Annexes

Annexes

Annex A. List of selected projects or initiatives elicited during group interviews and regional consultations held in March 1994

Project or initiative(site)	Description	Assessment of the project	Initiator/contact person or group
Landless People s Development Bank (Dolores. Quezon; San Pablo)	This was a social credit-cum-savings scheme a la Grameen Bank. After an 8-step training seminar, prospective fund members, many of whom were women, were organized into groups of 5, with three groups forming a center. The group monitored the activities and collected the savings and loan repayments of its members. In Dolores. loans supported the upland women's economic projects like sewing, hog fattening, and farm produce trading. In San Pablo, the women members were farm-produce traders who sold their goods in Manila.	In Dolores, the women say that their group and project enabled them not only to run their houses, but also to open their own businesses. In San Pablo, the women did not only gain access to capital, but also gained confidence in running their own organization. Men who were initially skeptical about their (women's) success have recently indicated interest in forming a similar credit-savings group. Members of another women's group, however, found the CARD system onerous. Pressured to meet their repayment schedule, the women involved in the LPDF were said to have been forced to accept laundry jobs to come up with the money.	Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, San Pablo City
Day care center/ kindergarten (different sitio in Barangay San Isidro)	This involved the teaching of reading, counting, writing. And socializing to children of peasants, and doubled as a day care center. It was run by a woman who has at least a high school education. RIC paid her a stipend out of donations solicited by the group. In addition to donations, RIC provided free paper and pencils to the children. RIC was also involved in feeding program of DSWD	RIC leaders claim that the center's did not only educate the children of poor families, but they also give the mothers time for work or rest.	Mrs. Hilaria Alfelor, RIC president, San Isidro, Libmanan, Camarines Sur
Partnership of land owners and workers (PLOW) (Negros Occidental; Hacienda Catalina, Talisay)	This was concerned with crop diversification. A turnover of a large tract of sugar plantation land to a workers' cooperative was undertaken. Part of the land turned over was cultivated communally by the cooperative members; the other pan was distributed among the individual worker-families. The plantation owner continued to operate another pan of the plantation.	Women said that because Hacienda Catalina grew food crops as well as sugarcane for export, the workers, the plantation owners, and their respective families did not go hungry during the sugar crisis of the early 1980s. Work continued in the hacienda. With PLOW, women and men were able to raise their own food, making them less dependent on the plantation, especially during the "dead" months of sugarcane production.	Mr. and Mrs. Javellana. Bacolod City; Mr. Ed Locsin. President, Chito Foundation, Bacold City
Community-level gender sensitivity sessions (Cagayan de Oro and Manolo Fortich)	This focused on conducting discussions on gender issues with couples as participants. Lectures or inputs during the activity were minimal. Instead, emphasis was placed on couples' experiences vis-a-vis gender roles and sexual relations, and on working out the issues with the participants.	In Kitam-is, Manolo Fortich, the women claimed that the men who went to the session cut down on their drinking, thus minimizing quarrels and wife beating. Some men also began doing more housework. The women said that the sessions freed them from some of their worries with their husbands.	Technology Outreach and Community Help (TOUCH) Foundation Cagayan de Oro City
Pilot Provincial Agricultural Extension Project (Agricultural planning with women and men) Regions 5 and 10	This mainly involved the preparation of baran gay or village agricultural sector action plans that would be included in the municipal plan and that would serve as a basis for designing extension inputs and activities by agricultural technicians.	The women recognized two benefits from their project involvement: learning about planning and feeling confident that they would benefit from assistance that would come out of the plans. However, they noted that the planning and the research activities were too time-intensive and sometimes conflicted with their domestic and Other responsibilities	Mr. Terry Quinlan, Team Leader, PPAEP Technical Assistance Team, Cagayan de Oro City

Annex B. Future strategic goals and objectives and corresponding financial requirements pertinent to women in agriculture ¹

