Part I of this year’s edition of the State of Food Insecurity in Europe and Central Asia is devoted to the theme of how the nature of food insecurity has evolved in the region over the past 23 years. The familiar four pillars of food security are used to demonstrate how the character of food insecurity in the region has changed substantially, owing to the pro-poor economic growth observed over the past 23 years, particularly in the poorer countries of the region. Today, the main indicators and issues on household food insecurity concern malnutrition, rather than the physical or economic access or stability of access to food. The different characteristics of food insecurity in the ECA region require different policies. Part II discusses a range of policies designed to address the principal malnutrition issues by groups of countries, classified by their predominant food insecurity and malnutrition concerns.