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粮农组织林产品年鉴 2007

粮农组织林产品年鉴 汇编了世界上所有国家和地区基本林产品统计数据。它包含有关林产品产量、贸易量和贸易值的系列年度数据。部分表格表明了某些产品的贸易流向和平均单位贸易值。年鉴中的统计数据主要来源于各国通过问卷调查表向粮农组织林业部提供的数据或官方出版物。在缺少官方资料的情况下，粮农组织则根据现有最佳资料作出估计。
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Global review of forest pests and diseases

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Forests are complex ecosystems that provide valuable products and services, have important aesthetic, social and cultural value and contribute to the livelihoods of rural communities. It is therefore critical to protect these resources from disturbances by insects and other pests and diseases. Pests and diseases can adversely affect tree growth, vigour and survival, the yield and quality of wood and non-wood products, wildlife habitat, recreation and the aesthetic appeal and cultural value of forests. They may also impede forest plantation programmes and make it necessary to abandon certain tree species or to clear cut large areas dominated by infested trees. Effective pest management requires reliable information about the biology, ecology and distribution of the pests, their impacts on forest ecosystems and possible methods of control; it also often requires international cooperation. This publication represents a rare effort to address forest pests and diseases comprehensively at the global level. Part I summarizes the results of a thematic study reviewing forest pests in 25 countries. Part II presents profiles of some globally important forest pest species, and Part III discusses select forest trees species and their associated pests.The information provided in this publication will assist forest health specialists, forest managers and policy-makers worldwide to make informed decisions.

Forests and water

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The availability and quality of clean water in many regions of the world is more and more threatened by overuse, misuse and pollution. In this context, the relationship between forests and water must be accorded high priority. Forested catchments supply a high proportion of the water for domestic, agricultural, industrial and ecological needs in both upstream and downstream areas. A key challenge faced by land, forest and water managers is to maximize the benefits that forests provide without detriment to water resources and ecosystem function. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of the interface of forests and trees with water and for embedding this knowledge in policies. This study, initiated in the context of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, highlights the need for holistic management of complex watershed ecosystems taking into account interactions among water, forest and other land uses as well as socio-economic factors. It explains the role of forests in the hydrological cycle, with a particular focus on critical, “red flag” forest situations such as mountainous or steep terrain, river and coastal areas and swamp ecosystems, as well as the special case of mountainous small islands. It addresses the protection of municipal water supplies and emerging systems of payment for watershed services. This state-of-knowledge publication will be of interest to a broad range of technical experts, scientists and decision-makers.

森林与能源
主要问题

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能源消费量和矿物燃料价格的飙升以及不断增加的温室气体排放量和对能源进口依存度的关注，正在促使人们寻找矿物燃料的替代品来进行能源生产。生物燃料是目前地球上生产的可再生能源的最大来源。作为生物量，木材提供一些最高水平的能源和碳效率。本出版物对森林与能源之间的关系进行了探讨。它论述了木材在目前和未来对生物能源生产的贡献，以及液体生物燃料作物的开发对森林影响。本文件在一开始对全球能源供应和需求进行了概述并对到2030年的情况作出预测。随后在有关各种生物能源作物及其在第一代和第二代生物燃料生产中的应用的一般性讨论中，论述了木质能源的贡献。所作分析对开发生物能源不同来源的好处和转变土地用途的风险作出了评价。它还讨论了市场力量和为促进木质能源生产而不断进行的技术创新。提出了旨在发展生物能源的政策选择和建议，强调了土地使用综合规划和监测以及向发展中国家转让先进的木材能源技术的重要性。本出版物对于有兴趣了解更多关于森林在能源生产方面作用的特定和普通读者均将有裨益。
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The world's mangroves 1980–2005