Issue	Goal/Objective	Strategy/Activity	Required Funding	Implementor
Inequality in the sharing of power and decisionmaking at all levels	Goal: Share power equally Objective: Strengthen the factors promoting full participation of women in the power and structure at all levels of society and eliminate the factors preventing it	Strategy: Conduct leadership and assertive training Activity: Prepare and reproduce training materials	Training Fund: P3.75M	Schools and universities
		Strategy: Increase land ownership rights among women Activities: Disseminate information among concerned agencies Inform concerned women and men Strategy: Activate women's organizations in all municipalities and cities Activities: Identify women's groups Develop project/program proposals Organize development teams program/project	Project fund: P75M	DAR, DENR. HUDCC
Insufficient mechanisms at all levels to promote the advancement of women	Goal: Build gender-responsive institutions Objective: Establish and strengthen mechanisms in government and NGOs for the advancement of women	Strategies: Set up regional mechanism for women; strengthen structures/ mechanisms in line agencies Activities: Implement RA7192 Draft administrative guidelines	Line agencies, P30M; LGUs, P97.5M	Office of the President
		Strategy: Study government operational systems and analyze these vis-a-vis gender-responsive development Activity: Incorporate criteria into program/project approval and review process	R&D fund: P2.0M	Public administration Schools Line agencies
Lack of awareness of and commitment to internationally and nationally recognized women's rights	Goal: Promote women's rights Objectives: Raise general consciousness on women's rights Eliminate all forms of discrimination against women	Strategy: Revise sexist textbooks Activity: Review textbooks/educational materials for gender biases	Research fund, P1.5M Seminar/ workshops, P1.1M	DECS, NCRFW, NGOs
		Strategy: Disseminate information and raise the consciousness on women's rights, responsibilities and opportunities in the home and in the workplace Activities: Reproduce materials Organize fora in barangays	Printing, P0.3M	DILG, DA, DECS, NGOs, LGUs
Povety	Goal: Overcome poverty Objective: To eliminate the factors that accentuate poverty among women and which prevent them from overcoming the circumstances that place them in that category	Strategy: Increase number of women entrepreneurs Activities: Identify potential entrepreneurs Organize business development centers	Technical assistance fund: P75M	DTI, LIVECOR, UP-ISSI, TLRC
		Strategy: Increase productivity and income from sub- contracting industries like garments, processing, and crafts Activities: Conduct industry study on incomes Identify productivity improvement measures	Equipment loan fund: P75M	DOLE, DTI, DAP
		Strategy: Provide basic services in every barangay (potable water, electricity, communications systems) Activity: Identify target barangays and needs	Infrastructure fund: P750M	LWUA, NEA, DOTC
		Strategy: Guarantee protection of Filipino producers, entrepreneurs, industries and markets Activities: Review tariffs and taxes on imports vis-a-vis local products Develop quality and quantities of local products and services	R&D fund: P0.5M Project Development fund: P5M	DOF, DTI
		Strategy: Produce and market green charcoal as an alternative to fuel wood, organic fertilizers. bio- pesticides, laundry soaps Activities: Repeal structural adjustment conditionally (re: import of agro-chemicals and harmful ingredients) Ensure the representation of women, indigenous people and Muslims in the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) Board and make FPA Board functional Ban pesticides and industrial and household agro-chemicals that are environmentally destructive and/or banned in their countries of origin	Working and Equipment Funding, P11.5 M Project Development Fund. P10 M	DOST. DOF. FPA. DA. DTI
		Strategy: Organize community-based environmental groups who can undertake planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and environmental impact assessment Activities: Develop training programs Conduct regional and provincial training	Project Fund, P0.5 M Training Fund, P7.5M	UP-SURP PEP
		Strategy: Implement a program on diversified and organic or bio dynamic farming Activities: Develop organic and multiple cropping Conduct farmers' fore	Project Fund, P0.1 M Printing. P0.25 M	DA. DAR
		Strategy: Provide primary importance on food security over export-oriented cash-crop production Activities: Evaluate export crop and food production Propose policy/program recommendations	R&D Fund, P0.5 M	DA, NEDA. DTI
		Strategy: Respect indigenous agricultural and fishing technologies Activities: Conduct an inventory of various types of technologies, and document and evaluate this Disseminate information	R&D Fund, P7.5M	DA, agricultural schools, fisheries schools, indigenous groups
		Strategy: Improve situation of beneficiaries of natural resource management projects Activities: Review benefits of programs/projects Recommend steps to increase access to the use of natural resources and extension services	Project review and monitoring, P0.2 M	DENR
		Strategy: Ensure conservation of prime agricultural land sand stop indiscriminate land conversion through women power Activities: Legislate laws banning conversion of prime agricultural lands into mono crop plantations, industrial estates and tourism purposes Consult peasant organizations, women, indigenous people and ethnic minorities in the review, Planning implementation, monitoring and evaluation	Planning Grant, P5 M	DAR, DOT, DTI, HERB, NGOs
		Strategy: Protect the ownership right of women by indicating their name in the CLOA, EP, TCT, CLT and other forms of ownership titles Activities: Review guidelines and forms Recommend revisions and guidelines	Project Fund, P0.15 M	DENR, LRTA, DAR
Inequitable access to and participation in economic structures and processes	Goal: Empower women economically Objective: Enhance women's economic productivity	Strategy : Recognize the contribution of unpaid women workers in the home and in the informal sector to the economy Activities: Develop data collection and management system and integrate this into present census operations, analyze data and present reports	Research Fund, P1.5 M	NSCB, NSO
		Strategy: Promote balanced industrialization which meets basic needs while promoting Philippine participation in the global economy Activities: Identify and develop food production and processing industries as well as potential investors Extend marketing and export facilitation	Under existing Livelihood Development Funds
		Strategy: Continue to monitor structural adjustment programs, GATT, NAFTA, APEC and their effects on women Activity: Incorporate women impact analysis into program/project development processes	R&D Fund, P0.15M
Inequitable access to employment and other means to maximize awareness of women s rights and the use of their employed capacities	Goal: Have full employment and job alternatives Enable women to be gainfully and	Strategy: Increase access to employment opportunities Activities: Promote employment alternatives covering both wage and self employment
		Strategy: Facilitate local employment Activities: Strengthen self-employment promotion and facilitation programs with technical assistance and facilities Have safety nets for workers made vulnerable not only by calamities or by their marginalized circumstances. but also by necessary structural adjustments in the economy Promote remunerative off-farm employment to enhance income-generating capacity and productivity
		Strategy: Have stronger support for the implementation of inter-sectoral and inter-agency development plans for women Activities: Promote women's participation in unions, especially at the decision-making level Provide more solid guarantees for women's equal access to employment Institutionalize training on non-traditional skills for women
Effects on women of continuing national and international armed or other kinds of conflict	Goal: Involve women in the peace process Objective: Promote women's role in achieving and maintaining peace	Strategy: Protect displace women and children affected by national and international conflicts Activities: Organize rescue relocation teams Provide therapy for trauma	Project Fund: P50M	NGOs. LGUs. DOH

