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General Notes
- The source for data on food and agriculture is the FAOSTAT database (http://faostat.fao.org). Information on concepts, definitions, country notes, etc., can also be found at the same address.
- World totals refer to all countries including those which are not shown.
- A blank space indicates data are either unavailable, not applicable or negligible.
- The term agriculture in the trade tables refers to both food and agriculture.
- More detailed notes and explanations can be found at: http://www.fao.org/es/ess/publications/yearbook/
- This publication was prepared on the basis of information available as of 14 April 2006 .
Sources and Notes on the Tables
Tables A1 & A2
Total Population and rural population - Sources: United Nations Secretariat . 2003 World Population Prospects: the 2004 Revision. United Nations, New York , 2004; World Urbanization Prospects, The 2003 Revision, United Nations, New York.
Table A3
Economically Active Population in Agriculture – Source: FAO estimates derived from population data and Economically Active Population 1950-2010: 4 th Revision, International Labour Organisation (ILO), Geneva , 1996.
Table A5
National Rainfall - Source: FAO Environment and Natural Resources Service (SDRN), Sustainable Development Department. For details about the methodology, see Gommes, R. and F. Petrassi, 1994, Rainfall variability and drought in sub-Saharan Africa since 1960 , FAO Agrometeorology Series Working Papers No. 9, Rome .
Table A7 and B4
Fertilizer data generally refer to the year July/June; e.g., data for 2002/2003 are given under 2002. Figures are given in tonnes of plant nutrients.
Tables A10, A11 & A12
The data for the first 3 columns refer to the TOTAL of countries and TOTAL of the world, for the years 1979, 1980 and 1981 also 1989,1990, and 1991 and lastly 1999, 2000 and 2001. Summing up the data for the donors ( negatives) and the recipients ( positives) obviously should not necessarily net to zero, as the mulilateral part is not reflected in some of the tables.
External Assistance to Agriculture and Official Development Assistance (Concessional):
Source: FAO Statistics Division and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Table B6
Coarse garins refer to all cereals, except wheat and rice.
Table B7
Data for cotton seed are dervived from the primary crop seed cotton
Table B9
Data exclude production of marine mammals, crocodiles, coral, pearls, sponges, and aquatic plants.
Table C6
Food excluding fish.
Table C9
Livestock products refer to primary products and do not include live animals
Table C10
Value of imports and exports has been used to rank food and agricultural commodities.
Table C11
Countries trading with themselves refer to free zones. Unspecified partner refers to non-declared partners.
Table C13,C14, C15
In these tables GDP used, refer to US dollar year 2000 constant prices
Table C15
Excludes corals, sponges and aquatic plants.
Table C16
Flour of wheat is included in total cereals
Tables D3-D8
Stock changes and all other uses, in these tables, are calculated as the balance of production minus exports plus imports minus consumption. A negative sign on these figures indicated drawing from stocks. For more information on supply utilization accounts see http://www.fao.org/es/ess//suafbs.asp
Tables D9 and D10
Commodities are ranked according to their level of importance in the world total.
Table E1
Source: International Labour Organization.
Tables E3, E4, E5
Country Average: Country average data should be interpreted with great caution because of wide variance in all the varibales involved in the calculation, as well as the quality of the underlining data . This is calculated by weighing the prices with the quantities produced. The idea of calculating the country averages is to give readers an insight to the central tendency of the prices. "Country Average": This is calculated by weighing the prices with the quantities produced
Exchange rate and Purchasing Power Parity – Source: World Development Indicators 2004, World Bank. Table E5
Agricultural Purchasing Power Parities have been calculated by FAO by applying the Geary-Khamis equations system to FAOSTAT datasets of prices in local currency and production in physical terms.
See HERE Tables F1, G1 & G2
GDP was obtained from the following sources: World Development Indicators 2006, World Bank; Agricultural GDP includes value added from forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. GDP and Agric. GDP are in constant 2000 $US.
Tables F2 & F3
See notes on Tables A1 & A3.
Table F4
Shares of production and consumption are calculated base on calories of food items
Table F5
Gini Coefficient of Income Inequality – Sources: United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2005,
and World Income Inequality database. World Bank, 2006
Table G3
Undernourishment refers to the condition of people whose dietary energy consumption is below a minimum dietary energy requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out a light physical activity.
Table G4
The national poverty head count ratio is the proportion of the population whose incomes are below the official threshold set by the national government. Exttreme poverty is the proportion of the polulation whose incomes are below the level of income required to have only sufficient food or food plus other necessities for survival.
