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Appendix

BALANCE SHEET - 31 March 1993


Notes

1993
$000's

1992
$000's

FUNDS EMPLOYED




LOAN CAPITAL




Government

2

110 977

68 007

REDEEMABLE LOANS




Building Societies

3

23

72

FINANCE PROVIDED FROM OTHER SOURCES




Capital Reserve

4

57 442

54 525

TRADING SURPLUS


35 646

1 672

TOTAL FUNDS EMPLOYED


204 088

124 276

EMPLOYMENT OF FUNDS




FIXED ASSETS

5

159 742

92 786

CURRENT ASSETS




Stocks and Stores

6

600 217

203 049

Debtors

7

161 219

130 044

Cash on hand


-

48

Bank balance


11 484

10 096

Total current assets


772 920

343 237

CURRENT LIABILITIES




Short-term advances


873 020

317 850

Creditors

8

372 662

207 492

Total current liabilities


1 245 682

52 5342

Net current liabilities


(472 762)

(182 105)

GOVERNMENT




Trading deficit


517 108

171 500

Maize meal subsidy


-

42 095

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT OF FUNDS


204 088

124 276

MAIZE TRADING ACCOUNT- for the year ended 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



92 291

230

Export realisation

1

464

(405)


Cost of transport



(3 431)


Other export costs


(186)

88 455




278

440 962

1 049

Local realisations

1 654

1 499 830

529 417

1 279

Total sales.

1 655

1 500 108



COST OF SALES



170 664

644

Stock at 31/3/92

65

27 608



Purchases after out-turn adjustments



176 647

617

- local

12

7 515

83 808

83

- imports

1 845

2 245 113

431 119

1 344


1 922

2 280 236

27 608

65

Stock at 31/3/93

267

235 588

403 511

1 279

Total cost of sales

1 655

2 044 648

125 906


GROSS SURPLUS/(DEFICIT)


(544 540)



FINANCE CHARGES



18 751


Short term loan interest


40 562

107 155


SURPLUS/(DEFICIT) AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


(585 502)



BOARD COSTS



238


Collection



35 090


Handling


94 366

39 305


Internal transport


50 408

7 535


Storage and capital loan interest


2 265

18 796


Administration


33 263

100 964


Total board costs


180 302

6 187


NET SURPLUS/(DEFICIT)


(765 804)

BALANCE SHEET- 31 March, 1993

 


Notes

1993

1992

$000's

$000's

FUNDS EMPLOYED




LOAN CAPITAL




Government

2

110 977

68 007

REDEEMABLE LOANS




Building Societies

3

23

72

FINANCE PROVIDED FROM OTHER SOURCES




Capital Reserve

4

57 442

54 525

TRADING SURPLUS


35 646

1 672

TOTAL FUNDS EMPLOYED


204 088

124 276

EMPLOYMENT OF FUNDS




FIXED ASSETS

5

159 742

92 786

CURRENT ASSETS




Stocks and Stores

6

600 217

203 049

Debtors

7

161 219

130 044

Cash on hand


-

48

Bank balance


11 484

10 096

Total current assets


772 920

343237

CURRENT LIABILITIES




Short-term advances


873 020

317 850

Creditors

8

372 662

207 492

Total current liabilities


1 245 682

525 342

Net current liabilities


(472 762)

(182 105)

GOVERNMENT




Trading deficit


517 108

171 500

Maize meal subsidy"


-

42 095

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT OF FUNDS


204 088

124 276

MAIZE TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year ended 31 March. 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



92291

230

Export realisation

1

464

(405)


Coat of transport



(3431)


Other export costs


(186)

88 455




278

440 962

1 049

Local realisations

1 654

1 499 830

529 417

1 279

Total sales

1 655

1 500 108



COST OF SALES



170 664

644

Stock at 31/3/92

65

27 608



Purchases after out-turn adjustments



176 647

617

- local

12

7 515

83 808

83

- imports

1 845

2 245 113

431 119

1 344


1 922

2 280 236

27 608

65

Stock at 31/3/93

267

235 588

403 511

1 279

Total cost of sales

1 655

2 044 648

125 906


GROSS SURPLUS/(DEFICIT)


