Non-wood forest products for rural
income and sustainable forestryNon-wood forest products for rural
income and sustainable forestry
NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS 7
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
M-30
ISBN 92-5-103765-5
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale dells Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
(c) FAO 1995
Why are non-wood forest products important?
Who uses non-wood forest products?
A basis for sustainable forest management
A range of options
References
2. Resource assessment and development
Determining tenure and access
The resource inventoryAdvance planning
Inventory methods
Importance of wildlife
Analyzing the results
Reducing inventory costsOther factors in resource assessment
Species selection
Sustainable harvest levelsScope for domestication of species
3. Assessing local use of the resource
Why assess local use?
Local importance of non-wood forest productsCultural values
Household subsistence
Food and nutrition
Fodder and grazing
Medicinal uses
Local tradeHow to study local resource use
Identifying target and indicator groups
Subsector analysis for marketed products
Learning about local forest management
Summary
References
For further reading
4. Opportunities for improved management
Improving resource productivity
Improving harvesting methodsPost-harvest technologies
Multiple-use management for wood and non-wood harvests
Strategies for domesticationCommunity forests
Household-based agroforestry
Selection and breeding for farmers' preferences
Genetic conservation
Commercial plantationsInnovative options in the use of medicinal plants
Ecotourism
Local wildlife management
Farmer-led initiatives
Summary
References
For further reading
5. Exploring commercial options
Characteristics of successful small enterprises
Elements of a successful enterprise strategy
Problems commonly faced by small enterprisesPlanning NWFP enterprises
Managing risk
Building entrepreneurial and management skillsEntrepreneurial training for producers
Marketing training for producers, extension workers and policy-makersCredit support for small enterprises
Overview of processing options
Summary
References
For further reading
Simple-technology processing: foods and handicrafts
Intermediate processing: medicines, vegetable oils, food colorants, tannins and gum naval stores
Medicinal plant products
Vegetable oils
Dyes and food colorants
Tannins
Turpentine and other naval storesComplex processing: essential oils, waxes and other products
Steps in processing
Quality standards
New product development and research support
Summary
References
For further reading
7. Markets, marketing and trade
Markets
Key factors in marketing non-wood productsProduct
Place and the role of intermediaries
Promotion
Price
Placing a value on sustainable supplyNational and regional systems
Local market systems
Information on international markets
Green marketingNational and local trade
Regional and international trade
Trends in international NWFP trade
International trade agreements
Factors in successful organization
Organizing producers for marketing and processing
Organizing for conflict management
Summary
References
For further reading
Involving producers in problem-solving research
National research efforts
National extension services
Consortiums for research and training
Scope for regional and international research
Some priority research areasGender-sensitive research and extension
Summary
References
For further reading
10. Institutional and policy support
Public education
Patterns of economic change and implications for policyChanges in local and urban markets
Boom-bust patterns in international and export markets
Implications for policy-makingDefinition
Classification
Economic valuation of environmental functionsIntellectual property rights
Direct support from national-level institutionsRegional and international support
Summary
References
For further reading