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Better management practices for feed production and management of Nile tilapia and milkfish in the Philippines

Year of publication 2018

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Pages 95 p.

Author White, P.G. ; Shipton, T.A. ; Bueno, P.B. ; Hasan, M.R.

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Book (stand-alone)

ISBN 978-92-5-130485-3

Series title FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Papers

Series number No. 614 - T614

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) The relationship between feed management practices and the economic efficiency of the farming operation is an important consideration for farmers and provides them with the rationale for choosing one feed management practice over another. It is economically important to optimize feed management practices that impact feed conversion ratio (FCR) and, ultimately, profitability. Amongst others, these include optimizing feeding frequency, ration and rearing temperature. The TCP project undertook to improve feed formulation and feeding strategy for these two species to improve FCR, formulate cost-effective feeds using locally available feed ingredients, improve feeding strategy to reduce FCR, feed wastage and water pollution, and provide guidelines for feed manufacturers and milkfish and Nile tilapia farmers. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO of the UN) undertook the project in collaboration with the Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Department (IFAD) of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) in the Philippines.

Language English

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    Tilapia is the world’s most popular aquaculture species, farmed mostly in earthen ponds. Experience in China, the largest tilapia farming country, is used to develop and calibrate a bioeconomic model of intensive tilapia pond culture. The model is used to simulate the impacts of climate, technical and/or economic factors on farming performance and examines the performance of various farming arrangements under different conditions. The simulation results indicate that: (i) an increase in feed price, an increase in mortality, or a decrease in fish price significantly reduces profitability, whereas an increase in the cost of seed, labour, rent, electricity or water management has smaller impacts on profitability; (ii) considering the impact of water temperature on fish growth, the profitability of a production cycle starting at the optimum timing may be twice as high as one starting at the worst possible time; (iii) farming arrangements that maximize the profit of individual fish crops may not maximize overall profitability because of path dependency of farming performance; (iv) optimal farming arrangements that maximize overall profitability can significantly improve economic performance; (v) given no price discrepancy against small-size fish, harvesting at about 300 g in two-year-five-crop arrangements could increase overall enterprise profitability by up to 50 percent compared with harvesting at > 500 g in one-year-two-crop arrangements; and (vi) a two-tier farming system that separates nursing and outgrowing ponds could allow one-year-three-crop arrangements that enhance profitability by up to nearly 90 percent compared with the one-year-two-crop arrangements. With more refined information on fish growth under different farming conditions, the model could become a decision-making tool to help farmers design optimal farming arrangements.
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