Forest Finance Working Paper  -  FSFM/ACC/08 Contribution of the forestry sector to national economies, 1990-2006
	Arvydas Lebedys (2008), EN
This paper is an update of a recent FAO study published in 2004. It presents information about the contribution of the forestry sector to national economies at the global, regional and country levels. The paper provides figures for total employment, value-added (1990-2006) and export earnings (1990-2007) in the sector, as well as information about trends in productivity. The figures include a mixture of statistics taken from published official sources and FAO estimates. Unfortunately, statistics are not available for many countries or for activities in the informal sector, so these figures must be treated with some caution. However, the figures probably give a reasonable indication of the importance of the sector at the global and regional level and highlight broad changes over time. They also show some of the main differences and changes in the structure of the sector between different countries and regions.
> Aggregate data , Economic analysis, Economic indicators, Employment, Exports, Forest products, Forestry, Gross national product, Imports, National accounting, National income, Statistical data, Trade, Trends, Value added, World
	Working Paper -  FSFM/ACC/07 Tendencias y situación actual de la contribución del sector forestal a las economías nacionales
	(2004), ES
This paper presents information about the contribution of the forestry sector to national economies at the global, regional and country levels. The paper presents figures for total employment, value-added and export earnings in the sector from 1990 to 2000, as well as information about trends in productivity. The figures include a mixture of statistics taken from published sources and FAO estimates. Unfortunately, statistics are not available for many countries or for activities in the informal sector, so these figures must be treated with some caution. However, the figures probably give a reasonable indication of the importance of the sector at the global and regional level and highlight broad changes over time. They also show some of the main differences in the structure of the sector between different countries and regions.
	Working Paper -  FSFM/ACC/07 La contribution du secteur forestier aux économies nationales: Tendances et situation actuelle
	(2004), FR
This paper presents information about the contribution of the forestry sector to national economies at the global, regional and country levels. The paper presents figures for total employment, value-added and export earnings in the sector from 1990 to 2000, as well as information about trends in productivity. The figures include a mixture of statistics taken from published sources and FAO estimates. Unfortunately, statistics are not available for many countries or for activities in the informal sector, so these figures must be treated with some caution. However, the figures probably give a reasonable indication of the importance of the sector at the global and regional level and highlight broad changes over time. They also show some of the main differences in the structure of the sector between different countries and regions.
	Forest Finance Working Paper  -  FSFM/ACC/07 Trends and current status of the contribution of the forestry sector to national economies
	(2004), EN , 143pp
This paper presents information about the contribution of the forestry sector to national economies at the global, regional and country levels. The paper presents figures for total employment, value-added and export earnings in the sector from 1990 to 2000, as well as information about trends in productivity. The figures include a mixture of statistics taken from published sources and FAO estimates. Unfortunately, statistics are not available for many countries or for activities in the informal sector, so these figures must be treated with some caution. However, the figures probably give a reasonable indication of the importance of the sector at the global and regional level and highlight broad changes over time. They also show some of the main differences in the structure of the sector between different countries and regions.
> Aggregate data , Economic analysis, Economic indicators, Employment, Exports, Forest products, Forestry, Gross national product, Imports, National accounting, National income, Statistical data, Trade, Trends, Value added, World
	Forest Finance Working Paper  -  FSFM/ACC/06 Soil resources depreciation and deforestation: Philippine case study in resource accounting
	Hermina A. Francisco and Marian S. de Los Angeles (1998), EN , 44pp
This paper presents the results of an attempt to derive a damage function for soil loss using 20-year data projected through the application of the Erosion Productivity Index Calculator or EPIC in one soil conservation project site in the Philippines. For the asset value method, the study assumes a constant rent over the life span of the soil resource, assumed to be 30 years, which is the period in which all the topsoil is expected to be lost through erosion under condition of erosive farming practices. With a constant rent assumption, however, the economic measure of soil depreciation simply measures the change in the value of the asset due to the declining value of money over time. The paper also presents an estimate based on an assumption that 50% of the value of nutrients are lost through soil erosion. The study assumes that only 50% of the nutrients available in the soils are taken up by the crops. The rest are lost through various natural processes.