Source: World Bank staff estimates based on the World Bank’s country poverty assessments, Human Development Report 2005 and UNDP.2005. Human Development report 2005 New York .
Table G5
Life Expectancy – Source: World bank 2006 World Development Indicators database
Life Expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to remain unchanged throughout its life.
Child Mortality – Source: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. The probability is expressed as a rate per 1 000.
Map 9
Cash crops in this map refer to coffee, cocoa, tea, tobacco and spices.
Map 10
Data refer to the sum of the top four commodities during the period 2002-2004.
Map 13
Child Nutritional Status: if only one data point was observed, it has been classified as “stable or improving”. The categories in the chart are purely statistical and do not reflect the World Health Organisation (WHO) Expert Committee Recommendation Trigger level. Full nutritional information can be found at the WHO web site http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/.
Maps 15 and 16
These global maps show the distribution of chronic undernutrition at national and subnational levels using stunting in growth among children under five years of age as an indicator. Stunting is defined as height for age below minus two standard deviations from the international growth reference standard (United States National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization). This indicator reflects long-term cumulative effects of inadequate food intake and poor health conditions as a result of lack of hygiene and recurrent illness in poor and unhealthy environments.
These maps were prepared by the Environment and Natural Resources Service, FAO, and are partially based on the GIS databases developed for the Poverty and Food Insecurity Mapping Project funded by the Government of Norway.
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General Notes
- The source for data on food and agriculture is the
FAOSTAT database - http://faostat.fao.org.
Information on concepts, definitions, country notes, etc.,
can also be found at the same address. In the absence of
official or semi-official data estimates have been worked
out by FAO Statistics Division based on related information
and trends. Statistics on crops and livestock are under
constant revision by national authorities and readers need
to consult FAOSTAT
database for the most updated information as some revisions
have occurrred since October 2004 when the data in this
publication were extracted. As regards individual countries,
national sources must also be consulted. As different international
agencies have specific responsibilites over certain economic
statistics, web sites of these organizations should be consulted
for the latest information.
- Sources for other data are indicated below.
- World totals refer to all countries including those which
are not shown.
- The term agriculture in trade tables refers to both food
and agriculture; it does not include forestry and fishery
products.
- A blank space indicates data are either unavailable, non-applicable
or negligible.
- Due to the current situation in Afghanistan, Iraq and
Somalia, data are not shown for recent years. Estimates
are included in world totals. Data for China refer to the
total of China mainland as well as China, Hong Kong SAR;
China, Province of Taiwan; and China, Macao SAR.
- This publication contains tables as well as maps. In most
cases the maps display additional information, not necessarily
originating from the tables.
- The acronym "nes" means not elsewhere specified
- PUBLICATION
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Notes on the Tables
Table A1
Total Population - Source: World Population Prospects:
The 2002 Revision, United Nations, New York, 2003.
Total population usually refers to the present-in-area
(de facto) population which includes all persons physically present
within the present geographical boundaries of countries at the mid-point
of the reference period.
Agricultural population is defined as all persons depending for
their livelihood on agriculture, hunting, fishing and forestry.
This estimate comprises all persons actively engaged in the agriculture,
forestry and fishing sector and their non-working dependents. It
is not necessary that this referred population exclusively come
from rural population (see notes of Table A2. below).
Note: e.g. Hong Kong, SAR of China has an agricultural
population of about 23,000, but does not have any rural population.
This agricultural population relates to all persons involved mainly
in occupations related to fisheries and their non-working dependents.
Table A2
Rural Population - Source: World Urbanization Prospects:
The 2003 Revision, United Nations, New York, 2004.
Population, which is not urban, is classified as rural.
Because of national differences in the characteristics that distinguish
urban from rural areas, the distinction between urban and rural
population is not amenable to a single definition that would be
applicable to all countries. National definitions are most commonly
based on size of locality for the estimation of urban population.
Usually, the rural population is obtained as the residual of urban
areas from the total population.
Table A3
This table refers to the share of economically active
population in agriculture, to the total economically active population
in countries.
Economically active population in agriculture - Source:
FAO estimates derived from population data and Economically Active
Population 1950-2010: 4th Revision, International Labour Organization
(ILO), Geneva, 1996.
Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently
active" (currently active is also known as "the labour
force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified
age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic
goods and services (employed and unemployed, including those seeking
work for the first time), as defined by the System of National Accounts
(SNA), during a specified time reference period. The economically
active population may be related to the total population for the
derivation of the crude participation rate, or, more appropriately,
to the population above the age prescribed for the measurement of
the economically active population.
