ANNEX 7 - LEGISLATION PERTAINING TO FOOD FORTIFICATION

Tables 1-4 were compiled mainly from information solicited by facsimiled inquiry of the relevant authorities in various countries. Information included in the tables regarding existing micronutrient deficiencies and dietary patterns were obtained from country papers prepared for the ICN conference held in 1992. In cases where other sources were used for legislation information, this has been noted.

Table 1: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Salt lodisation

COUNTRY	LEVEL OF IODINE (ppm)	STATUS	COMPOUNDS USED
*Argentina	30		KIO3
Bolivia	50	Mandatory	KIO3/KI
*Brazil	40-60	Mandatory	KIO3/KI
Colombia	50 - 100	Mandatory	KI
Costa Rica	33-50	Mandatory	KIO3
Ecuador	50 - 100	Mandatory	KI
El Salvador	30 - 100	Mandatory	KIO3
*Guatemala	60 - 100	Mandatory	KIO3
Haiti		No Legislation
Honduras	>67	Mandatory	KIO3
*Mexico	20		KI
*Nicaragua	30-50		KIO3
*Panama	30-50		KIO3
*Paraguay	60- 80		KIO3
Peru	30-40		KIO3/KI
Uruguay	30	Mandatory	KIO3
*Venezuela	20-30	Mandatory	KIO3
Canada	76	Mandatory	KI
USA	100	Voluntary	KI
**Austria	7.5 - 10.7	Mandatory (for complete salt)	KI
**Finland	25	Voluntary	KI
**France	10-15	Voluntary	Nal
Germany	15 -25	Voluntary	NaIO3/KIO3
**Greece	31 - 46	Voluntary	KI
Hungary	10	Voluntary	KI
Italy	15		KI
**Netherlands	18 - 22		KIO3/KI
Norway	5	Voluntary
**Poland	25	Voluntary	KI
**Spain	60±9	Voluntary
Sweden	40-70	Voluntary	NaI/KI
**Switzerland	15	Mandatory	KI
UK	25-30	Voluntary
Angola	60 - 100	Mandatory	KIO3
Bhutan	160, 25, 15	Mandatory
Central African Republic	85 - 135		KIO3, CaIO3, KI
Cote D'lvoire	30 - 50	Mandatory	KIO3
Ethiopia	100	Mandatory	KIO3
Gambia	100	Mandatory
Kenya	168	Mandatory	KIO3
Lesotho	40-50	Mandatory	KIO3
Malawi	50	Mandatory
Maurtania	10- 15
Morocco	80 ±10		KIO3
Nigeria	250, 30	Mandatory	KI
South Africa	40-60	Mandatory	KIO3
Tanzania		Mandatory
Zambia	180-100, 50-80, 30-50	Mandatory	KIO3
Iran	40	Mandat. by 12/95
Lebanon	10 - 200	Mandatory	KIO3/KI
Myanmar	40, 20	10% of production must be iodised
Pakistan	60-70	Leg. in process to make mandatory	KIO3
Sri Lanka	25-50	Voluntary
Thailand	>30	Mandatory	KIO3
Turkey		Voluntary
Vietnam		Mandatory
Australia	25-40	Voluntary

1 Values represent required levels at production, retail, consumer;
² Values represent required levels at production and retail

*Source-Dunn et al., 1985; **Source-du Bois, 1991.

