The Speed of Evolution of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Rice

ACCase inhibitors HRAC Group A Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) # Species & Country Res Year Herbicides Entry Year Yrs to Res Yrs to Res 1 . Echinochloa colona Costa Rica 1994 fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 1988 6 6 2 . Echinochloa colona Costa Rica 1998 propanil fenoxaprop-p-ethyl azimsulfuron 1964 1988 1997 34 10 1 10 3 . Echinochloa colona Nicaragua 2000 fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 1988 12 12 4 . Echinochloa crus-galli Thailand 2001 fenoxaprop-p-ethyl quizalofop-P-tefuryl cyhalofop-butyl 1988 1990 2002 13 11 0 13 5 . Echinochloa crus-galli USA 2000 molinate thiobencarb = benthiocarb fenoxaprop-p-ethyl cyhalofop-butyl 1968 1975 1987 2002 32 25 13 0 13 6 . Echinochloa oryzicola USA 2000 molinate thiobencarb = benthiocarb fenoxaprop-p-ethyl cyhalofop-butyl 1968 1975 1987 2002 32 25 13 0 13 7 . Echinochloa phyllopogon USA 1998 fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 1987 11 11 8 . Ischaemum rugosum Colombia 2000 fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 1988 12 12 9 . Leptochloa chinensis Thailand 2002 fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 1988 14 14         Ave: 11.6