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Book (stand-alone)Preparing and accessing decent work amongst rural youth in Cambodia 2019
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No results found.The case study explores which skills and training opportunities young people need in order to gain access to decent employment in rural areas. The research was undertaken in order to develop recommendations to support the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and FAO Cambodia in developing appropriate recommendations to support rural young people, especially those of the 15 to 17 age cohort. The study highlights the limited decent employment opportunities that currently exist along various agricultural value chains in rural Cambodia. Poverty and the structural problems of the agricultural sector are the main barriers for youth in accessing decent rural employment. A substantial enhancement of the education system, as well as the provision of appropriate training services to ensure successful schoolto-work transition is seen as necessary to tackle these challenges. A well-balanced policy mix reflecting national and local circumstances can encourage employment opportunities and create an environment that enables rural youth. Building on previous research on agriculture in Cambodia, agricultural transformation requires promotion of agribusiness enterprises, support to community-managed organizations of farmers, promotion of agropreneurs, and investments in agricultural and rural development, particularly in infrastructure, energy, water, education and health. Moreover, most youth entering agriculture are self-employed and work as smallscale farmers. Therefore, the provision of skills and training in rural areas should focus on the skills required to be self-employed. -
DocumentCooperatives or associations? Options for wood value chain upgrading in Hawassa, Ethiopia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Smallholder tree growers in rural areas are the backbone of Ethiopia’s supply of wood products. Equally, the small-scale wood processing sector contributes in adding value to locally sourced wood products. However, those up- and midstream value chain actors are faced with various challenges, notably information asymmetry, and limited access to technical and financial support. Collective action offers the potential to counter such challenges. However, the mechanism in which small-scale wood producers and processers could cooperate horizontally still begs for further scrutiny. This research explores organizational arrangements that facilitate upgrading of wood value chains through horizontal collective action approaches. The research employs the embedded multiple case study approach, consisting of two cases at the level of smallholder tree farmers (producers), and of small-scale furniture enterprises (processors) in Hawassa Town District, southern Ethiopia. We conducted focus group discussions and interviews with 185 rural smallholders as well as 54 urban small-scale furniture enterprises, and 12 key informants. For the case of rural smallholders, a forestry cooperative as a collective form of organization is proposed. Among the sample, 73% expressed their willingness to participate in a cooperative that would arrange harvesting and transporting of wood products from their woodlots to a marketplace in Hawassa. For the case of urban small-scale furniture processors, the business association model is proposed, where 95% expressed willingness to participate. The association would ease access to trainings, represent members’ interest in policy environment, and facilitate networking. These findings stress the importance to have organizational arrangements tailored to the aspirations of each actor groups along the value chain. The proposed organizational arrangements further imply the need for empirical research to test the conceptual models. Keywords: Decent employment, Value chain, Social protection, Decent employment, Economic Development ID: 3486535 -
DocumentWomen in the Banana Export Industry. Regional Report on Latin America.
Working paper. Series for the World Banana Forum.
2015Also available in:
Women in the Banana Export Industry Regional Report on Latin America is part of a global report on the economic aspects of gender issues in the banana sector. It is based on research conducted in Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua with a primary focus on the situation for hired labour and analyses levels of women’s employment in the region and the key challenges for women workers. The report will inform the work of the World Banana Forum1. The average proportion of women employ ed in the Latin American banana industry is 12.5%, although this varies within and between countries. A key reason for this low rate of women's employment in the sector is the limited access of women to the whole range of work tasks on the plantation. Women tend to be restricted to work in the 'more controlled environment' of the packing shed in part due to the gender stereotyping of women. Many field tasks are perceived to be too technically difficult or too physically demanding for women to un dertake but tend to be better paid. Women are viewed primarily as domestic actors and childcare providers. The occupational health and safety risks for women identified are particularly those related to the effects of agrochemical exposure on reproductive health. Other problems faced by women workers are sexual harassment, discrimination when pregnant, a lack of childcare provision and the additional burdens faced by women managing childcare, domestic duties and in some cases, trade union activi ty. A lack of access to training (in skills required to undertake field tasks) is an obstacle to women accessing employment. It is recommended that women are consulted to assess which tasks they can do and that this learning could inform guidance for employers. The initiatives led by women trade unionists throughout the region are highlighted as some examples of best practice in terms of increasing and improving employment for women. Company practices to improve women’s treatment in the workplac e, such as the only sexual harassment policy in the region (adopted by Chiquita), are also assessed. It is noted that the socio economic impact of the low proportion of women’s employment, especially given the high rate of women as single heads of household, requires analysis. The report concludes by recommending the World Banana Forum as a multi stakeholder environment in which (the Women’s Secretariats of) independent trade unions and companies can work together to develop and share strategies to increase the provision of Decent Work for women in the banana sector.
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