Table 2: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Rice Fortification

COUNTRY	WIDELY USED	STATUS OF FORT.	LEG. ON RICE FORT.		m -NUT DEF.
Angola	Y		No legislation		I, Fe, vit A
Burkina Faso	Non-trad.	Voluntary	No legislation		vit A, Fe, I
Cote d'lvoire	Y	Voluntary	No legislation
Ethiopia	N		No legislation		vit A, Fe, I
Gambia	Y		No legislation		Fe, folate, I, Ca B2, Vit A
Lesotho	N	Voluntary	No Legislation		I, Fe, niacin, vit A
Malawi		Voluntary	Must meet nutr. lab. Req.		Fe, vit A, I, niacin
Maurtania	Y		No Legislation		Fe, folate, Fe
Morroco	Y	Voluntary	No legislation		Fe, I, vits A, D
Mozambique	Y		No legislation		Fe, I, vit A
Nigeria	Y	Voluntary	No legislation
South Africa			No legislation
Tanzania	Y		No Legislation		Fe, folate, I, Vit. A
Canada		Prohibited
Colombia	Y	Voluntary	1 serving of enriched food must contain 60-150% RDA		Fe, I, Ca, Vits A, B1, B2, C, niacin
Costa Rica	Y	Voluntary	No Legislation		Fe, I
Cuba	Y	Voluntary	No Legislation		Vits A, C, B1, Fe
El Salvador	Y		No legislation - Is not fortified		Fe, Vit A, I
Haiti			No legislation
Peru		Voluntary		No legislation
Uruguay				No legislation	Vit D, Fe, I
Philippines	Y	Voluntary		>4.4 mg B1, >35.2 mg niacin, >28.6 mg Fe (per kg enriched rice)	Fe, I, Vits A, B1. B2
Singapore		Voluntary		one serving must contain at least 50% of RDA
Sri Lanka	Y	Voluntary		No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Thailand	Y	Voluntary		>4.0 mg B1, 3.0 mg B2, 37 mg niacin. Others may be permitted
Turkey	Y	Voluntary		in accordance with Codex	Fe, I, Ca, Vits C, D, B2, B6
Vietnam	Y	Voluntary		No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Australia		Prohibited
New Zealand		Prohibited		(Review of legislation pertaining to m -nutrient addition to foods is under way)
Finland		Prohibited		Only restoration allowed
Hungary		Voluntary		1 serving must contain > 1/3 RDA
Norway		Prohibited
Sweden		May be allowed with special permission
UK		Voluntary		Only covered by food safety act - must be safe

Table 3: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Wheat Flour Fortification

COUNTRY	WIDELY CONSUMED	STATUS	LEG. ON WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION	m -NUT DEF.
Angola	Y		No legislation	Vit A, I, Fe
Burkina Faso	Non-trad	Voluntary	No legislation	Vit A, I, Fe
Cote D'lvoire	N	Voluntary	No legislation	Vits A, C, I
Ethiopia	N		Draft standard proposal exists	vit A, Fe, I
Gambia	N		No legislation	Fe, folate, I, Ca, B2
Lesotho	Y	Voluntary	No spec. legislation	I, Fe, niacin, Vit A
Malawi		Voluntary	Must meet nutr. Labelling requirement	Fe, I, Vit A, niacin
Maurtania	N		No legislation	Fe, folate, I
Morocco	Y		No legislation	Fe, I, Vits A
Mozambique	Y		No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
South Africa			No legislation
Tanzania	N		No legislation	Fe, folate, I, Vit A
Canada	Y	Mandatory	(mg/kg) B1 4.4-7.7; B2 2.7-4.8; Niacin 35-64; Fe 29-43. The following are voluntary; pantothenic acid 10-13; B6 2.5-3.1; folate 0.4-0.5; Ca 1100-1400; Mg 1500-1900
Bolivia	Y		No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Costa Rica	Y		No legislation	Fe, I
Cuba		Voluntary	No legislation	Fe, Ca, Vits B,. C, A
Ecuador		Voluntary	(mg/kg)B1- >2.0,B2-> 2.6, niacin - > 35.3, Fe- >24..0, Ca->1,100.
El Salvador	N		No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Haiti			No legislation
Honduras	N	Voluntary	(mg/kg) B1 - 4.4, B2 -2.6, niacin - 35.2, Fe -28.7, Ca- 1100.	Fe, I, Vit A
Peru			No legislation
Uruguay	Y		No legislation	Fe, I, Vit D
Lebanon	Y	Prohibited
Pakistan	Y		No legislation	Fe, I, B-vits.
Philippines	N	Voluntary	Rec. addition of Fe and B vits to 1/3 of RDA	Fe, I, vits A, B1, B2, Ca Vit C
Singapore	Y	Voluntary	If fortified, 1 serving must contain 50% of RDA of added nutrients
Sri Lanka	Y	Voluntary	No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Turkey	Y	Voluntary	No legislation (ref Codex)	Fe, I, Ca, Vits B2, B6, C, D
Vietnam	Y	Voluntary	No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Australia	Y	Voluntary1	(mg/kg) Thiamine ->6.4; (mg/kg)2 B1-<15; B2-11.; niacin-70; B6-11; E-72; folate-2.9; Fe-86; Mg-2300; Zn-52
New Zealand	\	Prohibited	Review of leg. on nut. addition to foods is being undertaken.
Finland		Prohibited	(restoration allowed)
Hungary		Voluntary	1 serving must contain 1/3 of RDA
Malta	Y	Voluntary	Mandatory for brown or whole meal flour. (mg/kg) B1, B2 - 2.4; niacin - 16.0; Fe - 16.5
Norway		Prohibited
Sweden		Voluntary	(mg/kg) 4-8 thiamine HCl 1.5-3 B2, 40-80 nicotinic acid, 3.5-7 pyridoxine HCl, 65-90 Fe.
Switzerland		Voluntary	(mg/kg) 4.4 - B1, 2.0 -B2, 50 - niacin, 29 - Fe.
UK		Voluntary	(mg/Kg)>2.4-B1, 16-niacin, 16.5 - Fe, 940 to 1560 - Ca.

