Table 32 - India - Reserved/Protected/Unclassed Forest area (in km2)
|
Country |
Reserved Forests |
Protected Forest |
Unclassed Forest |
Total Recorded Forest Area |
|
Total |
416516 |
223309 |
125385 |
765210 |
Source : State of Forest Report, 1995 by Forest Survey of India in APFSOS/WP/26.
Table 33 - India - Forest Types 1988.
|
Sl. |
Forest Type |
Area in Sq. Km. |
Percentage |
|
1. |
Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest |
51,249 |
8.0 |
|
2. |
Tropical Semi Evergreen Forest |
26,794 |
4.1 |
|
3. |
Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest |
236,794 |
37.0 |
|
4. |
Littoral and Swamp Forest |
4,046 |
0.6 |
|
5. |
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest |
186,620 |
28.6 |
|
6. |
Tropical Thorn Forest |
16,491 |
2.6 |
|
7. |
Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest |
1,404 |
0.2 |
|
8. |
Sub-Tropical Broad Leaved Hill Forest |
2,781 |
0.4 |
|
9. |
Sub-Tropical Pine Forest |
42,377 |
6.6 |
|
10. |
Sub Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest |
12,538 |
2.5 |
|
11. |
Mountain Wet Temperate Forest |
23,365 |
3.5 |
|
12. |
Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests |
22,012 |
3.4 |
|
13. |
Himalayan Dry Temperate Forest |
313 |
- |
|
14. |
Sub-Alpine and Alpine |
18,628 |
2.8 |
Source: National Wasteland Development Board, 1988 in APFSOS/WP/26.
Table 34 - India - Actual Forest Cover by Density Classes and Mangrove Vegetation (1995 Assment) (in Km2)
|
Country |
Dense Forest (Crown density 40% and above) |
Open Forest (Crown density 10 to be low 40%) |
Mangrove |
Total Forest Cover |
|
Total |
385756 |
249311 |
4533 |
639600 |
Source: State of Forest Report, 1995 by Forest Survey of India in APFSOS/WP/26.
Table 35 - India - National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
|
Country |
NATIONAL PARKS |
WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES |
||
|
Number |
Area (Sq. Km.) |
Number |
Area (Sq. Km.) |
|
|
Total |
80 |
34684.53 |
441 |
114164.50 |
Source: State of Forest Report, 1995 by Forest Survey) of India in APFSOS/WP/26.
Table 36 - India - Annual Estimated Record of Forest Fires
|
Estimate for the period |
Average Annual |
||
|
No. of fires |
Area burnt (thousand ha.) |
Approximately Damage value (Mill. Rs.) |
|
|
1960-61 to 1964-65 |
6407 |
534.0 |
0.201 |
|
1968-69 to 1972-73 |
3424 |
258.9 |
94.393 |
|
1980-81 to 1984-85 |
3570 |
114.5 |
104.00 |
|
1985-86 |
NR |
985.8 |
21.987 |
|
1986-87 |
NR |
975.0 |
26.973 |
|
1987-88 |
NR |
1034.3 |
67.897 |
Source: Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI, New Delhi in APFSOS/WP/26
Table 37 - India - Progress of reforestation in the country
|
