Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture- FAO
Paiements des services environnementaux (PSE) dans les paysages agricoles
Principaux marchés
Éviter les émissions
Deforestation arising from conversion of land to annual crops or pasture is a major contributor to global emissions of greenhouse gases. Payments to land users for reducing emissions from deforestation are one of the most important types of positive incentive measures to be potentially implemented.
Payments for avoided deforestation represent another potential source of payments for carbon emissions reduction. Deforestation for conversion of land to annual crops or pasture is a major contributor to global emissions of greenhouse gases and payments to land-users for reducing deforestation, and thus emissions, are one type of positive incentive measures. This source of payments, if it materializes, will have the potential to augment the flow of payments for emission reductions from the agricultural sector. A substantial body of evidence suggests that action to prevent further deforestation would be relatively cheap compared with other types of mitigation, if the right policies and institutional structures are put in place (7). At this time there are very few existing examples of avoided deforestation or reduced emissions from deforestation schemes, and most are pilot voluntary initiatives financed by conservation and non-governmental development organizations . Examples include TNC's The Climate Action Project in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park in Bolivia (8) and its Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area in Belize .
Nevertheless, in 2007, national-level initiatives to develop avoided deforestation methodologies and carbon accounting are gathering pace. The European Space Agency, for example, is to pilot carbon inventories and deforestation monitoring using remote sensing technology in Bolivia and Cameroon . The World Bank is inviting the governments of Papua New Guinea , Costa Rica and Indonesia , and regional bodies in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo, to fund forest protection through avoided deforestation. The World Bank is seeking to persuade these countries to sign agreements to limit carbon emissions from deforestation by 2009 or 2010, in return for US$250 million investment. Initiatives by regional and local governments are also emerging in Asia and Latin America , and some developed country governments are putting up regional funds for avoided deforestation .(7)Stern, N. (2007). The economics of climate change: The Stern Review . Cambridge , UK , Cambridge University Press.
(8) Nature Conservancy (2007) Climate Action Project: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park , Bolivia . http://www.nature.org/initiatives/climatechange/work/art4253.html
