In Niger, climate change and economic factors are affecting the living conditions of agricultural producers. Distorted by the promise of better yields, many Nigerien producers have abandoned their farming practices and peasant varieties to adopt new and sometimes inappropriate practices. This case deals with black millet and white onion, two farmers’ varieties that farmers’ organizations are trying to preserve with support from other stakeholders. This is in a context where policies are more favourable to a certifi ed seed system. It refl ects the commitment of small producers to restore peasant varieties to solve socio-anthropological and agricultural productivity problems.