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BookletProtocol on estimation of antimicrobial usage at farm level 2024
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No results found.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is acknowledged as one of the main threats to human health worldwide. It is widely recognized that antimicrobial use (AMU) leads to the selection of resistant bacteria, and that animals may constitute one of the reservoirs of resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Recently, an association between the use of certain antimicrobials in animals and the occurrence of AMR in few clinical isolates from humans has beenshown. Consequently, reducing AMU in both humans and animals is an essential step toward limiting AMR in both humans and animals. Monitoring AMU at farm or prescriber level offers the ability to pinpoint ‘non-prudent’ or excessive AMU and can help guide farm-specific preventive or corrective actions. The information arising from farm-level AMU monitoring is critical for driving antimicrobial stewardship, i.e. the establishment and implementation of measures aimed at combating AMR by promoting responsible AMU practices. This protocol for estimation of AMU at the farm level addresses: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis (i.e. the calculation of indicators to quantify AMU), and (3) reporting the results, as all are important elements in advancing antimicrobial stewardship. Each of these elements can be approached in different ways, with several decisions to be made along the way. These practical guidelines are intended to provide design for farm-level AMU monitoring. It will help to provide data on the type and detail(s) of the antibiotic(s) used and the indicators for reporting results. -
Book (stand-alone)Recommendations for prudent and responsible use of veterinary medicines in aquaculture 2019
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No results found.These Technical Guidelines on the Prudent and Responsible Use of Veterinary Medicines in Aquaculture (No. 5 Suppl. 8) are developed to support Section 9 – Aquaculture Development of FAO’s Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) and The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016–2020. They also support the international aquatic animal health standards of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the food safety standards of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius and the One Health platform under the FAO/OIE/WHO Tripartite Collaboration on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Their objective is to assist countries in encouraging the prudent and responsible use of veterinary medicines (antimicrobials and other chemotherapeutants) in aquaculture production through appropriate government regulation and the promotion and encouragement of awareness and responsible use by the private sector. They emphasize, among the guiding principles, that responsible use of veterinary medicines in aquaculture requires collaboration among all stakeholders and a strong commitment to governance, awareness, best practices, surveillance and research, including monitoring of AMR, tracking of antimicrobial usage (AMU), assessing risk in different settings and evaluating strategies to reduce AMR and maintain efficacy of antimicrobials. They provide general guidance on the use of veterinary medicines in aquaculture to responsible government agencies, private-sector aquaculture producers and aquatic animal health professionals. -
Book (series)Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting in collaboration with OIE on Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance: Role of the Environment, Crops and Biocides
Meeting report
2019Also available in:
No results found.Responding to the request from the 39th Session Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) and the ad hoc Codex Intergovernmental Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance (TFAMR) for information about antimimcrobial resistance, this report provides scientific advice on the subject derived from a joint “FAO/WHO expert meeting on foodborne antimicrobial resistance: role of environment, crops and biocides” on 11-15 June 2018 in Rome, Italy. There is clear scientific evidence that foods of plant origin may serve as a vehicle of foodborne exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Aquaculture products can also carry bacteria that are resistant to medically important antimicrobials. As such, concerted efforts should be made to mitigate their contamination at all stages of the food chain, from production to consumption. Notably, antimicrobials should only be used in crop production according to label guidelines in the context of integrated pest management strategies. To improve food safety, best management practices should be adhered to with respect to the use of human and animal wastes for soil amendment purposes and for the prevention of environmental contamination where aquatic animals are raised for food. Foods of plant and aquatic animal origin food incorporated in to integrated surveillance plans for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring. Because of the theoretical potential for disinfecting chemical to co-select for AMR, biocides should be used according to manufacturers’ recommendations.
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