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Mangroves, commonly found along sheltered coastlines in the tropics and subtropics, fulfil important socio-economic and environmental functions: providing wood and non-wood forest products, protecting shores against wind, waves and water currents; conserving biological diversity; protecting coral reefs, sea-grass beds and shipping lanes against siltation; and providing habitat, spawning grounds and nutrients for a variety of fish and shellfish, including many commercial species. High population pressure in coastal areas has, however, led to the conversion of many mangrove areas to other uses. The world’s mangroves 1980–2005, prepared in the framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, provides comprehensive information on the current and past extent of mangroves in all countries and territories in which they exist. This information, as well as the gaps in information that come to light in the report, will assist mangrove managers and policy- and decision-makers worldwide in ensuring the conservation, management and sustainable use of the world’s remaining mangrove ecosystems.
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People, forests and trees in West and Central Asia
Outlook for 2020

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In West and Central Asia, governments, the private sector, communities, farmers and civil society organizations are making substantial efforts to improve the management of forest and tree resources. However, most countries face enormous challenges in this regard. This publication, the main report of the Forestry Outlook Study for West and Central Asia (FOWECA), provides a long-term perspective of changes in the forest sector. Implemented in partnership with the countries, the study covered 23 countries in West Asia, Central Asia and the southern Caucasus. This report outlines the probable developments, including broader regional and global issues which need to be taken into account in developing national policies and programmes. It then discusses what needs to be done to enhance the contribution of forests and trees to society. It focuses particularly on probable development scenarios, their implications for society in terms of the availability of goods and services, and the priorities and strategies that may be pursued to improve the situation. This analysis will be of particular interest to planners, investors and decision-makers at the regional, subregional and national levels.
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Fire management – global assessment 2006

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Fire management is an essential part of sustainable forest management. This publication complements the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005) as an in-depth thematic study on the incidence, impact and management of forest fires in different regions of the world. It was developed from 12 regional papers prepared within the framework of the Global Wildland Fire Network of the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. It provides the best estimate of the global fire situation to date and gives a good indication of the scale of the impact of vegetation fires on society, on the economy and on the environment. This global assessment will be of interest not only to fire specialists, but also to policy-makers, forest managers and those involved in collecting reliable and current information on fire in different types of vegetation. It is an important contribution to FAO’s efforts to enhance international cooperation in fire management.
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The new generation of watershed management programmes and projects
A resource book for practitioners and local decision-makers

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On the occasion of the International Year of Mountains – 2002, FAO and its partners undertook a large-scale assessment and global review of the current status and future trends of integrated and participatory watershed management. The overall objectives were to promote the exchange and dissemination of experiences in implementing watershed management projects in the decade from 1990 to 2000 and to identify the vision for a new generation of watershed management programmes and projects. This resource book represents a summary and critical analysis of the rich discussions and vast material that emerged during the review, as well as the review’s findings and recommendations. It presents the state of the art in watershed management, promotes further reflection and creative thinking and proposes new ideas and approaches for future watershed management programmes and projects. This publication has been written primarily for field-level watershed management practitioners and local decision-makers involved in watershed management at the district or municipality level. It will also be a useful source of information for other readers such as senior officers and consultants specialized in other areas, evaluators, policy-makers and students of watershed management.
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Better forestry, less poverty
A practitioner’s guide

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This guide suggests ways to design and implement forest-based interventions that have the greatest potential to reduce poverty. Areas for action include timber production in both natural and planted forests, non-wood forest products, woodfuel, bushmeat, agroforestry and payment for environmental services. For each topic, the guide outlines key issues, summarizes successful case studies and identifies sources of additional information. The document highlights the importance of using participatory approaches and of tailoring activities to local circumstances. Emphasis is on making changes that will improve the livelihoods of people living in or near forests, and on helping users to gain a better understanding of the forms of rural poverty and of how decisions made at the local level affect segments of poor rural communities in different ways – women, children and the elderly being the most vulnerable. The guide will be of interest to forestry and rural development practitioners and the communities they serve, including district forestry officials, extension workers, local planners and administrators, and owners of small-scale enterprises and their employees.
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Tendencias y perspectivas del sector forestal en América Latina y el Caribe

