The Speed of Evolution of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Rice

Ureas and amides HRAC Group C2 Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II # Species & Country Res Year Herbicides Entry Year Yrs to Res Yrs to Res 1 . Echinochloa colona Colombia 1988 propanil 1964 24 24 2 . Echinochloa colona Costa Rica 1987 propanil 1964 23 23 3 . Echinochloa colona Costa Rica 1998 propanil fenoxaprop-p-ethyl azimsulfuron 1964 1988 1997 34 10 1 34 4 . Echinochloa colona El Salvador 1999 propanil 1964 35 35 5 . Echinochloa colona Guatemala 1999 propanil 1964 35 35 6 . Echinochloa colona Honduras 1999 propanil 1964 35 35 7 . Echinochloa colona Panama 1999 propanil 1964 35 35 8 . Echinochloa colona Venezuela 2000 propanil 1964 36 36 9 . Echinochloa crus-galli Greece 1986 propanil 1964 22 22 10 . Echinochloa crus-galli Greece 2000 propanil 1964 36 36 11 . Echinochloa crus-galli Italy 2000 propanil 1962 38 38 12 . Echinochloa crus-galli Sri Lanka 1997 propanil 1964 33 33 13 . Echinochloa crus-galli Thailand 1998 propanil butachlor 1964 1975 34 23 34 14 . Echinochloa crus-galli USA 1990 propanil 1962 28 28 15 . Echinochloa crus-galli USA 1991 propanil 1962 29 29 16 . Echinochloa crus-galli USA 1994 propanil 1962 32 32 17 . Echinochloa crus-galli USA 1995 propanil 1962 33 33 18 . Echinochloa crus-galli USA 1999 propanil quinclorac 1962 1992 37 7 37         Ave: 32.2