In Paraguay, family farming has been defined within the framework of the Special Meeting on Family Agriculture (REAF), National Section of Paraguay, as "rural productive activity that is executed mainly using family labor for the production of a property; also does not hire in the year more than 20 employees temporarily in specific times of the production process, which reside on the farm and/or in nearby communities, but not running under any conditions is owned, leased, or another relationship, over 50 hectares in the eastern region and 500 hectares in the western region of land regardless of the production category" (REAF. MERCOSUR, May 2007).
更多
According to the National Agricultural Census 2008 (DCEA.-MAG), the largest concentration of family farmers are located in the department of San Pedro with 43.860 farms (17%); in the department of Caaguazú with 38,205 (15%); in the department of Itapuá 31.049 farms (12%), in Paraguarí 23.472 farms (9%) and finally in the department of Caazapá with 22.195 farms (8%).
In Paraguay, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, at least 145,000 agricultural farms (50% of the total) are handled on plots where the total area does not exceed 5 ha. Another 70,000 in land properties (24% of the total), range from 5 to 10 ha.
Production
Data from the last National Census of Agriculture indicate that farms belonging to the strata currently defined as family farming generate important contributions of scale in the production of food items.
More than 80% of the foods served at the tables of all Paraguayans are from family farming with its diversified production of orchards, fruits, animals, poultry, eggs, beans, maize, beans, cassava and sweet potato.
The FF produces 11 of the 19 food items considered (58%), allocating them to both domestic consumption and export markets. Among the horticultural area, local supplies include: strawberries, tomatoes, locates, carrots, and sweet potatoes. Among the items produced for local consumption and for export, processed and unprocessed foods include : Ka'a He'e (Stevia rebaudiana), sesame, mint and sugar cane. Of the latter, sesame and mint are preferably exported in crude form, cane sugar in organic form , and Ka'a He'e in forms of leaves, extracts and syrups.
According to the National Agricultural Census 2008, the production unit of 50 hectares also presents the transformation of primary products at the farm, excelling in the production of cheese and cassava starch.
As for areas of the livestock sector, it can be noted that more than 199 000 farms of the Family Agriculture produce pigs. 81% of families produce cattle. Fowls are another sector that involves 97% of family farmers. Finally, 69% of family farmers work in the production of horses, 56% sheep, 57% goats and 86% other birds (ducks, guineas, turkeys, geese, ostrich and quail).
Disadvantages being experienced by the FF in Paraguay
Paraguay combines on one hand a growing sector of development in production and exports, and on the other, a sector with a social situation characterized by poverty that affects an extended proportion of its rural population. These extremes give the guidelines the challenges that must be addressed in the country.
With regard to family farming in the country, just over a third of the farms (38%) have a definitive title in the stratum of less than 5 ha and 44% in the stratum of 5 to less than 10 ha . On farms of 10-20 ha that proportion rises to 50% and reaches 70% in farms of 20-50 ha (Census 2008).
From sources of the Ministry of Agriculture, FF is identified as access to credit and technical assistance (including official and private sources) reaching 10% of producers with farms of up to 5 ha; producers with farms of among 5 and 10 have access proportions that are slightly higher: 14% of technical assistance and credit of 18%. In the area of FF, coverage of technical assistance does not exceed 25% credit and 30% of farms.
As a primary example, the levels of education for producers reflect low percentages. On farms up to 50 ha, the subgroup with the highest rate of basic education completed are the producers , as are producers with farms of between 20 and 50 ha (9%), while everyone else is below 7%.
Thus, Family Farming in Paraguay requires support to ensure access to land, water and other resources, spaces that help articulate the markets, together with credit, investment and specialized technical assistance services to family farmers.
