This broad category accounts for 60% of all paper and paperboard and embraces a very wide range of types and end-uses, including all wrapping and packaging paper plus containerboard, folding boxboard, sacks papers, household and sanitary papers and a wide range of speciality papers. Consumption of other paper and paperboard in the Asia-Pacific nearly doubled between 1982 and 1992 and totalled some 41 million metric tons in 1992, of which 15 million in the Chinese market and 15 in Japan (Table 75). The region's world share also increased from 13% in 1962 to 30% in 1992. For years, the combined consumption of China and Japan accounted for more than 75% of the regional total, but the share is shrinking due to the fast growth in other countries and slower growth in Japan. Figure 15 shows the developments of consumption in China, Japan and other Asia-Pacific countries. China's share of the regional total remained about 25% from 1962 to 1982, but had jumped to 37% by 1992. In terms of volume, it had nearly tripled in ten years. As a result, China has surpassed Japan as the region's largest consumer of other paper and paperboard.
Table 75. Consumption of other paper and paperboard, in thousand metric tons, 1962-1992.
|
Country |
1962 |
1972 |
1982 |
1992 |
|
Australia |
446 |
850 |
1105 |
1269 |
|
Bangladesh |
4 |
5 |
18 |
13 |
|
Bhutan |
|
|
|
|
|
Cambodia |
1 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
|
China |
1634 |
2118 |
5270 |
15341 |
|
Fiji |
0 |
2 |
4 |
12 |
|
French Polynesia |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Hong Kong |
68 |
249 |
369 |
745 |
|
India |
235 |
367 |
522 |
1013 |
|
Indonesia |
30 |
63 |
310 |
1188 |
|
Japan |
3553 |
8828 |
10892 |
15202 |
|
Korea Dem People's Rep |
60 |
85 |
98 |
81 |
|
Korea Rep |
42 |
303 |
1132 |
3700 |
|
Laos |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
Macau |
3 |
2 |
5 |
13 |
|
Malaysia |
29 |
85 |
176 |
572 |
|
Myanmar |
7 |
4 |
17 |
7 |
|
Nepal |
0 |
2 |
2 |
13 |
|
New Caledonia |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
|
New Zealand |
122 |
214 |
278 |
283 |
|
Pakistan |
26 |
27 |
77 |
364 |
|
Papua New Guinea |
0 |
3 |
8 |
11 |
|
Philippines |
41 |
213 |
251 |
502 |
|
Samoa |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Singapore |
0 |
61 |
145 |
308 |
|
Solomon Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka |
10 |
8 |
21 |
36 |
|
Thailand |
14 |
127 |
296 |
568 |
|
Tonga |
|
|
|
|
|
Vanuatu |
|
|
|
|
|
Viet Nam |
34 |
34 |
18 |
42 |
|
Asia Pacific |
6361 |
13661 |
21015 |
41287 |
|
World |
49925 |
86325 |
100380 |
136595 |
|
Share |
13% |
16% |
21% |
30% |
Figure 15. Consumption of other paper and paperboard in the Asia-Pacific region, 1962-1992.
The region's average per capita consumption of other paper and paperboard increased from 3.7 kg in 1962 to 17.7 kg in 1992, while the world average rose from 15.5 kg to 24.9 kg over the same period. The range in consumption within the region is large, from 130 kg in Hong Kong and 123 kg in Japan to 0.2 kg in Laos and Myanmar.
To meet the dramatic increase in consumption, the region's production rose 96% from 20 to 39 million metric tons per year from 1982 to 1992, which is almost the same as the growth in consumption. Like consumption, the bulk of production of other paper and paperboard are concentrated in relatively few countries. In 1992, the major producers were Japan with 16 million metric tons, China with 14 million, and the Republic of Korea with 4 million. These three countries accounted for more than 85% of the total production in the region (Table 76).
Total imports tripled from 2.1 million metric tons in 1982 to 6.4 million in 1992, while total exports more than quadrupled over that period. The imports in 1992 accounted for 24% of the world' total, and exports for 15% (Tables 77 and 78).
The large consumers such as Japan and China were to a substantial degree self-sufficient, but a number of small consumers like Singapore and Papua New Guinea were mainly or totally dependent on imports. In terms of volume, the top three importers in 1992 were China and Hong Kong 2 million metric tons each, and Japan (591 thousand), while the top three exporters were Japan (848 thousand metric tons), China (596 thousand), and the Republic of Korea (389 thousand metric tons). Table 78 shows that Hong Kong exported 1.2 million metric tons of other paper and paperboard.
However, those exports were not recorded in the UN trade data shown in Table 79 possibly because they were re-exported to other countries.
Table 76. Production of other paper and paperboard, in thousand metric tons, 1962-1992.