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Desde hace algunos años la FAO, en colaboración con países miembros, el sector privado y organizaciones internacionales, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, realiza una serie de procesos de análisis y elaboración de perspectivas del sector forestal en diferentes países y regiones del mundo. La presente publicación sobre las tendencias y las perspectivas del sector forestal para América Latina y el Caribe es el resultado de un proceso que ha involucrado directamente 20 países y tres subregiones. El estudio realiza una estimación sobre la probable situación del sector forestal regional al 2020. Se ha elaborado una descripción y un análisis de las principales tendencias del sector forestal en los últimos años y se han determinado las posibles direcciones de su futuro desarrollo y los desafíos del mismo. Se han considerado las principales fuerzas impulsoras, como las políticas, las instituciones, los cambios demográficos, tecnológicos, económicos, medioambientales y los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Se presenta un análisis de las implicaciones para el sector forestal en los próximos años, así como las posibles oportunidades para el desarrollo del mismo.
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Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005
Progress towards sustainable forest management

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Is the world progressing towards sustainable forest management? This question provided the framework for the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005), the most comprehensive in FAO's series of such assessments to date, covering 229 countries and areas for the period 1990 to 2005. This publication, the main report of FRA 2005, contains country-by-country data, contributed by national correspondents and reviewed and collated by FAO, for more key forest variables than in any previous assessment. Based on these results, the report analyses progress being made towards sustainable forest management. Six core chapters evaluate the status, trends and information availability for six thematic elements of sustainable forest management: extent of forest resources; biological diversity; forest health and vitality; productive functions of forest resources; protective functions of forest resources; and socio-economic functions. Chapter 8 then synthesizes this information at the subregional, regional and global levels, with a series of "traffic lights" indicating where there is cause for optimism and where there is cause for alarm. Recommendations for future assessments are also included. This report is an essential reference for anyone interested in the status of the world¿s forests, for those involved in international negotiations related to forestry and for all concerned with the contribution of forests to sustainable development.
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Microfinance and forest-based small-scale enterprises

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Communities around the world rely on forests for their livelihoods, not only for domestic uses but also for income, frequently obtained through small-scale, often family-run enterprises. The sustainable development of such enterprises is increasingly recognized as a key to poverty reduction but is often hindered by lack of financial inputs or poor access to microfinance services. This publication reviews the specific microfinance needs of small-scale enterprises given the often seasonal and unpredictable nature of forest-based activities. It analyses the constraints they face when trying to obtain microfinance services and identifies ways to overcome these challenges. It examines the role that different types of microfinance institutions can play for small-scale enterprises and forest communities. It discusses, in addition to microcredit, a comprehensive range of services including savings, group lending, leasing, insurance and cash transfers. The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches are illustrated through four case studies in Nepal, Guatemala, the Sudan and Peru. This book will be a useful reference for those involved in designing policies and projects for the development of forest communities, as well as for those providing financial services to small enterprises in rural areas.
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Trends in wood products 1961-2003

This user-friendly booklet provides a graphic overview of key global and regional trends in the domain of wood and wood products. It summarizes the detailed statistics compiled by FAO, in partnership with national and international institutions, and published in the annual FAO Yearbook of Forest Products.
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Best practices for improving law compliance in the forest sector

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Forest law compliance is attracting increased attention in the international forest policy arena as significant volumes of timber are illegally felled, processed and traded every year. Illegal logging and associated trade have far-reaching environmental, social and economic consequences. Various stakeholders at the local, national and international levels are making efforts to address the issue. Several governments are in the process of rationalizing their legal and policy framework, building institutional capacity to foster better law compliance and gathering additional data on the extent and nature of illegal operations. Private initiatives such as forest certification, voluntary corporate codes of conduct, independent monitoring of forest operations and log tracking are also contributing to fighting forest crime. This publication provides an overview of these experiences to foster better forest law compliance. It analyses available knowledge in a set of best practices drawn from 11 country case studies, which decision-makers may wish to apply to reduce illegal operations in the forest sector.
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