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1. Discussed at the 1993 session of the Committee on Commodity Problems, see CCP:93/18.
2. Total AMS means the annual level of support provided for agricultural products or non-product-specific support provided in favour of agricultural producers in general other than support provided under exempt programmes (e.g. Green Box).
3. "The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations" GATT, Geneva, November 1994.
4. Trade Liberalization: Global Economic Implications by Ian Goldin, Odin Knudsen and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, OECD and World Bank, 1993.
5. The reduction is below 36 percent because a number of countries have chosen as base period from which to start the reductions the average subsidized exports in 1990-91, as these were higher than the 1986-90 average.
6. Coffee stocks held in exporting countries and coffee inventories carried by importing countries, were assumed not to change from the base scenario. Therefore, for exporting countries the change in exports reflects the difference between the change in production and the change in consumption. For importing countries, the change in imports equals the change in consumption. 7. Levels of cocoa stocks held in exporting and importing countries were assumed not to change from the base scenario. Therefore, for exporting countries changes in export volumes reflect changes in domestic production and consumption only, while in importing countries changes in imports are implicitly equal to changes in local consumption.
8. Prior to the implementation of its single market policy in 1993, the EC had four distinct segments. The largest of these (37 percent of EC banana imports) was Germany, which was duty and tariff free. The next largest, representing 28 percent of EC banana imports (France, Greece, Portugal and Spain), absorbed the bulk of the EC production, supplemented with varying quantifies from ACP and Latin American (dollar bananas) countries. A variable quota and 20 percent tariff was Ievied on dollar imports. The third largest (26 percent of EC imports) was predominantly supplied by the ACP countries. The United Kingdom, and before civil unrest in Somalia, Italy, belonged to this segment, which also imposed a quota and 20 percent tariff on dollar supplies. The last segment (9 percent of EC imports) did not impose a quota but levied a 20 percent duty on dollar imports. Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg and the Netherlands belonged to this segment.
9. In April 1995 the EC agreed to expand the tariff quota from 2.2 million tons to 2.55 million tons to allow for the entry of Austria, Finland and Sweden as new members of the Community. However, the impact of the additional quantity was not simulated as the distribution amongst dollar suppliers was not known when this document was finalized, and the impact was expected to be minimal.
10. Japan's LDC rate is zero, but quantities imported under this scheme are insignificant.
11. The problems of the horticultural sector were discussed at FAO's Expert Consultation on the Impact of the Changing International Trade Environment on Agricultural Trade in the Near East Region, Cyprus, December 1994.
12. The results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: GATT, 10 November 1994.