(544 540)



FINANCE CHARGES



18751


Short term loan interest


40 562

107 155


SURPLUS/(DEFICIT) AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


(585 502)



BOARD COSTS



233


Collection


-

35 090


Handling


94 366

39 305


Internal transport


50 408

7 535


Storage and capital loan interest


2 265

18 796


Administration


33 263

100 964


Total board costs


180 302

6 187


NET SURPLUS/(DEFICIT)


(765 804)

WHEAT TRADING ACCOUNT - For the year ended 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



137

1

Export realisations

-

-

216 661

349

Local realisations

344

397 674

216 798

350

Total sales

344

397 674



COST OF SALES



131 721

258

Stock; at 31/3/92

178

102 515

-

10

Prior year adjustment





Purchases after out-turn adjustments



137 798

260

- local

58

57 142

575

-

- imports

201

262 090

270 094

528


437

421 747

102 515

178

Stock at 31/3/93

93

122 462

167 579

350

Total cost of sales

344

299 285

49 219


GROSS SURPLUS


98 389



FINANCE CHARGES



15 440


Short term loan interest


28 039

33 779


SURPLUS AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


70 350



BOARD COSTS



9 800


Handling


15 543

11 891


Internal transport


10 647

3 843


Storage and capital loan interest


1 854

5 591


Administration


5 545

31 125


Total board costs


33 589

2 654


NET SURPLUS


36 761

RAPOKO TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year coded 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



1 610

7

Export realisation

-


(486)


Cost of transport

-

-

1 124





136

1

Local realisations

-

41

1 260

8

Total sales

-

41



COST OF SALES



1 403

10

Stock at 31/3/92

-

1


(2)

Prior year adjustment





Purchases after out-turn adjustments



84

-

- local

-

-

1 487

8


-

1

1

-

Stock at 31/3/93

-

-

1 486

8

Total cost of sales

-

1

(226)


GROSS (DEFICIT/SURPLUS)


40



FINANCE CHARGES



118


Short term loan interest


-

(344)


SURPLUS AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


40



BOARD COSTS



97


Handling


1

9


Internal transport


6

102


Storage and capital loan interest


1

61


Administration


-

269


Total board costs


8

(613)


NET (DEFICIT/SURPLUS)


32

WHEAT TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



137

1

Export realisations

-

-

216 661

349

Local realisations

344

397 674

216 798

350

Total sales

344

397 674



COST OF SALES



131 721

258

Stock at 31/3/92

178

102 515


10

Prior year adjustment





Purchases after out-turn adjustments



137 798

260

- local

58

57 142

575


- imports

201

262 090

270 094

528


437

421 747

102 515

178

Stock at 31/3/93

93

122 462

167 579

350

Total cost of sales

344

299 285

49 219


GROSS SURPLUS


98 389



FINANCE CHARGES



15 440


Short term loan interest


28 039

33 779


SURPLUS AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


70 350



BOARD COSTS



9 800


Handling


15 543

11 891


Internal transport


10 647

3 843


Storage and capital loan interest


1 854

5 591


Administration


5 545

31 125


Total board costs


33 589

2 654


NET SURPLUS


36 761

RAPOKO TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



1 610

7

Export realisation

-


(486)


Cost of transport

-

-

1 124





136

1

Local realisations

-

41

1 260

8

Total sales

-

41



COST OF SALES



1 403

10

Stock at 31/3/92

-

1


(2)

Prior year adjustment





Purchases after out-turn adjustments



84

-

- local

-

-

1 487

8


-

1

1

-

Stock at 31/3/93

-

-

1 486

8

Total cost of sales

-

1

(226)


GROSS (DEFICIT/SURPLUS)


40



FINANCE CHARGES



118


Short term loan interest


-

(344)