¹ This list has been culled from The Philippine Country Report on Women, 1986-1995, prepared by the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women for the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women. to be held in Beijing, China on September 1995.

Annex C. Issues and strategies identified during regional group interviews and consultative meetings held in March 1994

Subsector and issue or concern	Goal	Future strategy	Activities 1	Sites where identified
Fanning (outside plantations)
Lack of capital for non- farming venture (such as home-based industries or trading)	Improve women's earnings from their own enterprise	Put up factory in the barangay as an alternative to individual, home-based work	Conduct feasibility study re. supply of materials, skills in the barangay, and markets Prepare proposal for funding workers to safeguard discipline and work quality	Dolores, Quezon; San Pablo, Laguna; Magsaysay, Misamis Oriental: Libmanan, Camarines Sur
		Increase capital for farm trading	Contact additional or new suppliers Prepare proposal for funding
Support to women often limited to small-budget income-generating projects(IGPs) and agricultural activities	Improve access of women to development resources	Increase the scale of funding or assistance for women	Involve women in designing and preparing project proposals Conduct required financial, technical, and management training larger scale projects	Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon; Magsaysay, Misamis Oriental; Mindanao consultation (Cagayan de Oro)
Rapid decline of women's interest in training and other group activities	Improve women's access to training	Initiate gender and poverty-responsive training programs	Design training where the women are, with least disturbance to their livelihood Design training with the women	Bais, Negros Oriental; Libmanan, Camarines Sur; Mindanao consultation; Visayas consultation (Dumaguete)
Programs or projects inducing shift to cash crop production	Safeguard food security	Promote diversification of crops without jeopardizing food supply	Disclose pros and cons of crop/technology Urge farmers to continue cultivation of food crops	Manolo Fortich. Bukidnon: Mindanao consultation
Vulnerability of small producers including women farmers to market price fluctuations	Enable women to gain greater control over their produce	Organize themselves into a producers' union Obtain communication equipment (two-way radio) to monitor prices and locate best buyers for their product	Ask assistance of their partner- NGO to organize themselves formally Raise working capital for the group for the acquisition of a radio Obtain license for the radio and training on how to operate	Manolo Fortich. Bukidnot
Technicians' assumption that all farmers are male even in the light of increasing importance of women's crops(vegetables)	Enable women to demand technical assistance as crop growers and/or livestock raisers	Heighten awareness among women of their status as farmers in their own right Increase awareness among technicians of the technical assistance needed by women farmers	Conduct awareness-raising sessions with women Conduct assertiveness training for women to help them deal with technicians and other development agents Conduct gender sensitization and analysis training for technicians Prepare an inventory of crops raised by women and prepare technology packages that will improve technicians' ability to work with women farmers	Mindanao consultation: Libmanan. Camarines Sur
Plantation
Wages paid by many plantations inadequate to support household	Protect rights of plantation workers, female and male, to a living wage	Monitor compliance with wage laws Promote land sharing between owners and workers a la PLOW Generate sustainable income- generating activities for workers and their households	Encourage women to join labour unions and wage monitoring teams Disseminate PLOW scheme among plantations Protect women's claims to land that will be distributed Involve women and men in the design of income-generating activities Prepare proposal for funding Implement and review project	Bais, Negros Oriental; Talisay, Negros Occidental
Hiring priority given to males, and in times of crisis, women lose their jobs first	Eradicate discrimination in hiring in plantations	Promote awareness among women of their rights Urge plantations to practice diversified cropping to minimize occurrence of crises	Prepare awareness-raising materials Conduct awareness-raising sessions Develop technologies that would improve existing diversified cropping systems	Bais, Negros Oriental; Talisay, Negros Occidental; Mindanao consultation
Fishing
Declining income of fishing households due to overfishing	Expand livelihood possibilities for women and households in fishing communities	Generate alternative livelihood to fishing Diversify fishing equipment to enable households to fish at different times of the year	Identify livelihood systems in the area Identify prospective livelihood for the fishing community Secure capital to finance acquisition of more varied equipment	Bais, Negros Oriental; Mindanao consultation; Visayas consultation
Declining income (cont.)		Minimize the number of individuals or groups going into fishing	Disseminate effective family planning materials Involve both men and women in family planning discussions	Bais, Negros Oriental, Mindanao consultation; Visayas consultation