1 Mandatory for thiamine
² Maximum claim allowed

Table 4: Review of Legislation Pertaining to Margarine Fortification

COUNTRY	STATUS		LEG. ON MARGARINE FORTIF.		m -NUT DEF.
Angola	Voluntary		No legislation		Fe, I, Vit A
Burkina Faso			No legislation		Vit A, Fe, I
Cote D'Ivoire	Voluntary		No legislation - ref. Codex
Ethiopia	Voluntary		There exists a draft std. proposal		Vit A, Fe, I
Gambia			No legislation		Fe, folate, I, Vits A. B2. C
Lesotho	Voluntary		No specific legislation - ref. Codex		Fe, I, Vit A, niacin
Malawi	Voluntary		(m g/l00g) 810-990 Vit A, 5.2-8.8 Vit D		Fe, I, Vit A, niacin
Maurtania					Fe, folate, I
Morocco	Voluntary		(m g/100g) 600-900 Vit A; 6.25-7.5 Vit D; 1-2 IU Vit E		Fe, I, Vit A, D
Mozambique			No legislation		Fe, I, Vit A
Nigeria	Voluntary		No specific legislation - ref. Codex		Fe, I, Vit A D
South Africa			No legislation
Tanzania	Voluntary		No legislation		Fe, folate, I, Vit A
Canada	Mandatory		(m g/l00g)> 1000 Vit A; 13.3 Vit D; Voluntary addn of 0.6 IU Vit E/g linoleic acid
Colombia	Mandatory		(m g/l00g) 600-900 Vit A; 5-10 Vit D		Ca, Fe, I, Vits A, B1, B2, C, niacin
Cuba	Voluntary		No legislation		Fe, Vits A, B1, C
Ecuador	Mandatory		(m g/100g) 600-900 Vit A; 5-10 Vit D
El Salvador	Voluntary		Vit A - according to ???		Fe, I, Vit A
Haiti				No legislation
Honduras				No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Peru				No legislation
Uruguay				No legislation	Fe, I, Vit D
Myanmar				No legislation
Pakistan		Mandatory		(m g/100g) - Vit. A; Vit. D may be added	Fe, I, B-vits.
Philippines		Voluntary		585 m g/100g Vit A. Other vits may be added with permission.	Fe, I, vit A, B1, B2
Sri Lanka		Voluntary		(m g/100) 1000 - Vit A; 7.5 - Vit D	Fe, I, Vit A
Thailand				No legislation
Turkey		Voluntary		No legislation - ref. Codex	Fe, I, Ca, Vits B3, B6, C, D.
Vietnam		Voluntary		No legislation	Fe, I, Vit A
Australia		Mandatory		(m g/100g) >850 - vit A; >5.5 -vit D.
New Zealand		Voluntary		Vits A and D permitted
Finland		Voluntary		(m g/100g) 500-1000 Vit A; 5-10 Vit D
Hungary		Voluntary		1 serving must contain > 1/3 RDA
Malta		Voluntary		natural and synthetic tocopherols -not limited; Ascorbyl palmitate/stearate < 500 ppm
Norway		Voluntary (may become mandatory)		(m g/100g) 900 - Vit A; 8 - Vit D
Sweden		Mandatory		(m g/100g) 900 - 1500 Vit A; 7.5 -10 Vit D
UK		Mandatory		(m g/100g) 800 - 1000 Vit A; 7.05 -8.82 Vit D