SURPLUS AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


40



BOARD COSTS



97


Handling


1

9


Internal transport


6

102


Storage and capital loan interest


1

61


Administration


-

269


Total board costs


8

(613)


NET (DEFICIT/SURPLUS)


32

SOYABEAN TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year ended 31 March 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



75 751

112

Local realisations

90

137 209

75 751

112

Total sales

90

137 209



COST OF SALES



781

2

Stock at 31/3/92

1

651



Purchases after out-turn adjustments



63 244

111

- local

43

40 458

-

-

- imports

159

234 830

64 025

113


203

275 939

651

1

Stock at 31/3/93

113

170 626

63 374

112

Total cost of sales

90

105 313

12 377


GROSS SURPLUS


31 896



FINANCE CHANGES



4 610


Short term loan interest


29 289

7 767


SURPLUS AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


2 607



BOARD COSTS



47


Collection


-

3 460


Handling


7 428

2 502


Internal transport


3 805

1 058


Storage and capital loan interest


1 374

2 011


Administration


2 664

9 078


Total board costs


15 271

(1 311)


NET DEFICIT


(12 664)

COFFEE TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



83 182

12

Export realisation

7

44 599

(1 540)


Cost of transport


(989)

(144)


Other export costs


(302)

81 498




43 308

1 537

1

Local realisations

-

1 415

83 035

13

Total sales

7

44 723



COST OF SALES



26 677

7

Stock at 31/3/92

6

35 355



Purchases after out-turn adjustments



89 281

12

- local

5

18 364

115 958

19


11

53 719

35 355

6

Stock at 31/3/93

4

12 005

80 603

13

Total cost of sales

7

41 714

2 432


GROSS SURPLUS


3 009



FINANCE CHARGES



6 174


Short term loan interest


6 283

(3 742)


DEFICIT AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


(3 274)



BOARD COSTS



4359


Handling


3 474

575


Internal transport


280

99


Storage and capital loan interest


179

1 070


Administration


190

6 103


Total board costs


4 123

(9 845)


NET DEFICIT


(7 397)

SOYABEAN TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



75 751

112

Local realisations

90

137 209

75 751

112

Total sales

90

137 209



COST OF SALES



781

2

Stock at 31/3/92

1

651



Purchases after out-turn adjustments



63 244

111

-local

43

40 458

-

-

-imports

159

234 830

64 025

113


203

275 939

651

1

Stock at 31/3/93

113

170 626

63 374

112

Total cost of sales

90

105 313

12 377


GROSS SURPLUS


31 896



FINANCE CHANGES



4 610


Short term loan interest


29 289

7 767


SURPLUS AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


2 607



BOARD COSTS



47


Collection


-

3 460


Handling


7 428

2 502


Internal transport


3 805

1 058


Storage and capital loan interest


1 374

2 011


Administration


2 664

9 078


Total board costs


15 271

(1 311)


NET DEFICIT


(12 664)

COFFEE TRADING ACCOUNT - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

1992

 

1993

000's
$

000's
Tonnes

000's
Tonnes

000's
$



SALES



83 182

12

Export realisation

7

44 599

(1 540)


Cost of transport


(989)

(144)


Other export costs


(302)

81 498




43 308

1 537

1

Local realisations

-

1 415

83 035

13

Total sales

7

44 723



COST OF SALES



26 677

7

Stock at 31/3/92

6

35 355



Purchases after out-turn adjustments



89 281

12

- local

5

18 364

115 958

19


11

53 719

35 355

6

Stock at 31/3/93

4

12 005

80 603

13

Total cost of sales

7

41 714

2 432


GROSS SURPLUS


3 009



FINANCE CHARGES



6 174


Short term loan interest


6 283

(3 742)


DEFICIT AFTER FINANCE CHARGES


(3 274)



BOARD COSTS



4359


Handling


3 474

575


Internal transport


280

99


Storage and capital loan interest


179

1 070


Administration


190

6 103


Total board costs


4 123

(9 845)


