The prevalence of undernourishment has seen little improvement since 2010 and the most recent estimates suggest a rise. The worsening situation is due to adverse climatic conditions, conflict and a difficult global economic environment. Looking forward, rapid population growth will add to the challenge of meeting the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 in Sub-Saharan Africa in the coming decades. Food production would need to increase considerably to meet rising demand, while climate change will exacerbate existing challenges. Addressing the root causes of migration and improving earning opportunities in rural areas is essential to fighting hunger and malnutrition. At the same time, population and income growth, as well as migration, offer opportunities for the growth of domestic agriculture and agribusiness if farmers and entrepreneurs can respond to demand growth and shifts in consumer tastes. Exploiting opportunities will require investment in research and development to support sustainable intensification and investment in public goods that facilitate private investment across the entire value chain. Raising agriculture expenditure is important while the prioritizing of spending is just as important. An enabling regulatory environment will foster private investments and, combined with strategic public investments, will improve the functioning of markets and facilitate trade.