of the feed stuffs have anti-nutritional or toxic factors, the majority of them are useful as ingredients in fish and shellfish diets. Making use of the facilities in the FAO/UNDP Network of Aquaculture Centres and other projects and the nutrient specifications for cultivated species, a number of least-cost feeds using locally available ingredients were formulated, prepared and tested. A micro-encapsulated egg diet proved efficient as a larval feed for rohu, Clarias, sandgoby and Pangasius. The results of feeding experiments with fingerlings and adult fish are summarized. Based on experience so far, a number of 24-30 percent protein diets for warm water fishes and 40-50 percent protein diet for rainbow trout fry, fingerlings and adults are proposed. The existing feed milling industries in the countries surveyed are briefly described and their ability to undertake fish feed manufacture discussed. |
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2.1 Feedstuffs for aquaculture
2.1.1 Legumes
2.1.2 Miscellaneous fodder plants
2.1.3 Roots and tubers
2.1.4 Cereals and cereal by-products
2.1.5 Oilcakes and oil meals
2.1.6 Feeds of animal origin
2.1.7 Miscellaneous feedstuffs2.2 Composition of feedstuffs
2.3 Feed quality2.3.1 Protein quality
2.3.2 Anti-nutritional and toxic factors
3.1 Egypt
3.2 India
3.3 Malaysia
3.4 Mexico
3.5 Nepal
3.6 Nigeria
3.7 The Philippines
3.8 Sri Lanka
3.9 Thailand
3.10 Tunisia
3.11 Venezuela
3.12 Feed ingredient prices
4.0 FORMULATED FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE IN THE TROPICS
4.1 Micro-encapsulated larval diet
4.2 Diets for warm water omnivores
4.2.1 Carps and Tilapia
4.2.2 Pacu (Prochilodus spp.) and Tambaqui (Colossoma spp.)4.3 Diets for warm-water carnivores
4.3.1 Catfishes (Clarias spp., Ictalurus punctatus)
4.3.2 Grouper (Epinephelus tauvina), sea bass (Lates calcarifer, Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus auratus)
4.3.3 Other diet formulations for warm water species
5.0 MANUFACTURED FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE
5.1 Survey of the feed manufacturing industry
5.2 Recent developments in pelleted feed manufacture
5.3 Feasibility of using manufactured feeds for aquaculture