Plan period |
Area reforested (Mha) |
Cumulative |
Expenditure incurred (Rs. million) |
Cumulative |
|
First plan (1951-1956) |
0.05 |
0.05 |
12.8 |
12.8 |
|
Second plan (1956-1961) |
0.31 |
0.36 |
68.6 |
81.4 |
|
Third plan (1961-1966) |
0.58 |
0.94 |
211.3 |
292.7 |
|
Annual Plans (1966-1969) |
0.45 |
1.39 |
230.2 |
522.9 |
|
Fourth plan (1969-1974) |
0.71 |
2.11 |
443.4 |
966.3 |
|
Fifth plan (1974-1979) |
1.22 |
3.33 |
1072.8 |
2039.1 |
|
Annual Plans (1979-1980) |
0.22 |
2.55 |
371.0 |
2410.1 |
|
Sixth plan (1980-1985) |
4.65 |
7.20 |
9260.1 |
11670.2 |
|
Seventh Plan (1985-1990) |
8.86 |
16.06 |
25868.4 |
35128.6 |
|
Annual plan (1990-1991) |
0.75 |
16.81 |
5999.5 |
41128.1 |
|
Annual plan (1991-1992) |
1.15 |
17.96 |
7701.3 |
41898.4 |
|
Eighth plan (1992-1997)# |
3.82 |
21.78 |
26944.4 |
68842.2 |
Source: MOEF # Provisional. APFSOS/WP/26 26
Table 38 - India - Medium And Large Scale Forest Based Industries (1991)
|
Sl. |
Industry type |
Units |
|
1. |
Saw mills |
23,000 |
|
2. |
Paper mills |
21 |
|
3. |
News print mills |
4 |
|
4. |
Rayon pulp mills |
5 |
|
5. |
Plywood mills |
61 |
|
6. |
Veneer mills |
14 |
|
7. |
Particle Board units |
10 |
|
8. |
Hard Board mills |
3 |
|
9. |
Match Factories |
5 |
Source: Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI, New Delhi. APFSOS/WP/26
Table 39 - India - Estimated consumption of fuelwood
|
Year |
Population (million) |
Per capita fuelwood consumption (Kgs/Year)# |
Total fuelwood requirement million m3 (million tonnes) |
|
1996 |
940 |
214 |
562(201) |
# Source : Rai, 1996. APFSOS/WP/26
Table 40 - India - Annual Production of NWFPs estimated during 1992-93
|
Name of the Products |
Annual production (in tonnes) |
|
|
Wild edible products |
101,200 |
|
|
Myrobalans |
132,250 |
|
|
Sal seeds |
7,097,000 |
|
|
Sal oil |
23,000 |
|
|
Mahua seeds |
697,600 |
|
|
Mahua oil |
28,750 |
|
|
Neem seed |
115,000 |
|
|
Other seeds |
57,500 |
|
|
Essential Oil |
i. Palmarosa oil |
16,000 |
|
ii. Eucalyptus oil |
150 |
|
|
iii. Sandal wood oil |
160 |
|
|
iv. Lemon grass oil |
950 |
|
|
v. Others |
300 |
|
|
Total essential oils |
3,160 |
|
|
Gum Karaya |
15,000 |
|
|
Ghatti and other gums |
3,500 |
|
|
Resin from pines |
45,000 |
|
|
Resin from pines |
45,000 |
|
|
Rosin |
24,000 |
|
|
Turpentine (litres) |
600,000 |
|
|
Katha |
5,750 |
|
|
Total Tans and Dyes including cutch |
222,900 |
|
|
Bamboos and Canes |
4,716,600 |
|
|
Fibres and Flosses |
15,000 |
|
|
Grasses other than oil producing |
80,000 |
|
|
Bidi leaves/Tendu leaves |
360,000 |
|
|
Lac |
30,000 |
|
Source: NTFP study under NFAP APFSOS/WP/26
Table 41 - India - Trend of NTFP Exports through Decades (In crores Rs.)