- 阿富汗
- 阿尔巴尼亚
- 阿尔及利亚
- 安道尔
- 安哥拉
- 安提瓜和巴布达
- 阿根廷
- 亚美尼亚
- 澳大利亚
- 奥地利
- 阿塞拜疆
- 巴哈马
- 巴 林
- 孟加拉国
- 巴巴多斯
- 白俄罗斯
- 比利时
- 伯利兹
- 贝 宁
- 不 丹
- 玻利维亚
- 波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那
- 博茨瓦纳
- 巴 西
- 文莱达鲁萨兰国
- 保加利亚
- 布基纳法索
- 布隆迪
- 佛得角
- 柬埔寨
- 喀麦隆
- 加拿大
- 科特迪瓦
- 中非共和国
- 乍 得
- 智 利
- 中 国
- 哥伦比亚
- 科摩罗
- 刚 果
- 库克群岛
- 哥斯达黎加
- 克罗地亚
- 古 巴
- 塞浦路斯
- 捷克共和国
- 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国
- 刚果民主共和国
- 丹 麦
- 吉布提
- 多米尼克
- 多米尼加共和国
- 厄瓜多尔
- 埃 及
- 萨尔瓦多
- 赤道几内亚
- 厄立特里亚
- 爱沙尼亚
- 斯威士兰
- 埃塞俄比亚
- EUR
- 斐 济
- 芬 兰
- 法 国
- 加 蓬
- 冈比亚
- 格鲁吉亚
- 德 国
- 加 纳
- 希 腊
- 格林纳达
- 危地马拉
- 几内亚
- 几内亚比绍
- 圭亚那
- 海 地
- 洪都拉斯
- 匈牙利
- 冰 岛
- 印 度
- 印度尼西亚
- 伊 朗
- 伊拉克
- 爱尔兰
- 以色列
- 意大利
- 牙买加
- 日 本
- 约 旦
- 哈萨克斯坦
- 肯尼亚
- 基里巴斯
- 科威特
- 吉尔吉斯斯坦
- 老挝人民民主共和国
- 拉脱维亚
- 黎巴嫩
- 莱索托
- 利比里亚
- 利比亚
- 立陶宛
- 卢森堡
- 马达加斯加
- 马拉维
- 马来西亚
- 马尔代夫
- 马 里
- 马耳他
- 马绍尔群岛
- 毛里塔尼亚
- 毛里求斯
- 墨西哥
- 密克罗尼西亚
- 摩纳哥
- 蒙 古
- 黑山
- 摩洛哥
- 莫桑比克
- 缅 甸
- 纳米比亚
- 瑙 鲁
- 尼泊尔
- 荷兰王国
- 新西兰
- 尼加拉瓜
- 尼日尔
- 尼日利亚
- 纽 埃
- 挪 威
- 阿 曼
- 巴基斯坦
- 帕 劳
- 巴拿马
- 巴布亚新几内亚
- 巴拉圭
- 秘 鲁
- 菲律宾
- 波 兰
- 葡萄牙
- 卡塔尔
- 大韩民国
- 摩尔多瓦共和国
- 罗马尼亚
- 俄罗斯联邦
- 卢旺达
- 圣基茨和尼维斯
- 圣卢西亚
- 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯
- 萨摩亚
- 圣马力诺
- 沙特阿拉伯
- 圣多美和普林西比
- 塞内加尔
- 塞尔维亚
- 塞舌尔
- 塞拉利昂
- 新加坡
- 斯洛伐克
- 斯洛文尼亚
- 所罗门群岛
- 索马里
- 南 非
- 南苏丹
- 南方共同市场
- 西班牙
- 斯里兰卡
- 苏 丹
- 苏里南
- 瑞 典
- 瑞 士
- 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国
- 塔吉克斯坦
- 坦桑尼亚联合共和国
- 泰 国
- 前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国
- 东帝汶
- 多 哥
- 汤 加
- 特立尼达和多巴哥
- 突尼斯
- 土耳其
- 土库曼斯坦
- 图瓦卢
- 乌干达
- 乌克兰
- 阿拉伯联合酋长国
- 联合王国
- 美 国
- 乌拉圭
- 乌兹别克斯坦
- 瓦努阿图
- 委内瑞拉 (玻利瓦尔共和国)
- 越 南
- 也 门
- 赞比亚
- 津巴布韦