The agricultural and food production sector plays a key role in fighting poverty and food insecurity in Moldova, but is facing critical challenges to modernize and integrate into the international market. Not only is agricultural land the country’s main natural resource, the agricultural sector still accounts for 30 percent of employment, with an additional 24 percent of the adult population engaged in low-intensity agricultural work. The agricultural sector is one of the focuses of the National Development Strategy “Moldova 2020” and a budget of 2 billion EUR is committed to finance the National Strategy on Agriculture and Rural Development 2014-2020, with the objectives to increase the sector’s competitiveness, ensure sustainable resource management, and improve living standards in rural areas. Furthermore, Moldova currently finds itself at a decisive stage of its transition process as it re-orients towards the European Union. This new direction of economic integration requires the country to guide the agricultural sector to take advantage of access to new markets and buffer negative consequences of increasing competition.