Fishery Harbour Manual on the Prevention of Pollution - Bay of Bengal Programme













Table of Contents


J A SCIORTINO
R RAVIKUMAR

BOBP For Fisheries Management

BOBP/MAG/22

BAY OF BENGAL PROGRAMME
Madras, India
1999

This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software and careful manual recorrection. Even if the quality of digitalisation is high, the FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.


Table of Contents


FOREWORD

BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 - POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS, THEIR SOURCES AND THEIR IMPACTS

1.1 Contamination or pollution?
1.2 Contamination of water in fishery harbours
1.3 Suspended solids
1.4 Biodegradable organics
1.5 Pathogens

1.5.1 Bacteria
1.5.2 Viruses
1.5.3 Protozoa
1.5.4 Helminths
1.5.5 Special note on Malaria and Dengue

1.6 Nutrients

1.6.1 Nitrates and nitrites

1.7 Priority pollutants

1.7.1 Arsenic
1.7.2 Asbestos
1.7.3 Barium
1.7.4 Beryllium
1.7.5 Selenium
1.7.6 Silver

1.8 Refractory organics

1.8.1 Chlorinated Alkanes
1.8.2 Chlorinated Ethanes
1.8.3 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1.8.4 Pesticides
1.8.5 Mono-Dichlorobenzenes
1.8.6 Benzenes
1.8.7 Phenols and chlorophenols
1.8.8 Trihalomethanes

1.9 Heavy metals

1.9.1 Cadmium
1.9.2 Chromium
1.9.3 Lead
1.9.4 Mercury
1.9.5 Nickel
1.9.6. Tin

1.10 Dissolved inorganics

1.10.1 Aluminium
1.10.2 Chlorides
1.10.3 Colour
1.10.4 Copper
1.10.5 Hardness
1.10.6 Hydrogen Sulphide
1.10.7 Iron
1.10.8 Manganese
1.10.9 pH
1.10.10 Sodium
1.10.11 Sulphates
1.10.12 Zinc
1.10.13 Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Chapter 2 - WATER QUALITY MONITORING, STANDARDS AND TREATMENT

2.1 Water sampling

2.1.1 Borewells
2.1.2 Municipal mains
2.1.3 Water tanks and reservoirs
2.1.4 Harbour basin water

2.2 Testing procedures

2.2.1 Physical tests
2.2.2 Chemical tests
2.2.3 Bacteriological tests

2.3 Investigative analysis

2.3.1 Test case

2.4 Water treatment methods

2.4.1 Primary treatment
2.4.2 Secondary treatment
2.4.3 Complete treatment

Chapter 3 - WATER AND ICE - SUPPLY AND STORAGE

3.1 Water

3.1.1 Borewells
3.1.2 Sea water

3.2 Water storage
3.3 Ice

3.3.1 Block ice
3.3.2 Flake ice
3.3.3 Tube ice

3.4 Ice storage

3.4.1 Block ice stores
3.4.2 Bin storage
3.4.3 Silo storage

Chapter 4 - WASTES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

4.1 Harbour wastes
4.2 Waste audit
4.3 Non toxic solid wastes

4.3.1 Reduction
4.3.2 Recycling
4.3.3 Collection
4.3.4 Disposal

4.4 Toxic solid wastes
4.5 Dredging spoils
4.6 Oily waste and oil spills

4.6.1 Oily wastes
4.6.2 Minimizing bunkering leaks
4.6.3 Coping with oil spills

4.6.3.1 Mechanical containment
4.6.3.2 Mechanical recovery of oil
4.6.3.3 Dispersant use

4.7 Sewage and effluent treatment

4.7.1 Artisanal harbours

4.7.1.1 Slow rate treatment
4.7.1.2 Constructed wetlands - emergent plants
4.7.1.3 Constructed wetland - floating plants
4.7.1.4 Rapid infiltration
4.7.1.5 Which system is more suitable?

4.7.2 Other harbours
4.7.3 Wash-hand basin effluent
4.7.4 Market floor run-off

4.8 Fish offal

4.8.1 Fishmeal
4.8.2 Fish silage

Chapter 5 - FISH QUALITY ASSURANCE

5.1 Definition of Q.A.
5.2 Microbiological testing

5.2.1 Microbiological standards to be met

5.3 What are the other options?
5.4 The HACCP concept

5.4.1 HACCP system for fresh and frozen fish products
5.4.2 Application of HACCP system in fishery harbours
5.4.3 Checklist for ensuring seafood safety
5.4.4 Advantages of the HACCP system

5.5 The ISO-9000 series certification of the International Standards Organization

Chapter 6 - COMPLIANCE

6.1 Global conventions to mitigate marine pollution
6.2 National legislative bodies (BOBP)
6.3 Harbour management

6.3.1 Duties of a harbour master
6.3.2 Duties of the administrative officer
6.3.3 Duties of the maintenance officer
6.3.4 Duties of the statistician
6.3.5 Duties of a hygiene officer/health officer
6.3.6 Fishery harbour rules and regulations

Chapter 7 - AWARENESS BUILDING

7.1 Awareness campaigns
7.2 A case study - Negombo, Sri Lanka

7.2.1 Pollution assessment study
7.2.2 Stakeholder study
7.2.3 Development of communication materials

7.3 Typical poster designs

7.3.1 Oily bilge water prevention
7.3.2 Wet wastes and pests
7.3.3 Solid waste collection

Appendices

Appendix 1: Port hygiene checklist
Appendix 2: Hygiene infrastructure deficiencies
Appendix 3: Personal hygiene facilities onboard vessels

REFERENCES