|
Country |
1962 |
1972 |
1982 |
1992 |
|
Australia |
377 |
781 |
965 |
1282 |
|
Bangladesh |
4 |
5 |
18 |
13 |
|
Bhutan |
|
|
|
|
|
Cambodia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
China |
1645 |
2097 |
5112 |
13808 |
|
Fiji |
|
|
|
|
|
French Polynesia |
|
|
|
|
|
Hong Kong |
0 |
0 |
17 |
115 |
|
India |
220 |
359 |
506 |
1000 |
|
Indonesia |
7 |
10 |
168 |
1359 |
|
Japan |
3630 |
9140 |
10856 |
15459 |
|
Korea Dem People's Rep |
60 |
80 |
80 |
80 |
|
Korea Rep |
32 |
277 |
1160 |
3851 |
|
Laos |
|
|
|
|
|
Macau |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Malaysia |
0 |
12 |
65 |
245 |
|
Myanmar |
0 |
1 |
3 |
6 |
|
Nepal |
0 |
2 |
2 |
13 |
|
New Caledonia |
|
|
|
|
|
New Zealand |
111 |
217 |
364 |
345 |
|
Pakistan |
17 |
15 |
41 |
310 |
|
Papua New Guinea |
|
|
|
|
|
Philippines |
30 |
147 |
141 |
301 |
|
Samoa |
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore |
0 |
5 |
50 |
85 |
|
Solomon Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka |
1 |
6 |
6 |
15 |
|
Thailand |
7 |
102 |
254 |
462 |
|
Tonga |
|
|
|
|
|
Vanuatu |
|
|
|
|
|
Viet Nam |
6 |
19 |
14 |
42 |
|
Asia Pacific |
6142 |
13275 |
19822 |
38791 |
|
World |
49931 |
86282 |
100836 |
142042 |
|
Share |
12% |
15% |
20% |
27% |
China was a net importer, while both Japan and the Republic of Korea were net exporters. China's net imports soared from 158 thousand metric tons in 1982 to 1.5 million metric tons in 1992, more than 65% of Japanese exports headed to countries within the region, while 18% went to the United States and 8% to the European Union. For China, the majority of exports went to Hong Kong, and some of them might have been re-exported to other countries.
The Asia-Pacific also imported large volumes from other regions of the world. The United States was the largest single supplier of other paper and paperboard to the region, with 1.7 million metric tons or 28% of the total in 1992, followed by the European Union with 901 thousand tons (15%), and Canada with 166 thousand metric tons (3%). The rest of the world provided another 2.4 million metric tons to the region, and more than half were shipped to China (Table 79).
Table 77. Imports of other paper and paperboard, in thousand metric tons, 1962-1992.
|
Country |
1962 |
1972 |
1982 |
1992 |
|
Australia |
72 |
96 |
206 |
174 |
|
Bangladesh |
|
|
|
|
|
Bhutan |
|
|
|
|
|
Cambodia |
1 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
|
China |
4 |
116 |
306 |
2129 |
|
Fiji |
0 |
2 |
4 |
12 |
|
French Polynesia |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Hong Kong |
76 |
258 |
373 |
1873 |
|
India |
17 |
10 |
17 |
15 |
|
Indonesia |
23 |
53 |
146 |
75 |
|
Japan |
3 |
49 |
458 |
591 |
|
Korea Dem People's Rep |
0 |
5 |
18 |
1 |
|
Korea Rep |
10 |
29 |
37 |
238 |
|
Laos |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
Macau |
3 |
2 |
5 |
17 |
|
Malaysia |
34 |
77 |
114 |
371 |
|
Myanmar |
7 |
3 |
14 |
1 |
|
Nepal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
New Caledonia |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
|
New Zealand |
12 |
25 |
13 |
28 |
|
Pakistan |
9 |
12 |
36 |
54 |
|
Papua New Guinea |
0 |
3 |
8 |
11 |
|
Philippines |
11 |
76 |
111 |
201 |
|
Samoa |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Singapore |
0 |
76 |
123 |
390 |
|
Solomon Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka |
9 |
2 |
15 |
21 |
|
Thailand |
12 |
27 |
49 |
176 |
|
Tonga |
|
|
|
|
|
Vanuatu |
|
|
|
|
|
Viet Nam |
28 |
15 |
4 |
0 |
|
Asia Pacific |
333 |
947 |
2058 |
6382 |
|
World |
4073 |
10338 |
14071 |
26757 |
|
Share |
8% |
9% |
15% |
24% |
Table 78. Exports of other paper and paperboard, in thousand metric tons, 1967-1992?
|
Country |
1962 |
1972 |
1982 |
1992 |
|
Australia |
3 |
27 |
66 |
187 |
|
Bangladesh |
|
|
|
|
|
Bhutan |
|
|
|
|
|
Cambodia |
|
|
|
|
|
China |
15 |
95 |
148 |
596 |
|
Fiji |
|
|
|
|
|
French Polynesia |
|
|
|
|
|
Hong Kong |
8 |
9 |
21 |
1243 |
|
India |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
Indonesia |
0 |
0 |
4 |
246 |
|
Japan |
80 |
361 |
422 |
848 |
|
Korea Dem People's Rep |
|
|
|
|
|
Korea Rep |
0 |
3 |
65 |
389 |
|
Laos |
|
|
|
|
|
Macau |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
|
Malaysia |
5 |
4 |
3 |
44 |
|
Myanmar |
|
|
|
|
|
Nepal |
|
|
|
|
|
New Caledonia |
|
|
|
|
|
New Zealand |
1 |
28 |
99 |
90 |
|
Pakistan |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Papua New Guinea |
|
|
|
|
|
Philippines |
0 |
10 |
1 |
0 |
|
Samoa |
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore |
0 |
20 |
28 |
167 |
|
Solomon Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka |
0 |
2 |
7 |
70 |
|
Thailand |
0 |
2 |
7 |
70 |
|
Tonga |
|
|
|
|
|
Vanuatu |
|
|
|
|
|
Viet Nam |
|
|
|
|
|
Asia Pacific |
114 |
563 |
872 |
3956 |
|
World |
4079 |
10295 |
14527 |
26836 |
|
Share |
3% |
5% |
6% |
15% |
Table 79. Direction of trade in other paper and paperboard, in thousand metric tons, 1992.
