Trees outside forests / Agroforestry systems

Trees-crops-livestock systems - agrosilvopasture

These systems include all three components:

• trees grown to provide fodder to animal and nutrients to the crops;
• crops provide food to the farmers, forage to the animals and organic matter to the soil;
• animals improve soil fertility, thus enhancing crop and tree growth, by providing organic manure.

Animal grazing after crop harvesting, Senegal <br> (Photo: S. Sadio)