Table 2. Summary of dietary
nutrient requirement and utilization of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax (requirement
expressed for dry feed except otherwise where mentioned) |
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Nutrient level |
Life stage/size class |
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Fry |
Fingerling |
Juvenile |
Grower |
Broodstock |
Crude protein, % min |
50 |
45�50 |
45-50 |
45 |
45 |
Crude protein, g/kg body
weight/day |
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|
DP/DE ratio, mg/kJ |
23�24 |
21�23 |
21�22 |
19�21 |
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Amino acids, % min of
dietary protein |
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Arginine |
|
3.9�4.6 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
|
Histidine |
|
|
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
Isoleucine |
|
|
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
Leucine |
|
|
4.3 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
|
Lysine |
|
4.8 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
|
Methionine |
|
|
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
Methionine + Cystine |
|
4 |
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|
|
|
Phenylalanine |
|
|
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
Threonine |
|
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
|
Tryptophan |
|
0.5�0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
|
Valine |
|
|
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
Crude lipid, % min |
|
15�18 |
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Essential fatty acids, % min |
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20:5n-3 |
|
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
22:6n-3 |
1 |
0.5�1 |
0.5�1 |
0.5�1 |
0.5�1 |
Carbohydrate, % max |
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Crude fibre, % max |
2 |
3�4 |
3�4 |
3�4 |
3�4 |
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Digestible energy, min kJ/g |
|
19 |
19 |
19 |
19 |
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Protein to energy ratio,
mg/kJ |
|
25 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
Minerals |
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Macroelements (%) |
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Calcium, max |
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Phosphorus, min |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
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Magnesium, min |
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Sodium, min |
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Vitamins, min IU/kg |
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Vitamin A |
|
2 500 |
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|
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Vitamin D |
|
2 400 |
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Vitamins, min mg/kg |
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|
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Vitamin E |
|
50 |
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Vitamin K |
|
10 |
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Thiamine |
|
1 |
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Riboflavin |
|
4 |
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Pyridoxine |
|
3 |
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Pantothenic acid |
|
20 |
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Niacin |
|
10 |
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Folic acid |
|
1 |
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Vitamin B12 |
|
0.01 |
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Choline |
|
1 000 |
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Inositol |
|
300 |
|
|
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Biotin |
|
0.15 |
|
|
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Ascorbic acid |
|
50 |
|
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Source: Kaushik
(1998b); Kaushik, Gouillou-Cousans and Cho (1998); Tibaldi and Kaushik (2002) |
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