Research shows that in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) climate variability already influences water availability, ecosystem services, and agricultural production. According to downscaled climate projections, the risks of climate-induced hazards such as floods, landslides, and droughts are projected to increase significantly by 2050. To an increasing degree, rural women in the HKH manage the frontline of local agriculture and natural resources, and as such, deal directly with the impacts and risks associated with climate change. Women’s livelihood options, adaptive capacities, roles in decision-making, and access to and control over resources are constrained by structural and gendered inequalities, which enhance their vulnerability. Despite high levels of male outmigration for work, women still operate within a system that is highly patriarchal and denies their full participation.