|
Sl. No. |
Division of NTFPs |
1960-61 |
1970-71 |
1980-81 |
1990-91 |
|
1. |
Crude veg materials including gums and resins, lac & Shellac |
15.97 |
34.01 |
1.16 |
37.58 |
|
2. |
Live trees and other plant roots, flower. Ede veg, Nuts |
N.A |
N.A |
N.A |
702.91 |
|
3. |
Fruit. Vegetables, Nuts, Tubers |
26.0 |
65.0 |
19.71 |
29.71 |
|
4. |
Rubber fabricated materials |
0.34 |
8.86 |
25.77 |
248.56 |
|
5. |
Oil seeds, Nuts, Kernels |
5.13 |
5.96 |
60.49 |
282.82 |
|
5a. |
Vegetable oils |
8.51 |
7.03 |
14.70 |
- |
|
5b. |
Oil & Fats processed, wax of-animal & veg. Origin. |
1.25 |
0.62 |
4.37 |
87.63 |
|
6. |
Medicinal & Pharma products |
0.99 |
8.46 |
67.42 |
767.59 |
|
7. |
Spices |
16.63 |
38.80 |
111.36 |
NA |
|
8. |
Essential oils, perfumes |
4.14 |
3.81 |
7.25 |
280.36 |
|
9. |
Dyeing & Tanning Exts. |
0.14 |
0.35 |
0.75 |
423.84 |
|
10. |
Veg plaiting materials |
- |
- |
- |
33.78 |
|
11. |
Veg fibres (incl. Jute etc.) |
1.55 |
4.28 |
5.33 |
205.42 |
|
12. |
Basket-ware, wicker work |
- |
- |
- |
0.13 |
|
13. |
Fuel wood charcoal |
NA |
NA |
0.66 |
25.67 |
|
14. |
Coal, Coke, Briquettes |
3.34 |
4.01 |
NA |
NA |
|
15. |
Cork manufacture |
NA |
NA |
0.24 |
0.29 |
|
16. |
Pulp & Waste paper |
NA |
1.01 |
0.39 |
NA |
|
17. |
Silk |
0.39 |
0.60 |
0.21 |
NA |
|
18. |
Hides, Skins & Fur skins |
10.02 |
3.97 |
0.69 |
811.86 |
|
|
Grand Total |
94.55 |
186.77 |
320.50 |
4198.11 |
|
|
NTFPs contribution to total exports from India (%) |
15% |
12.3% |
4.79% |
13% |
Source: NTFP study under NFAP APFSOS/WP/26
Table 42 - India Fuelwood consumption sources 1994.
|
India |
1994 |
||
|
Area |
Mass |
Energy |
|
|
CONSUMPTION |
1000 ha |
kton |
PJ |
|
total wood fuels |
|
173,412 |
2,601 |
|
POTENTIAL SUPPLY |
|
|
|
|
sust. woodfuel from forest land |
64,996 |
85,695 |
1,285 |
|
sust. woodfuel from agricultural areas |
189,805 |
125,323 |
1,880 |
|
sust. woodfuel from other wooded lands |
8,884 |
5,150 |
77 |
|
waste woodfuels from deforestation |
-269 |
18,999 |
285 |
|
total potentially available woodfuels* |
263,416 |
235,167 |
3,528 |
|
50% of crop processing residues |
189,805 |
70,267 |
1,143 |
|
total potentially available biomass fuels |
|
305,434 |
4,670 |
Area = 89% of geographical land area
Source: APFSOS/WP/34
Table 43 - India - Pattern of raw material utilization - pulp and paper
|
Year |
Percentage of production based on |
||
|
Wood and bamboo |
Agri residues |
Waste paper |
|
|
1970 |
95 |
5 |
0 |
|
1990 |
48 |
32 |
20 |
|
1995 |
38 |
36 |
26 |
Source: APFSOS/WP/10
Table 44 - India - Utilization of bamboo in total paper production
|
Year |
% of bamboo by air dry weight in total fibre weight |
|
1936 |
49 |
|
52 |
74 |
|
58 |
74 |
|
70 |
56 |
|
75 |
54 |
|
79 |
53 |
|
80 |
29 |
|
88 |
28 |
|
90 |
27 |
|
95 |
22 |
Source: APFSOS/WP/10
Table 45 - India - Estimated bagasse based paper production: Development Council 1990
|
Year |