Continuing depletion of marine resources due to overfishing and capture technologies employed	Protect remaining marine resources	Arrest further depletion of marine resources	Enforce existing laws that regulate the fishing technologies used Disseminate technical information on environment friendly fishing technologies	Mindanao consultation; Bais, Negros Oriental
Declining supply of fish that women could sell, process, and/or feed their families with because fish are brought directly to buying depots	Protect family nutrition and women's incomes			Bais, Negros Oriental; Mindanao consultation
Upland /forestry
Technicians tend to work primarily with men	Enable women to participate in the protection of the environment	Involve women in training and application of resource- enhancing technologies Increase awareness among technicians of women's existing or potential role in protecting the environment women could also adopt these	Conduct gender sensitivity and analysis for the women and for technicians Conduct assertiveness training for women Adapt technologies so that Include women in cross visits to investigate resource enhancing technologies	Bais, Negros Oriental; Mindanao consultation
Low yields of upland farms due to depleted soil nutrients, choice of crop mix. and others	Improve yield and prevent further degradation of the soil	Promote/apply resource- enhancing technologies such as contour farming Plant fast-maturing trees that could be harvested	Disseminate information and technology packages Make planting materials for fast-growing trees available	Bais, Negros Oriental; Mindanao consultation
Women's burden brought about by lack of domestic water supply system	Provide dependable domestic water supply	Mobilize women to demand a domestic water system from the local government	Obtain consensus among the women concerning need for action Prepare petitions Organize marches or rallies, if need be	Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon; Dolores, Quezon; Visayas consultation
High outmigration (for women, domestic service) due to lack of employment opportunities in the uplands	Stem outmigration (especially migration to Manila)	Provide employment in the barangay or town	Set up small factories consultation: San Pablo. Train young women and men in income-generating skills	Dolores Quezon. Mindanao Laguna
General
Need to organize women's groups	Protect women s rights under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)	Promote the organization of women's groups in Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCS) Promote women's participation in cooperatives at all levels	Initiate gender sensitivity discussions Discuss women's rights under CARP Conduct assertiveness training with women	Mindanao consultation: Visayas consultation
Commercialization of women and women's bodies	Prevent the exploitation of women	Raise awareness among women and men in the community about women's rights, roles, and duties	Hold discussions in the barangay about women's rights, roles, and duties Hold discussion about the plight of overseas workers and other parts of the country	Magsaysay. Misamis Oriental. Libmanan. Camarines Sur
Poor roads and transportation system	Enable producers, female and male, to market their goods at low cost	Produce and market nonperishable goods if roads are not improved Mobilize community to demand road or transport facilities	Shift part of land to crops that are not perishable Secure planting materials and information about technology Prepare petitions If needed, organize marches or rallies	Mindanao consultation; Dolores, Quezon
Lack of control over women's sexuality
Landlessness	Enable women to gain control	Ensure that women are named in owner-ship or land-control papers (emancipation patents, CLOAs, and certificate of stewardship contracts) as individual or joint owner or steward	Check guidelines covering transfer of land (DAR and DENR) Monitor implementation(titling) in the field Involve women in the monitoring activity	Mindanao consultation
Malnutrition	Improve the nutrition of female and male children and adults	Promote FAITH ("food always in the home") and similar schemes to secure food for the household	Prepare communication and planting materials for dissemination Involve both women and men in the training on new technologies	Mindanao consultation
Poor roads and transportation system	Enable producers, female and male, to market their goods at low cost	Produce and market nonperishable goods if roads are not improved Mobilize community to demand road or transport facilities	Shift part of land to crops that are not perishable Secure planting materials and information about technology Prepare petitions If needed, organize marches or rallies	Mindanao consultation; Dolores, Quezon
Lack of control over women's sexuality
Landlessness	Enable women to gain control over land	Ensure that women are named in owner-ship or land-control papers (emancipation patents, CLOAs, and certificate of stewardship contracts) as individual or joint owner or steward	Check guidelines covering transfer of land (DAR and DENR) Monitor implementation(titling) in the field Involve women in the monitoring activity	Mindanao consultation
Malnutrition	Improve the nutrition of female and male children and adults	Promote FAITH ("food always in the home.) and similar schemes to secure food for the household	Prepare communication and planting materials for dissemination Involve both women and men in the training on new technologies	Mindanao consultation