The total economically active population in agriculture
is that part of the total economically active population engaged
in or seeking work in agriculture, hunting, fishing and forestry.
These estimates are neither, related to the agriculture population
nor to the rural population.
Please note that the economically active population
refers to a specific age - group according to national definitions.
The annual series of the ratio of agriculture in economically
active population and in total population have been obtained by
interpolating and extrapolating the past trends (1950-1990). Information
on agricultural population derived from national population censuses
or surveys is scarce. In deriving estimates and projections of agricultural
population presented here, FAO has largely relied on the close relationship
existing between the ratio of economically active population in
agriculture to total economically active population (EAPA/EAP) and
the ratio of agricultural population to total population (AP/TP).
For most countries the ratios were assumed to be equal, so that
the agricultural population is derived by applying the EAPA/EAP
ratio to the total population.
Table A4. Land area refers to the physical
area and does not include waterways and water bodies. It is not
the total area of the country. See too the disclaimer at the bottom.
Table A5
National Rainfall Indices - Source: FAO Environment and
Natural Resources Service (SDRN), Sustainable Development Department.
For details about the methodology, see Gommes, R. and F. Petrassi,
1994, Rainfall variability and drought in sub-Saharan Africa
since 1960, FAO Agrometeorology Series Working Papers No. 9,
Rome. Rainfall is measured in millimeters( mm) per square meter.
Table A7 and B4
Fertilizer data generally refer to the year July/June. e.g.,
data for 2002/2003 are stated under 2002. Figures are given in metric
tons of plant nutrients.
Tables A10, A11 and A12 ( see note for new edition 2005-6)
World includes the unallocated and unspecified assistances which
are not explicitly shown on each individual table but excludes the
countries which are not on the tables list. Source: FAO Statistics
Division and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD).
External Assistance to Agriculture (EAA): This refers
to the concessional and non-concessional commitments made by bilateral
and multilateral donors to developing countries, and some developed
countries entitled to Official Assistance. It is given for the development
of agriculture in the broad sense, which includes: land and water,
research, training and extension, inputs, agricultural services,
crop production, livestock, fisheries, forestry, agriculture (others,
nes), environment protection, rural development/infrastructure,
manufacturing of inputs, regional and river development, and agro-industries.
Official Development Assistance (ODA): This refers
to the flows to developing countries and multilateral institutions
provided by official agencies, including state and local governments,
or by their executive agencies, each transaction of which meets
the following tests: (a) it is administered with the promotion
of the economic development and welfare of developing countries
as the main objective; and (b) it is concessional in character
and conveys a grant element of at least 25%.
Multilateral contributions are those made to a recipient
institution which: (a) conducts all or part of its activities
in favour of development; (b) is an international agency, institution
or organization whose members are Governments or a fund managed
autonomously by such an agency; and (c) pools contributions
so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of
its financial assets.
Bilateral contributions are those whereby the donor
effectively controls the disposal of the funds by specifying the
recipient or other aspects of the disbursement (e.g. purpose, terms,
total amount, reuse of any repayments).
Concessional: If the commitment has a grant element
not less than 25% it is concessional otherwise it is non-concessional.
For more information contact: FAOStatisticalYearbook@fao.org
Table A13
The estimates for apparent Capital Stock in Agriculture have
been derived by the FAO Statistics Division using physical data
on the following: livestock, tractors, harvesters and threshers,
irrigated land, arable land, land under permanent crops, agricultural
labour force, and average constant prices year 1995 $U$ for each
of these items. The data is apparent and the methodology used need
further improvements. Source FAO Statistics Division
For more information contact: FAOStatisticalYearbook@fao.org
Table B9
Data exclude production of marine mammals, crocodiles, coral,
pearls, sponges, and aquatic plants.
Tables Section C
Intra-trade data among members of The European Union (EU) are
included)
Table C6
Food excluding fish
Table C7
Excluded from the category "processed" are primary
meats ( e.g. beef and veal, mutton and lamb etc.), along with offals
and animal fats but included are any preparations of these.
Table C9
Live animal are not included in this table of livetock products.
Table C10
Value of imports and exports has been used to rank food and
agricultural commodities.
Table C11
In some cases countries because of free trade zones are trading
with themselves and data can include the country itself as a trading
partner. ”Unspecified” refers to non declared partners; in some
cases this data is suppressed for confidentially reasons by countries.
