The report analyses the determinants of demand on energy, water, and food in the Arab region, thgat  include socio-economic contexts, level of development, population growth, rate of urbanization, scarcity of water resources, the harsh climate conditions, and pricing policies. However, the region is truly heterogeneous in terms of socioeconomic contexts, level of development, and per capita income. Other factors contributing to variations of level of demand include governments’ supplyoriented policies and lack of demand management. Thus, great disparities exist in per capita energy, water, and food consumption amongst different Arab countries according to differences in the preceding factors. Over the past three decades, demand on water and energy in all Arab countries has increased dramatically as a result of increasing population and urbanization growth, improvements in the standard of living, changes in lifestyles, industrial development and efforts to increase food self-sufficiency. As most of the Arab region is among the most urbanized regions in the world, urbanization is another strong driver of demand on energy, water, and food due to changes in lifestyles and consumption behaviors.In order for the Arab countries to gradually shift to SCP, every country, based on its respective socio-economic circumstance, needs to identify priority actions and enabling conditions necessary to facilitate that transition. These enabling conditions include: good governance, integrated policy planning, sound regulatory regime, use of market-based instruments, capacity development, access to finance and investments, research and development, public awareness, and green procurement.