> Accounting , Asia, Deforestation, Depreciation, Economic resources, Environmental policies, Erosion, Philippines, Soil, Soil degradation, Soil resources
	FSFM/ACC/05 Incorporating fuelwood production and consumption into the national accounts. A case study for Zimbabwe
	Mabugu, R.; Milne, G.R.; and Campbell, B. (1998), EN , 27pp
Natural resource accounting methods are applied in a case study of fuelwood consumption in Zimbabwe. This study estimates values of economic depreciation of timber stocks from fuelwood consumption from 1990 to 1996. Fuelwood is an appropriate variable to study because of the country's high dependency on wood for energy, particularly in rural areas where most of the population lives. There is substantial criticism of the linkage between the environment and national accounts in most countries including Zimbabwe. Traditional national income data such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) do not fully capture the total economic value of natural resource stocks such as forests. Distinct natural resource accounting methodologies for valuing fuelwood depletion are reviewed and applied to commercial/domestic consumption. The main difference in the various approaches commonly used is in the valuation of physical stocks. Most studies use average net price as a measure of economic rent while a more refined approach would use the marginal net price. Using average net price can increase bias in calculating net depreciation values of timber stocks. Using either method, the resulting depreciating values are then used to adjust the national accounts. This study demonstrates some of the advantages, disadvantages and practical data limitations inherent in trying to adjust national accounts for resource depletion in a developing country context. The study also demonstrates that natural resource accounting can be used even where data constraints exist. However, to fully capture the benefits of more refined methods such as using marginal net price for resource consumption, better quality data are required.
> Accounting , Africa, Deforestation, Environmental accounting, Forest resources, Fuelwood, National accounting, Plantations, Statistical data, Valuation, Zimbabwe
	Forest Finance Working Paper  -  FSFM/ACC/04 Appreciation of the Chilean forest resource: Plantations of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus sp. 1985-1996
	Ignacio Cerda Vargas and Ricardo Núñez Sandoval (1998), EN , 40pp
This report presents the calculation of the appreciation of the Chilean forest resource for the period 1985-1996. The information comes from statistics given by enterprises and projections realized by the Chilean Forest Institute (INFOR). The calculations only considered exotic forest platations (Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus species) and excluded the native forests. This report shows the methodology used and the outputs of the calculations for each species separately.
> Accounting , Chile, Environmental accounting, Eucalyptus, Evaluation, Forest plantations, Forest resources, Forestry policies, Latin america, Pinus radiata, Plantations, Production data, South America, Statistical data, Timber trees
	Forest Finance Working Paper  -  FSFM/ACC/03 Estimating Timber Depreciation in the Brazilian Amazon
	Ronaldo Seroa da Motta, Claudio A. Ferraz do Amaral (1998), EN , 35pp
This study applies distinct methodological forest accounting approaches, following Vincent and Hartwick (1997) lines, to estimate economic depreciation of timber exploitation in the Amazonian region. Although the results may not be definitive ones, due to data availability problems, this exercise has proved to bring about issues which, though are theoretical and methodologically fully recognised, are not always revealed in other regional studies. High timber stocks, lack of property rights and informal economic relations are issues related to the Amazonian case that require great deal of caution when one is applying economic depreciation methodologies, as is addressed on the bases of these results.
> Accounting , Amazonas (Brazil), Cost benefit analysis, Depreciation, Economic analysis, Environmental accounting, Forest management, Forest resources, Forestry policies, Plantations, Services, Timber trees, Wood industry
	Forest Finance Working Paper  -  FSFM/ACC/02 Economic and Environmental Accounting for Forestry: Status and Current Efforts
	Jackson, D. ; Alfieri, A. ; Gie, G. ; Dixon, J. ; Linddal, M.  (1998), EN , 65pp
This report presents and discusses the evolution and current status of forest sector satellite accounts in economic and environmental accounting. A broad set of case studies, forest sector accounting trials and account information are reviewed. Patterns of use, approaches to valuation, potential problems and limitations in the use of this important policy information system are examined. Finally, action steps to improve the status and use of this evolving information system are discussed.
> Accounting , Case studies, Cost benefit analysis, Economic analysis, Environmental accounting, Environmental impact, Forest management, Forest resources, Forestry policies, Information systems, National income, Production economics, Services
	Forest Finance Working Paper  -  FSFM/ACC/01 Accounting for the benefits of forest resources: Concepts and experience
	(1997), EN , 151pp
This report has two principal objectives. The first is to present basic concepts that should guide the development of economic accounting procedures for forest resources. The second objective is to review empirical experience with such adjustments, with the intention of assessing their feasibility. This report is structured to be useful to both specialists and nonspecialists.
> Accounting , Analytical methods, Capital, Consumers, Economic analysis, Environmental accounting, Forest management, Forest products, Forest resources, Gross national product, Households, Investment, Labour, Living standards, Mathematical models, National accounting, National income, National planning, Production data, Regional accounting, Sustainability, Wood