NET DEFICIT


(7 397)

STATEMENT OF SOURCE AND APPLICATION OF FUNDS - for the year ended 31 March 1993

 

1993

1992

$000's

$000's

SOURCE OF FUNDS



Government loans

42 970

11 125

Donor aid - silo projects

533

2 501


- other

2 176

1 202

Trading deficit recovered from Government

213 595

79 900

Proceeds on disposal of fixed assets

208

125

Total source of funds

259 482

94 853

APPLICATION OF FUNDS



Deficit on trading (including subsidies)

472 968

38 325

Interest on accumulated deficits

-

24 791

Adjustment for items not involving the movement of funds:




- Depreciation

(7 751)

(6 909)

Net deficit from operations

465 210

56 207

Exchange losses

10 165

64 247

Repayment of redeemable loans




- Building Societies

49

29

Purchase of fixed assets

74 714

13 238

Total application of funds

550 138

133 721

(DECREASE)/IN CREASE in working capital

(290 656)

(38 868)

Represented by:




Increase/(Decrease) in stocks and stores

397 168

(185 207)


(Increase)/Decrease in short term borrowings

(555 169)

182 850


Increase in creditors

(165 170)

(55 889)


Increase m debtors, cash, and bank balances

32 515

19 378


(290 556)

(38 868)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

 

1993

1992

$000's

$000's

6. STOCKS AND STORES



Grain

559 016

168 669

Stores - new sacks

20 916

14 595


- used sacks

5 612

9 578


- tarpaulins and dunnage

2 849

1 295


- other

11 824

8 912


600 217

203 049

7. DEBTORS



Trade

138 183

86 568

Coffee Producers' Trading Deficit

12 713

6 255

Coffee Producers

-

127

Other

10 323

37 094


161 219

130 044

8. CREDITORS



Trade

327 162

21 193

A.M.A. Foreign Exchange Losses

13 253

149 719

Other

32 247

36 580


372 662

207 492

STATEMENT OF SOURCE AND APPLICATION OF FUNDS -for the year ended 31 March 1993

 

1993

1992

$000's

$000's

SOURCE OF FUNDS



Government loans

42 970

11 125

Donor aid - silo projects

533

2 501


- other

2 176

1 202

Trading deficit recovered from Government

213 595

79 900

Proceeds on disposal of fixed assets

208

125

Total source of funds

259 482

94 853

APPLICATION OF FUNDS



Deficit on trading (including subsidies)

472 968

38 325

Interest on accumulated deficits

-

24 791

Adjustment for items not involving the movement of funds:




- Depreciation

(7 751)

(6 909)

Net deficit from operations

465 210

56 207

Exchange losses

10 165

64 247

Repayment of redeemable loans




- Building Societies

49

29

Purchase of fixed assets

74 714

13 238

Total application of funds

550 138

133 721

(DECREASE)/IN CREASE in working capital

(290 656)

(38 868)

Represented by:




Increase/(Decrease) in stocks and stores

397 168

(185 207)


(Increase)/Decrease in short term borrowings

(555 169)

182 850


Increase in creditors

(165 170)

(55 889)


Increase m debtors, cash, and bank balances

32 515

19 378


(290 656)

(38 868)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

 

1993

1992

$000's

$000's

6. STOCKS AND STORES



Grain

559 016

168 669

Stores - new sacks

20 916

14 595


- used sacks

5 612

9 578


- tarpaulins and dunnage

2 849

1 295


- other

11 824

8 912


600 217

203 049

7. DEBTORS



Trade

138 183

86 568

Coffee Producers' Trading Deficit

12 713

6 255

Coffee Producers

-

127

Other

10 323

37 094


161 219

130 044

8. CREDITORS



Trade

327 162

21 193

A.M.A. Foreign Exchange Losses

13 253

149 719

Other

32 247

36 580


372 662

207 492

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - for the year ended 31 March, 1993


