The
state of food and agriculture 1994The
state of food and agriculture 1994
FAO Agriculture Series, No. 27
ISSN 0081-4539
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
Rome, 1994
The statistical material in this publication has been prepared from the information available to FAO up to August 1994.
The designations employed and the presentation do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. in some tables, the designations "developed" and "developing" economies are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
David Lubin Memorial Library
Cataloguing in Publication Data
FAO, Rome (Italy)
The state of food and agriculture 1994.
(FAO Agriculture Series, no. 27)
ISBN 92-5-103550-4
1. Agriculture.
2. Forestry development.
3. Food production.
4. Trade.
I. Title
II. Series
FAO code: 70
AGRIS: E16 E70 K01
(c) FAO 1994
Printed in Italy
I. Current agricultural situation - facts and figures
1. Crop and livestock production in 1993
2. Per caput food production
3. Food shortages and emergencies
4. Current cereal supply, utilization and stocks
5. External assistance to agriculture
6. Food aid flows in 1993/94
7. International agricultural prices
8. Agricultural terms of trade
9. Fisheries: catch, disposition and trade
10. Forestry production and trade
II. Overall economic environment and agriculture
Economic outlook for developing countries' agriculture
Outlook for developing country economies highly dependent on agricultural exports
AIDS - the price of an epidemic
The economic impacts of AIDS
A note on statistics
Regional overviews
Patterns of transmission and risk factors
InterventionsGlobal warming linkages to agriculture, forestry and fisheries
Contribution to GHGs from agriculture, forestry and fisheries
The overall policy approach
Short-term responses and no-regrets policies
Policy linkages to agriculture, forestry and fisheries
Longer-term responses
SummaryUruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations
Provisions of the Final Act
Effects on agricultural markets
Policy implicationsNorth American Free Trade Agreement
Food security and economic development in small island countries
Compliance with international conservation and management on the high seas
Changes in the international economic environment
Political events and intraregional cooperation
The GATT agreement and Africa
Regional cooperation
Country policiesGeneral characteristics and economic setting
Macroeconomic policies before 1983
Policies for the agricultural sector
Overall and agriculture-specific effects of pre-1983 policies
Economic decline: the critical role of agriculture
Post-1983 policies
From adjustment to growth: constraints, prospects and the role of agriculture
ConclusionsPublic and private sector roles under policy reforms
Growing importance of intraregional trade, investment flows and growth triangles
Implications of the Uruguay Round Agreement for Asian agriculture
Growth, poverty alleviation and regional developmentEconomic overview
China's agricultural sector in transition
Rural reforms and agricultural development
Rural enterprise development and agriculture
Future directions in farm organization and agricultureLatin America and the Caribbean
The agricultural sector
Trade arrangements in Latin America and the CaribbeanThe economy
Stabilization and adjustment programmes since the 1980s
Role and performance of agriculture
Sectoral policies in the context of macroeconomic adjustment
Government intervention in marketing
Foreign exchange policies and agricultural markets
Financial markets, inflation and agriculture
ConclusionEconomic and agricultural performance in 1993
Policy reforms and issues
Water issuesAgriculture's role in the economy
Government intervention
Changes in rural and urban consumer demand
Production outlook
Resource and environmental issues
The agricultural sector
Economic reforms
Main policy issues and outlookThe agricultural sector
Economic reforms
Prospects for food and agricultureSlow-growth high-deficit economy
Structural adjustment in the primary sector
Agriculture is highly dependent on world trade
High levels of government assistance for the sector
Policy process
Current policy issues
Impact of policies
Conclusion
Part III Forest development and policy dilemmas
Introduction
The policy challenge
Purpose and scope
The state of forest resources
Temperate and boreal forests: resources and issues
II. Forests and national development
Forests in early development strategies
Forests in national economies
Forests as a source of national development
Forests as a consequence of national development
The economic contributions of forests
III. Forests in national policy
IV. Forests, trade and the environment
World trade patterns in forest products
Trade policies and forest managementExport restrictions
Import restrictions
Tropical timber import bansForest trade and environmental policies
Trade liberalization and the environment
Environmental labelling, certification and sustainable management
Balancing trade and the environment
V. Forests and future directions
FAO economic and social development papers
Policy reform and the agricultural sector
Environment and sustainable development studies
FAO forestry publications