China might appear more than once as a trading partner for some
countries. This refers to China mainland and some of it’s provinces.
Tables C13-C15
Table C13 : The trade figures of China do not exclude intra-trade
among China Mainland, Taiwan Province, Hong Kong SAR and Macao.
.Table C15 Excludes corals, sponges and aquatic plants. See note
on F1, G1, G2 below
Table C20
The rather large difference between exports and imports of tabacoo
is partly due to misclassification in custom records at the frontiers
as well as unreported product.
Tables D3-D8
"Other uses" in these tables refer to waste, stock
changes , non food uses and transformation to other food categories/groups
A draw down of stocks (from stocks) is taken as negative.
For more information on supply utilization accounts see: http://www.fao.org/statistics/suafbs.asp
Tables D9 and D10
Commodities are ranked according to their level of importance
in the world total.
Table E1
Source: World Development Indicators 2004, World Bank, and LABORSTA,
International Labour Office October 2004.
The indexes for the following countries refer to different base
periods: Albania (2002), Angola (2000), Dominica (2001), Ethiopia
(1997), Haiti (1997), Madagascar (2000), Mongolia (1996), and Serbia
and Montenegro (1997).
The indexes for El Salvador refer to urban regions and those of
Peru to metropolitan regions. The index for India refers to agricultural
workers.
Table E2
It should be noted that these indices fluctuate widely
due to exchange rate conversion, as well as well as wide variation
in declared values
Tables E3 and E4
Exchange rate and Purchasing
Power Parity (PPP)– Source: World
Development Indicators 2004, World Bank.
Average: This is calculated by weighing the prices
with the quantities produced. The idea of calculating the country
averages is to give readers an insight to the central tendency of
the prices. "Country Average": This is calculated by weighing
the prices with the quantities produced
Table E5
Agricultural Purchasing Power Parities (AGric. PPP) have been
calculated by FAO by applying
the Geary-Khamis equations system to FAOSTAT data sets of producer
prices in local currency and production in physical terms. This
system of equations yields a unique international price for each
commodity, as well as an Agricultural Purchasing Power Parities
(AGric. PPP) for each country. This latter has been used to convert
producer prices in the table. "Country Average": This
is calculated by weighing the prices with the quantities produced
Tables F1, G1, G2
F1 relates to U.S. dollars constant 1995 prices. GDP was obtained
from the following sources: World Development Indicators 2004,
World Bank; Regional Development Banks (African, Asian, and Caribbean);
United Nations Statistics Division and regional bodies (Economic
Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social
Commission for Western Asia); national statistical yearbooks and
other national sources. Agricultural GDP in addition to crops and
livestock production, includes forestry, hunting and fishing. GDP
and Agricultural GDP most likely will be different from national
sources due to use of different exchange rates and differeces in
concepts and methodology. Readers, therefore, should also consult
national sources.
Tables F2 and F3
Source: See A1-A3.
Table F4
Share of countries in world food production and consumption.
These data are calculated in calorie terms weighted by population.
Table F5
Inequality of Land – Source: Farm Structure 1999/2000 Survey,
Eurostat.
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United
Kingdom: Source: Farm Structure 1999/2000 Survey, Eurostat.
Japan: Data refer to civil persons only.
Pakistan: Data by size exclude Government holdings with 103 035
ha.
Data refer to civil persons only. Data by size exclude
Government holdings with 103 035 ha.
Inequality of Dietary Energy Consumption and Income
- Source: Income or consumption are based on survey data and in
a few cases they refer to urban areas only. For consumption where
the estimate was made on the basis of more than one year of information,
the last year was taken as the reference period.
Gini Coefficient of Dietary Energy Consumption is
estimated by FAO.
Gini Coefficient of Income Inequality – Source: Human
Development Report 2004, United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP); and World Income Inequality Database, September 2000,
World Institute for Development Economics Research.
Table G1
Caution should be used when interpreting agricultural
GDP per agricultural worker.
Table G3
Source: FAO Statistics Division
Undernourishment refers to the condition of people
whose dietary energy consumption is below a minimum dietary energy
requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out a light
physical activity.
The estimates of the prevalence of undernourishment
of less than 2.5% are open ended values and estimates of the number
of undernourished have not been performed.
Futher information on the subject can be found here: http://www.fao.org/es/ess/meetings/mofd_2004.asp
Table G4
The national poverty rate is the percentage of the population
living below the national poverty line. National estimates are based
on population-weighted sub-group estimates from household surveys.
