Plant Nematode Problems and their Control in the Near East Region (FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper - 144)













Table of Contents


Proceedings of the Expert Consultation on Plant Nematode Problems and their Control in the Near East Region Karachi, Pakistan 22-26 November 1992

Edited by
M.A. Maqbool
Director
National Nematological Research Centre
University of Karachi
Karachi, Pakistan and

Brian Kerry
Head
Department of Entomology and Nematology
Rothamsted Experimental Station
Harpenden, Hertfordshire
United Kingdom

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Rome, 1997

Cover photo: Root galling of tomato caused by Meloidoyne javanica (courtesy W. Abugharbieh, Jordan)

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

M-14
ISBN 92-5-103798-1

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

© FAO 1997

This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software and careful manual recorrection. Even if the quality of digitalisation is high, the FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.


Table of Contents


Foreword

Introduction

Opening session

Keynote address: Nematology and nematode introductions in the near east region: Impact on productivity and plant protection resources

Introduction
Nematode problems encountered in the region
Impact on productivity and plant protection resources
Future opportunities

Part I: Invited papers

Plant nematology in developing countries: Problems and progress

Introduction
Methods of control

Techniques and methodologies for nematode disease diagnosis and nematode identification

Introduction
Surveying, collecting, fixing and mounting nematodes
Detecting nematode diseases
Evolutionary concept and phylogenetic relationships
Morpho-anatomical methods
Morphometric and morpho-anatomical characters
Biological, biochemical and cytogenetic methods
Nematode identification expertise, equipment and aids, literature and nematode reference collections
Bibliography

Nematode population dynamics, threshold levels and estimation of crop losses

Introduction
Nematode damage
Control measures
Population dynamics
Bibliography

Chemical control of nematodes: efficiency and side-effects

Introduction
Chemical control of nematodes
References

Problems and perspectives in nematology in the Near East

Alternate strategies for nematode control towards sustainable agriculture

Introduction
Future developments
Bibliography

Biological control of nematodes: prospects and opportunities

Introduction
Exploitation of natural enemies
Environmental concerns
Development of a biological control agent for nematodes - An ecological approach
The next 20 years

Opportunities for integrated management of plant-parasitic nematodes in the Near East

Introduction
Components of integrated pest management
Nematode management, strategies and tactics
Integration of strategies/tactics
Conclusions and outlook
References

Part II: Country reports

Outlook on plant nematodes and their control in Cyprus

Introduction
Important parasitic nematodes and their control
Nematode control and side-effects
Research and facilities
Advisory work on nematology and training
Conclusions and recommendations
Bibliography

Egypt

Introduction
Nematology in Egypt
Nematological problems
Control measures
Infrastructure and training
Support for nematology
Conclusions and recommendations

The Islamic Republic of Iran

Introduction
Nematology in Iran
Nematological problems
Infrastructure and training
Support to nematology
Conclusion and recommendation
Bibliography

Iraq

Introduction
Nematology in Iraq
Nematological problems
Control measures
Infrastructure and training
Support to nematology
Conclusions and recommendations
Bibliography

Jordan

Introduction
Nematology in Jordan
Nematological problems
Control measures
Infrastructure and training
Support for nematology
Conclusions and recommendations
Bibliography

The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Introduction
Nematode problems
Control measures
National references in nematology
Bibliography

Pakistan

Introduction
Nematology in Pakistan
Nematological problems
Control measures
Infrastructure and training
Support to nematology
Conclusions and recommendations
Bibliography

Saudi Arabia

Introduction
Nematology in Saudi Arabia
Nematological problems
Control measures
Infrastructure and training
Support for nematology
Conclusions and recommendations
Bibliography

The Sudan

Introduction
Status of nematology in relation to other aspects of crop protection
Major nematode problems and possible control measures
Major achievements
Future priorities
Bibliography
Pioneer nematologists in the Sudan

Turkey

Introduction
Nematology in Turkey
Nematological problems
Control measures
Infrastructure and training
Support for nematology
Conclusions and recommendations
Bibliography

Conclusions and recommendations

Introduction
Coordination and stimulations of nematode management activities in the Near East

Summaries of presentations

Programme

Participants

Participants from the region
Invited speakers
Organizing committee
Scientists from Pakistan
Scientists from other countries

FAO technical papers