Mongolia, a vast country of 1.56 million square kilometers, is home to 15 timesmore livestock than people. It has over 2.7 million human population and 43 millionlivestock as of 2010.The transformation of Mongolia after the collapse of the Soviet Union from collectivesocialism to a market economy disrupted urban and rural livelihoods, ultimatelyleading to increased urban poverty and food insecurity. In the last decade, whilethe government’s agricultural and rural development program has met with somesuccess, the poverty level has persisted above 30%.The agriculture sector, which accounted for 15% of Mongolia’s Gross DomesticProduct (GDP) in 2010 and provides livelihood to about 40% of the population,promises to be the avenue for addressing poverty. The livestock-based industrycontributes to around 10% of all export revenues.