Climate simulation models are converging in terms of forecasts for the MENA region, that already suffers scare water quantities and poor quality, with expected higher temperature and decreasing rain fall. While conventional water supply alternatives are getting more and more limited, it has been shown through many studies that water, especially for food production, is inefficiently overused in many countries of the region, and that effective investments in agricultural water demand management could generate important savings and enhance the economic value of the used water. Water demand management requires effective institutional and organizational set-up which are currently either lacking or ineffective in the MENA region.