YELLOW MAIZE

WHEAT

COFFEE

OTHER

TOTAL

GRAIN STOCKS (000's TONNES)






1993






PHYSICAL STOCKS

270

94

5

137

505

PROVISION FOR FUTURE LOSSES

(3)

(1)

-

(1)

(5)

STOCK PER TRADING ACCOUNT

267

93

4

136

500

1992






PHYSICAL STOCK

66

180

6

4

256

PROVISION FOR FUTURE LOSSES

(1)

(2)

-

-

(3)


65

178

6

4

253

STOCK OUT-TURN GAINS/(LOSSES) (000's TONNES)






1993

-

-

-

-

-

1992

5

-

-

(6)

(1)

CAPITAL BUDGET EXPENDITURE - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

 

Approved Budget

Actual Expenditure

Balance Carried Forward

$

$

$

PART I: WORK IN PROGRESS




1. Shipment

10 350 000

10 067 000

282 317

2. Bulk Grain Depot

15 000 000

40 658 372

(25 658 372)

3. Bulk Grain Depot

12 600 000

11 937 740

662 260

4. Sham

3 750 000

2 459 067

1 290 933

5. Middle Sabi

3 400 000

1 893 742

1 506 258

6. Bag Depot

1 000 000

3 923

996 077

7. Additional Depot Facilities

1 134 000

231 383

902 617

8. Laboratory

650 000

-

650 000

9. Depot Improvements

972 000

907 000

65 000

10. Staff Housing

500 000

482 000

18 000

11. Plant Machinery and Minor Works

80 000

74 000

6 000

12. MIS and Training

199 000

133 607

65 393

13. Motor Vehicles

2 500 000

2 438 741

61 259

TOTAL PART I

52 135 000

71 287 258

(19 152 258)

PART II: NEW WORKS




1. Muma

50 000

-

50 000

2. Sara

50 000

-

50 000

3. Depot Improvements

1 500 000

1 174 802

325 198

4. Plant and Machinery

1 250 000

1 240 792

9 208

5. Staff Housing

2 000 000

142517

1 857 483

6. Decentralisation

2 000 000

1 025 365

974 635

TOTAL PART II

6 850 000

3 583 476

3 266 524

TOTAL PART I AND II

58 985 000

74 870 734

(15 885 734)

STATEMENT OF REVENUE EXPENSES - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

 

Actual Expenditure to


31.3.93

1992

$

$

1. PURCHASES



Local Controlled products

133 931 855

511 207 256

Imports Rice

35 259 421

-

Wheat

262 090 371

-

Groundnuts

-


Sorghum

17 659 435

-

E. Beans

-

-

Soyabeans

234 829 590

-

Maize

2 245 113 260

-

TOTAL IMPORTS

2 794 952 077

95 297 301

TOTAL PURCHASES - PRODUCTS

2 928 883 932

606 504 557

2. HANDLING



Salaries

24 706 069

43 854 891

Wages

27 155 335

-

Fumigation expenses

1 085 252

1 579 792

Establishment and other expenses

1 744 251

1 638 377

Travelling expenses

897 663

834 761

Transport, staff, laboratory and equipment

3 312 428

1 910 051

Plant working expenses

12 047 379

7 697 848

Handling by agents

4 622 727

6 186

Depreciation

4 455 706

4 132 249

Pockets

-

269 587

Sack handling

43 234 477

(1 458 479)

LESS: SUNDRY REVENUE

(339 936)

(675 932)

TOTAL

122 921 351

59 789 331

STORAGE AND CAPITAL LOAN INTEREST



Storage accommodation and material

2 498 727

4 128 976

Insurances

364 341

969 504

Sacks & Twine

(224 386)

929 402

Depreciation

1 212 578

1 194 942

Capital loan interest

6 069 141

6 188 003

Plant working expenses

344 926

-

LESS: SUNDRY REVENUE

(4 139 864)