Source: World Bank staff estimates based on the World
Bank’s country poverty assessments, Human Development Report
2004, UNDP.
Table G5.
Life Expectancy – Source: World Development Indicators database,
World Bank.
Life Expectancy at birth indicates the number of years
a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality
at the time of its birth were to remain unchanged throughout its
life.
Child Mortality – Source: United Nations Children's
Fund (UNICEF).
Under-five mortality rate is the probability that
a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to
current age-specific mortality rates. The probability is expressed
as a rate per 1 000.
Notes on the Maps
Source of data used in the maps: Information on food
and agriculture is sourced from FAOSTAT Database at the following
address: http://faostat.fao.org.
Information on concepts, definitions etc., are also found at the
same site.
Map 4
This map refers to the relative agricultural production per
capita in 2003 compared to the average 1992-94, calculated from
index numbers and represents a decades’ growth in agriculture.
Map 5
This map presents national food trade (exports minus imports)
divided by food consumption
expressed in calorie terms. Trade in live animals is not included.
The data are derived from the FAOSTAT database.
Map 9
This map is based on data contained in Table C10 and has been
aggregated to a higher commodity grouping.
Map 13
Child Nutritional Status: If only one data point was observed
it has been classified as ‘stable or improving’. The categories
in the chart are purely statistical and do not reflect the World
Health Organisation (WHO) Expert Committee Recommendation Trigger
level. Full nutritional information can be found at the WHO web
site http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/
For learn more about FAO Statistics, readers should
go to The Statistics Division's address: http://www.fao.org/statistics/
Comments on the Yearbook can be sent to the following
e-mail address FAOStatisticalYearbook@fao.org
The designations employed and the presentation
of materials in The Yearbook do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimination
of its frontiers or boundaries. The maps and designations, or names
employed, are intended solely for statistical purposes.
General Notes ( The profiles cover 155 countries. Countries for which there was not sufficient data coverage have been omitted; it is hoped in the 2005 edition more countries will be available)
- The source for the data on food and agricultural is the database
of the Organization FAOSTAT at (
http://faostat.fao.org). Information on concepts, definitions
etc. and can be found at the same address. The source for other
data is various international organizations.
- Data in this book might differ from those disseminated by national
offices due to differences in concepts and definitions at the
international level where data are standardized
- A dash “-“ sign indicates data are either unavailable,
or not applicable.
- 0 indicates negligible values.
- This Issue (No.2) of the FAO Statistical Yearbook is mainly
based on Issue No 1 of the same Yearbook.
- Belgium is not shown as until recently its statistics were complied
under Belgium and Luxmebourg. It will be shown in future issues.
- $ refes to United States dollar
Notes on the Tables and Graphs
Population figures are obtained from series prepared
by the United Nations
Population Division. .These are unlikely to be the
same as national estimates.
- Agricultural External Assistance: A negative sign indicates
that the country is a donor. No sign indicates a beneficiary country.
- Gini Coefficient for food consumption, income and land distribution
refer to different years in which the survey was carried out by
the countries. For more information see Table F 5 volume 1, Issue
1 of the Yearbook.
- Agriculture in the Economy: Population figures refer to 2004,
Trade and GDP to 2002and Arable land to 2000.
- Ag. Imports &Ag. Exports refer to food and agricultural
commodities.
- Resources: Tractors and Harvesters & Threshers per 1000
ha refer to their number per thousand hectares of arable land
only.
- Resources: Fertilizer: NPK refer to nutrient contents; N, P205
and K2O.
- In the Pie Charts relating to RESOURCES, Arable Land refers
to arable and land under permanent crops.
- Oilseeds and nuts are expressed in Oil Equivalent
- Composition of Agricultural Trade: Cereals include preparations,
Livestock Products refer to food items excluding live animals
and wool, hides etc. All Other Food excludes live animals
- Under PRICES, Agricultural Import and Export Prices refer to
Unit Value of Imports and Exports of Agricultural products.
- Agricultural prices refer to prices received by farmers .AgPPParity
refers to Agricultural Purchasing Power Parity calculated by FAO
Statistics Division.
- Calorie Distribution Chart: The category “Others and
pulses" includes , nuts, oil crops stimulants, spices, alcoholic
beverages and fish and seafood.
- Food Balances: The category “seed, feed, & others”
includes in addition to these items food manufacturing, waste,
non food use and stock changes. A minus sign against the figures
of this category indicates drawing from stocks and therefore increase
in supply. Meat refers to meat from all species, excluding offals
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