Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture- FAO
Paiements des services environnementaux (PSE) dans les paysages agricoles
Paiements des services environnementaux (PSE)
Fournisseurs et bénéficiaires
Agricultural lands include many important ecosystems (forests, riparian areas, sloping lands...) and can thus offer many environmental services. Although most PES programmes are funded by the public sector, the private sector is increasingly becoming involved in purchasing environmental services.
Farmers, forest users and protected area managers are the most common providers of environmental services.
Direct external users range from local water consumers or hydropower generation companies to international individuals or businesses interested in buying carbon offsets to compensate their emissions, or ecotourism enthusiasts supporting the preservation of the integrity of the ecosystems they visit. In this way, the transaction may vary from direct payments between upstream providers and one main downstream beneficiary to consumers paying for a cup of "shade grown" coffee beans half a world away from where they were grown.
Current PES schemes are often supported mainly by indirect users, such as governments or international cooperation agencies acting on behalf of civil society, or as additional support for poverty alleviation. For more on PES and poverty see the next section.
For more on providers and buyers of environmental services, see the sections The Role of Agriculture and Buying Environmental Services respectively.
