Framework Law
The main law applicable to water resources management, which covers all of the following areas: administration; management, conservation and use of freshwater resources; water rights; waterworks; water supply
Constitutional provisions
Date of text: 24 January 1994
Right to water: No provisions regarding the right to water.
Natural resources: Chapter III, article 13 states principles of national policy: accord full recognition to the rights of future generations by means of environmental protection and the sustainable development of natural resources.
Agriculture
Water used for irrigation, forestry and aquaculture
Date of original text: 13 November 1997 (2012)
Date of original text: 24 January 2021 (2021)
Water Supply and Sanitation
Provision of water services by public utilities or commercial organizations; water supply for domestic, industrial or other purposes; right to safe and clean drinking water and basic sanitation; quality of piped water; sewerage
Governance
The political, social, economic and administrative systems that govern water management and conservation; good practices; good governance; decentralization; water user’s associations
Infrastructure
Waterworks; water supply systems; dams; hydropower systems; irrigation systems
Water Resources Management and Water Rights
Ownership and control of water resources; abstraction and diversion of water; allocation and quotas; riparian rights; priority of rights; free water use
Date of original text: 24 January 2021 (2012)
Water and Environment
Date of original text: 24 January 2021 (2012)
Water Quality and Pollution Control
Control of pollution and quality of freshwater bodies and groundwater; agricultural point and non-point sources of pollution; water quality standards
Groundwater
Freshwater resources located below the surface of the earth; aquifers; groundwater abstraction; well-sinking; boreholes; hydrogeology
Date of original text: 24 January 2021 (2012)
Date of original text: 17 February 1978 (1997)
Disaster Resilience
Water-related hazards; flood; drought; water shortage; adaptation to climate change; early warning system/emergency intervention system
Date of original text: 24 January 1970 (2012)
Date of text: 01 April 2020
Transboundary Waters
Transboundary effects; international basin institutions; international agreements; transboundary coordination; transboundary aquifers
Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourse Systems in the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Date of text: 07 August 2000
Date of text: 11 July 2003
Policies
Date of text: 24 January 2021
Date of text: 16 August 2017
Date of text: 24 January 2021
Date of text: 24 January 2021