Pasture is one of the most vital natural resources for Central Asia countries – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It accounts for nearly 260 million hectares of land resources being a basis for livestock breeding which is an income source for the majority of Central Asia population. Pasture land is present in steppe, arid and mountain areas. In this region pasture has been used since the earliest times being subject to degradation processes since the Soviet times. Lately there have been additional reasons emerged aggravating pasture degradation. Firstly, according to the forecast of global climate change and reduction of precipitations it is expected that the number of dry years will increase which aff ects the pasture productivity. Secondly, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, there are still socio-economic transformation processes ongoing in Central Asia countries. As a result local populations either have no adequate knowledge about proper approaches to sustainable pasture management systems or their socioeconomic status forces them to resort to unsustainable use of this natural resource. Consequences of pasture degradation and desertification can include poverty aggravation, food insecurity and increased migration among rural populations.