XI WORLD FORESTRY CONGRESS

Antalya, Turkey, 13 to 22 October 1997


VOLUME 2, TOPIC 9


    POTENTIALS FOR APPLYING BIOSOCIAL MODEL TO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

    Endang Setiawan 1

    Watershed management actions are implemented through a nation-wide Project of Reforestation and Regreening launched in the late 1970s. The Ministry of Forestry was appointed the leading agency for planning and implementation of the Project. Planning of watershed management is initiated with strategic planning called "The plan of land rehabilitation and soil water conservation practices in watershed". During its implementation, some revisions to the emphasis were made.

    Watershed management has applied the ecosystem model, and the watershed plan is formulated based on an analysis of biophysic and socio-economic institution factors. The soil erosion factor has been used as the main grounds in this formulation. Evaluation of watershed management implementation conforms with this planning thought, focusing on watershed land use, socio-economic and hydrological conditions.

    While revisions to the planning framework have been made, conforming to Provincial and Regencies Spatial Plan, shortcomings are apparent with regard to (1) defining the socio-economic process to only the inside-watershed society (population living within the area of the watershed); and (2) difficulty in accommodating resource use by stakeholders in order to ensure socially sound management. Possible erroneous prediction and conclusion on society-environment relationships that could result from this situation, in turn, could lead to biased management actions. Biosocial model as developed by Thomas M. Bonicksen, a framework for analysing and organizing environment-society relationships in natural resources management, is elaborated as an option to accommodate the shortcomings. The use of computer simulation in applying biosocial model is proposed.

    1 Directorate General of Reforestation and Land Rehabilitation, Ministry of Forestry, Manggala Wanabakti Building Floor 13th, Jalan Gatot Subroto Jakarta, Indonesia.



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