Total bagasse available (in million tonnes) |
Surplus bagasse % |
Quantity available for paper production (million tonnes per annum) |
Quantity of paper production (million tonnes per annum) |
|
1990 |
7.2 |
15 |
1.08 |
0.18 |
Source: APFSOS/WP/10
Table 46 - India - Estimated straw (rice and wheat) based paper production: Development Council 1990
|
Year |
Availability of straw for paper production (million tonnes) |
Paper production (million tonnes) |
|
1990 |
0.6 |
0.20 |
|
1995 |
0.7 |
0.23 |
Source : APFSOS/WP/10
Table 47 - India - Particleboard: Current Raw material Utilization
|
Raw material |
Installed capacity (TPA) |
Production (estimated) (TPA) |
|
Registered units | ||
|
Wood |
68,134 |
52,400 |
|
Wood and bagasse |
6,000 |
0 |
|
Bagasse |
11,000 * |
4,600 |
|
Sub total: |
85,134 |
57,000 |
|
Unregistered units | ||
|
Bagasse |
3,000** |
1,800** |
|
Rice husk |
3,000** |
500** |
|
Total |
91,134 |
59,300 |
* This bagasse based unit converted itself bagasse and wood (6200 and 4800) TPA respectively bagasse-based product being about 2500 TPA only.** Personal communication. Source : APFSOS/WP/10
Table 48 - India - Particleboard capacities planned
|
Raw material |
No. of units |
Capacity (TPA) |
% |
|
Under implementation | |||
|
Bagasse |
7 |
260,935 |
65 |
|
Cotton stalk |
1 |
12,500 |
3 |
|
Jute stalk |
1 |
6,000 |
1 |
|
Rice straw |
4 |
56,250 |
14 |
|
Rice husk |
4 |
120,000* |
3 |
|
Wood |
6 |
53,600 |
14 |
|
Sub total |
23 |
401,285 |
100 |
|
Letter of Intent issued | |||
|
Wood (sourced from farm forestry and rubber wood) |
4 |
335.685 |
|
|
Total |
27 |
736.770 |
|
*Personal communication.
Source : APFSOS/WP/10
Table 49 - India : Fibreboard Installed capacity and production
|
Year |
No. of units |
Installed capacity (TPA) |
Production (TPA) |
Capacity utilization, % |
Remarks |
|
1985 |
3 |
53,000 |
33,719 |
64 |
- |
|
1993 |
3 |
57,140 |
31,051 |
54 |
1 unit was non operational |
|
1994 |
3 |
57,140 |
47,881 |
84 |
- |
|
1995 |
3 |
57,140 |
51,059 |
89 |
- |
|
1997 |
3 |
57,140 |
- |
- |
- |
Source: APFSOS/WP/10
Table 50 - India - Fibreboard Capacity planned
|
Raw material |
No. of units |
Capacity TPA |
%* |
|
Under implementation | |||
|
Bagasse & Cotton |
|
|
|
|
stalk |
1 |
22,500 |
6 |
|
Cotton stalk |
3 |
93,000 |
24 |
|
Straw |
1 |
50,000 |
14 |
|
Bagasse & wood |
1 |
30,000 |
8 |
|
Wood |
3 |
165,000 |
46 |
|
Sub-total |
9 |
360,500 |
100 |
|
Letter of Intent issued | |||
|
Wood |
1 |
85,000 |
- |
*% calculated by editor
Source: APFSOS/WP/10
Table 51 - India - MDF: Installed capacity and production
|
Year |
No. of units |
Installed capacity (TPA) |
Production (TPA) |
Capacity utilization, % |
Remarks |
|
1985 |
2 |
65,400 |
13,595 |
21 |
1 unit was non operational |
|
1993 |
2 |
65,400 |
12,317 |
19 |
1 unit was non operational |
|
1994 |
2 |
65,400 |
54,869 |
84 |
- |
|
1995 |
2 |
65,400 |
49,100 |
75 |
- |
Source: APFSOS/WP/10