¹ Some of the activities were been surmised from the discussions, rather than translation of verbatim suggestions during the interviews and meetings

OTHER SELECTED READINGS IN THE SERIES

National Sectoral Reports on Women, Agriculture and Rural Development for:

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, Congo, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Egypt, El Salvador, Honduras, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Yemen and Zimbabwe.

Country "FACT SHEETS" on Women, Agriculture and Rural Development for:

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, El Salvador, Honduras, Iran, Lebanon, Namibia, Mauritania, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda and Zimbabwe

Country papers on The Socioeconomic Situation of Rural Women for:

Albania, Armenia, Bosnia-Herzogovia, Macedonia, and Romania.

Rural Women of Latin America and the Caribbean, Preliminary contribution of FAO to the Sixth Regional Conference on the Integration of Women to the Economic and Social Development of Latin America and the Caribbean, Mar del Plata, Argentina, 25-29 September 1994.

A Synthesis Report: Towards the Development of a Regional Plan of Action for Women in Agriculture in the Near East (1996-2000).

Women, Agriculture and Rural Development: A Synthesis Report of the Africa Region.

Case Study on Women in the Peruvian Amazon.

Case Study on Rural-Urban Migration and Its Impact on Rural Women in Africa.

Case Study on The Socioeconomic Situation of Rural Women in Central and Eastern European Countries.

Report of the Technical Workshop: Women in Agriculture and Rural Development, Dakar, Senegal, 15 November 1994.

FAO Guidelines for Reporting on the Situation of Women in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

FAO Guidelines for the Improvement of Gender-desegregated Agricultural and Rural Statistics in Near Eastern Countries.

FAO Annotated Bibliography on Women, Agriculture and Rural Development.