-

TOTAL

6 125 464

13 410 827

TOTAL STORAGE AND HANDLING

129 046 815

73 200 158

STATEMENT OF REVENUE EXPENSES - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

 

Actual Expenditure to


31.3.93

1992

$

$

3. TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING COSTS



Maize

Inter Transport

50 407 530

39 250 729


Import Transport

-

-


Ext. Transport

-

-


Export Costs

186 364

3 835 309

Coffee

Inter Transport

279 852

574 535


Ext. Transport

989 265

-


Export Costs

302 149

1 684 811

Sorghum

Inter Transport

3 927 913

26 276


Ext. Transport

-

-


Ext. Transport

-

-


Export Costs

-

1 342 540

Groundnuts

Inter Transport

24 400

859 259


Import Transport

-

-


Export Costs

-

133 496

Soyabeans

Inter Transport

3 804 879

2 501 596


Import Transport

-

-


Ext. Transport

-

-

E. Beans

Inter Transport

-

-

Mhunga

Inter Transport

-

12 181

Wheat

Inter Transport

10 647 207

11 891 037


Import Transport

-

-

Sunflower

Inter Transport

912 921

4 438 724

Rapoko

Inter Transport

5 615

8 522


Import Transport

-

-


Export Costs

-

485 782

Rice

Inter Transport

216 311

80 917


Import Transport

-

-

Provision for Demurrage

-

-

TOTAL TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING COSTS

71 704 407

67 125 714

TOTAL INTERNAL TRANSPORT

70 226 629

59 643 776

TOTAL EXTERNAL TRANSPORT

989 265

-

TOTAL EXPORT COSTS

488 513

7 481 938

TOTAL TRANSPORT COSTS

71 704 407

67 125 714

STATEMENT OF REVENUE EXPENSES - for the year ended 31 March, 1993

 

Actual Expenditure to


31.3.93

1992

$

$

4. ADMINISTRATION AND INTEREST



Contribution to A.M.A.

511 717

558 125

Salaries

13 285 047

10 573 457

Wages

6 422 759

5 373 353

Printing and stationery

1 024 323

647 734

Postage and telephones

754 039

608 231

Audit fee

367 104

252 088

Data processing charges

1 320 188

1 301 135

Rents payable

2 428 676

1 821 622

Other administration expenses

112 835 055

6 889 501

Travelling expenses

2 063 497

1 378 265

Advertising and promotion

172 702

-

Staff training

353 171

-

Handling and investment costs

54 664

13 502

Public relations

635 790

-

Depreciation

306 895

256 209

Less: Sundry revenue

(98 425)

(75 5S2)


: Stop order fees

(31 388)

(173 765)

Add: Interest on short-term borrowings and bank charges

112 812 198

73 468 090

Less: Interest charged to trading reserve fund

-

(24 791 000)

TOTAL ADMINISTRATION AND INTEREST

155 218013

78 105 965

A.M.A. EXCHANGE LOSS

11 081 345

87 449 365

TOTAL EXPENDITURE

3 295 934 512

912 385 759

5. SUMMARY



PURCHASES

2 928 883 932

606 504 557

HANDLING AND STORAGE

129 046 815

73 200 153

INTERNAL TRANSPORT

70 226 629

59 643 773

ADMINISTRATION AND INTEREST

155 218 013

78 105 965


354 492 457

210 949 899

EXPORT COSTS AND TRANSPORT

1 477 778

7 481 938

UNUSUAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE LOSS

11 081 345

87 449 365


367 050 580

305 881 202


3 295 934 512

912 385 759

This is one of series of four texts on marketing and agribusiness prepared by an FAO project for use in universities and colleges teaching agricultural marketing, agribusiness studies. This text, Basic finance for marketers, introduces the basic principles and techniques of finance and accounting to enable marketers to be aware of the financial implications of decision-making. This knowledge will assist them in the evaluation of current and alternative marketing activities. The text contains worked and unworked examples, exercises and a glossary of the key terms used.


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